Подготовительные упражнения (стр. 2 )

Высокий уровень задания

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А1 – А7, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.

In Great Britain some categories of people are entitled to financial help. The benefit paid to retired people is the state pension or retirement pension, to which women are entitled at the age of 60 and men at 65. Anyone below the retirement age of 65 who has previously worked for a certain minimum period of time can receive unemployment benefit (known colloquially as the dole).

Women who leave work to have a baby receive maternity pay from their employer. Women, who do not qualify for this, for example, the self-employed, receive a maternity allowance from the government. A woman whose husband dies before he retires, receives a widow's pension if she is aged 45 or over. If she has children, she receives a widowed mother's pension.

Some people are entitled to neither pension nor unemployment benefit (because they haven’t previously worked for long enough or because they have been unemployed for a long time). These people can apply for income support and if they have no significant savings, will receive it.

Child benefit is a small weekly payment for each child, usually paid directly to mothers, for examples are housing benefit (distributed by the local authority, to help with rent payments), ness benefit, and death grants (to cover funeral expenses).

Family credit is for working families on modest incomes. Income support is for those without work and with low financial resources.

There is also a housing benefit scheme, a mobility allowance available to the disabled to pay for transport or to buy a special vehicle. Invalidity pension is paid to a person who is unable work after a sickness period.

A1. The women of 60 can receive

1. a pension

2. unemployment benefit

3. the state pension

4. the dole

A2. The self-employed receive

1. maternity pay

2. maternity allowance

3. a widow's pension

4. a widowed mother's pension

A3. Unemployed can apply for

1. pension

2. unemployment benefit

3. state pension

4. income support

A4. Child benefit is

1. paid to parents

2. paid to relatives

3. paid to mothers

4. paid to fathers

A5. Invalidity pension is paid to

1. unemployed

2. the disabled

3. invalids

4. a person who is unable work after a sickness period

1	2	3	4	5

Ключи: A1 – 3 A2 – 2 A3 – 4 A4 –3 A5 –3

Базовый уровень А 2+

Установите соответствие между заголовками A – D и параграфами 1 – 3. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один лишний заголовок. Если вы затрудняетесь соотнести какой-либо текст с темой, то ставьте в таблице знак Х под номером этого текста.

A Medical charges

B Patients’ rights

C Health reforms

D National medical system

E Family doctors

1. The National Health Service (NHS) provides com­prehensive medical care which is available to all residents, regardless of their income. The NHS is financed mainly out of general taxation. Some forms of treatment, such as hospital care, are provided free; others are charged for. People are free to choose their family doctor, dentist, optician and pharmacist, who have contracts with the NHS.

2. Family doctors provide the first diagnosis of an illness and either prescribe a suitable course of treatment or refer a patient for more specialised treatment elsewhere. About 80 per cent work in partnerships or group practices, often as members of primary health care teams.

3. Patients pay for medical prescriptions, although in prac­tice almost 80 per cent are supplied free, since charges do not apply to people on low incomes, children, expectant mothers, pensioners and other groups. Charges are made for dental treatment under the NHS, although people on low incomes receive free treatment, as do pregnant women, children and young people below the age of 18. NHS hospital treatment is free.

4. Under recent wide-ranging reforms in management and patient care, each health authority is funded to buy health care for its local residents through con­tracts with public or private hospitals. Hospitals may apply to become self-governing trusts, independent of health authority control, but remaining part of the NHS; they treat NHS patients and are funded largely through contracts with health authorities and with those family doctors who choose to become responsible for part of their own NHS budgets. Trusts may also treat private patients.

№ текста	1	2	3	4
тема

Ключи: 1- B 2 –E 3 –A 4 –C 5 - D

Повышенный уровень В 1

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений, обозначенных буквами А - G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Most practicing general physicians in Great Britain are part of the National Health Service, although 1 ……………………….. Established in 1948, the service provides full, and in most cases, free medical care to all residents. Patients, who may opt for a particular physician, pay minimal charges for prescriptions, adult dental treatment, eyeglasses and dentures, and 2 ………………………. , such as vaccinations. Most dentists, pharmacists, and medical specialists take part in the service. Each general practitioner may have no more than 3500 registered patients under the plan, for each of whom 3 ………………The National Health Service is financed through general taxation, with national insurance payments contributing some 14% of the total cost. The national insurance system, put into full operation in 1948, 4 ………………………….for industrial injuries, illness, unemployment, maternity costs, and for children in certain circumstances, as well as allowances for guardians and widows, retirement pensions, and death payments. Retirement benefits are paid to men at the age of 65 and to women at the age of 60. Family allowances are payable for all children up to the ages of 16 to 19, or when 5 ........................The insurance system assists the needy through weekly cash benefits and special services for the handicapped. Most of these services are financed partly through compulsory weekly contributions by employers and employees and partly by the government out of general taxation. Expenditures on health and social security accounted for about 47% of 6 .……….. in the early 1990s. At that time, life expectancy at birth in the United Kingdom averaged 79 years for women and 73 for men; the infant mortality rate was 6.6 per 1000 live births.

A insurance system

B he or she receives a fee

C some locally administered services

D all government spending

E provides benefits

F. the child leaves school

G some also have private patients

1	2	3	4	5	6

Ключи: 1 – G 2 – C 3- B 4 - E 5-F 6-D (7- A)

Повышенный уровень В 1

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений, обозначенных буквами А - G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The British system of national health insurance, comprising social security and the National Health Service, was thoroughly reorganized after World War II and is one of 1 ……………………. National health insurance is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Health and Social Security, which administers the payment of cash benefits for sickness and maternity. All employed and self-employed persons up to the age of 65 are eligible for benefits, and the funds for the program are derived from weekly 2 ……………………… Sickness benefits are payable up to pensionable age if a sufficient number of weekly contributions have been made. Maternity benefits include weekly allowances, before and after confinement, to women who ordinarily work, as well as certain cash grants.

The National Health Service administers the National Health Service Act, which went into effect in 1948. The cost of the program is met largely 3 ……………… Benefits, which are of unlimited duration, include hospital services, general medical services outside of hospitals, and local health services. Hospital services are provided 4…………………., for inpatient, outpatient, and day-patient care, including the services of specialists. General medical services include those of general practitioners and dental, pharmaceutical, and ophthalmic services. The local health services include maternity and child-welfare services, domiciliary nursing care, aftercare, immunization, and some mental-health services.