Подготовительные упражнения (стр. 3 )

A person may use all the facilities of the National Health Service, or only 5 …… He or she may, for example, make private arrangements with a practitioner for medical care and apply for free hospitalization. Practitioners are not required to participate in the program. Those who participate and work outside of hospitals receive a fee for each patient as well as a basic practice allowance. Participating physicians may 6 ……………….. Almost all of the hospitals in Great Britain are administered by the National Health Service. 

A. contributions by employers and employees

B the most comprehensive systems in operation

C a part of the service.

D also engage in private practice

E from public funds

F. in general and special hospitals

G 7. participate in their work

1	2	3	4	5	6

Ключи: 1 – B 2-A 3 –E 4 – F 5 –C 6 –D (7- G)

Высокий уровень B2

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А1 – А5, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.

WHAT MAKES A GOOD DOCTOR?

After C. P. Lance

At one of the hospitals in a certain town there worked two young doctors. Let's call them Dr. P. and Dr. Q. They were very good friends — these doctors, P. and Q., and they had been good friends for a long time. They had studied at the same medical school under the same professors, and, what was even more important in strengthening their friendship, they had lived in the same room during their course of studies.

Now they worked at the same hospital and always dis­cussed what was most interesting to both of them — how to treat their patients.1

Their approach to the problem was quite different, though they had studied under the same professors.

Dr. P. was for a thorough investigation of the patients' health and condition, for a set of thorough analyses before the patient's illness could be diagnosed. He was against chance taking any part in diagnosis.

As for Dr. Q., he said that a thorough investigation and sets of analyses were important, but could sometimes be wrong, and it was just as important for a doctor to use his talent, experience, and intuition when diagnosing a patient's illness, all the more so, since sometimes there was no time for a thorough investigation and analyses — something had to be done quickly to save the patient's life.

The nurses at the hospital thought Dr. P. to be a better doctor than his friend, for whatever he did, he always did it thoroughly. 'One feels sure with him,' they said. As for Dr. Q., some of the nurses thought that he took the treatment of his patients too lightly, because he sometimes diagnosed their illnesses at once, before making a thorough investiga­tion. It was true that he always diagnosed them correctly, but people thought that he was sometimes too quick in his decisions.

One day a worker was brought to the hospital. He had suddenly fallen ill at the plant where he worked. There hadn't been any accident. He had just fallen ill, and fallen seriously ill.

The doctors examined the man but could not diagnose his illness for sure. It was clear that the man was suffering greatly and that he took his suffering bravely. But what did he suffer from? — that was the question.

Dr. P. ordered a thorough investigation of the patient; but when Dr. Q. examined him, he thought that the man must be operated on at once. It seemed to him that he knew the man's illness. But how could the man be operated on before all the analyses were made, before one knew for sure what was wrong with him?

Late that night the man's condition became much worse, and he nearly died. It was Dr. Q. and the nurse on duty, who were with him all the time, who managed to save the man's life.

Next day, when the results of the analyses came, it became quite clear that an operation was absolutely necessary, and that valuable time had been lost.

After the operation the man felt better and was later able to go back to his work at the plant. Nothing terrible had happened. The man was well again.

A1. The nurses at the hospital thought Dr. P. to be a better doctor than his friend because

1. he was for a set of thorough analyses

2. he was for a thorough investigation of the patients' health and condition

3. he was against chance

4. for whatever he did, he always did it thoroughly

A2. The nurses at the hospital thought that Dr. Q. took the treatment of his patients too lightly because

1. he was against a set of thorough analyses

2. he was against a thorough investigation of the patients' health and condition

3. he diagnosed their illnesses at once

4. he was sometimes too quick

A3. One day was brought to the hospital.

1. a worker

2. a seriously ill worker

3. a worker from the plant

4. a suffering worker

A4. Dr. P. ordered a thorough investigation of the patient because

1. he didn’t know the illness

2. he couldn’t operate the man without analyses

3. Dr. Q. thought that the man must be operated on at once

4. they both couldn’t put the diagnose

A5. Dr. Q. thought that the man must be operated on at once because

1. he knew the man's illness

2. it seemed to him that he knew the man's illness

3. that valuable time would be lost

4. he thought that an operation was absolutely necessary

Ключи: A1 –4 A2 –3 A3 –2 A4 -2 A5 – 2

Говорение

Student Cards

Task 1 (3-4 min)

Give a talk on the topic “What benefits do people receive?”

Remember to speak about:

·  social payments;

·  different categories of citizens and their rights;

·  benefits, which are paid to different categories of people in Russia (the UK or the USA);

·  medical care through social programmes;

·  how elderly people live in different countries.

Task 2 (1, 5 -2 min)

You and some of your friends have come to a home for elderly people with presents. You want to know as much as possible about the life of these people and ask the director the following questions:

You are discussing the most important points of your work with your friend. You want to know:

·  who lives in the home;

·  why these people don’t live with their families;

·  if they are unable to look after themselves;

·  what they think about their life in the home;

·  what allowances they have;

·  what they can buy at a reduced prices.

You will start the conversation

Remember to:

·  be active and polite;

·  ask all the questions to get the necessary information.

Task 3 (4-5 min)

You and your friend are discussing contributions of different categories of people to our pare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society.

You have to decide which type of contribution is valued more by our society and explain why. Give specific reasons to support your answer.

You begin the conversation.

Remember to:

·  discuss all the points;

·  take an active part in the conversation and be polite;

·  come up with suggestions;

·  give reasons;

·  invite your partner to come up with suggestions;

·  find out your partner’s attitudes and take them into account;

·  come to an agreement.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B10 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B10.

Pensions in the USA

B4

In the United States, employers play a key role in _____________ workers save for retirement.

HELP

B5

About half of all privately employed people and most government employees _____________ by some type of pension plan.

COVER

B7

Employers are not required to sponsor pension plans, but the government _____________ them to do so by offering generous tax breaks if they establish and contribute to employee pensions.

ENCOURAGE

B6

The nature of employer-sponsored pensions _____________ sub­stantially during the final three decades of the 20th century.

CHANGE

B8

Many employers stopped offer­ing traditional "defined benefit" plans, which provide guaranteed, monthly payments to retirees _____________ on years of service and salary.

BASE

B9

In a defined contribution plan, the employer _____________ responsible for how pension money is invested and does not guarantee a certain benefit.

BE

B10

Moreover, with the post-war baby-boom generation due to retire early in the 21st century, politicians grew concerned that the government _____________ to pay all of its Social Security obligations without either reducing benefits or raising payroll taxes.

BE ABLE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами после номеров B11– B16 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B11 – B16.

Poverty and Inequality

B11

Americans are proud of their _____________ system, believing it provides opportunities for all citizens to have good lives.

ECONOMY

B12

Their faith is clouded, however, by the fact that poverty persists in many parts of the country. _____________ anti-poverty efforts have made some progress but have not eradicated the problem.

GOVERN

B13

_____________ periods of strong economic growth, which bring more jobs and higher wages, have helped reduce poverty but have not eliminated it entirely.

SIMILAR

B14

The federal government defines a minimum amount of income necessary for basic _____________ of a family of four.

MAINTAIN

B15

This amount may fluctuate depending on the cost of living and the _____________ of the family.

LOCATE

B16

The _____________ of people living below the poverty level dropped from 22.4 percent in 1959 to 11.4 percent in 1978. But since then, it has fluctuated in a fairly narrow range. In 1998, it stood at 12.7 percent.

PERCENT

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

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