Английский язык (стр. 3 )

1.  We are doing enough to protect ______ from pollution.

2.  The huge amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used on these farms ______ the water.

3.  People should be more concerned about the continuing ______ of the environment.

4.  The Japanese recycle more than half of their industrial ______.

5.  Harmful ______ are found in many rivers.

6.  The destruction of the rainforests is an ______ disaster that threatens the future of life on the Earth.

7.  About 60,000 different species of plants are in ______ today.

8.  Today the giant panda is one of the rarest ______ in the world.

9.  The environmental ______ is one of the most important problems for everyone because we all live in this world.

10. At present a thousand ______ of animals are almost extinct because we hunt them or damage their environment.

Ex. 7. Make up the sentences.

1.  World, wastes, pollutes, chemical, and, dust, with, industry, atmosphere, the.

2.  Year, people, of, millions, kill, every, animals.

3.  For, birds, thousands, other, of, hunt, years, to, humans, have, falcons, trained.

4.  Greenpeace, already, hunting, has, to, whale, helped, stop.

5.  The, of, could, destruction, consequences, these, forests, big, have, ecological, serious.

Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1.  Сегодня люди активно меняют естественную среду обитания живых существ для удовлетворения своих потребностей.

2.  Образ жизни людей нарушает хрупкий баланс живых существ в их естественной среде.

3.  Известно, что четверть мировой флоры находится на грани исчезновения.

4.  Наиболее серьёзной угрозой для растений является нарушение их естественной среды обитания. Это вырубка тропических лесов, осушение болотистых земель и превращение лугов в пахотные земли.

5.  Деревья рубят для получения древесины или расчистки места для ферм и рудников, однако вырубка лесов порождает немало будущих проблем, таких, как эрозия почвы, наводнения и засухи.

6.  Прибрежные заболоченные места являются местом размножения и нереста рыб, раков и креветок.

7.  Законы о сохранении этих земель, контроль загрязнения и менее интенсивное использование могли бы способствовать их восстановлению.

Ex. 9. Look through the following words before reading the text.

Pollution – загрязнение

certain – определённый

to breathe – дышать

pure water – чистая вода

housing – жильё

to shelter – укрывать, защищать, давать приют

community – сообщество

burned gas – отработанный газ, выхлопной газ

harmful – вредный

invisible – невидимый

to carry away – относить в сторону

current – поток, течение

to settle over – накрывать

disease – болезнь

to affect – влиять, воздействовать

lack – недостаток

to cut down (on) –сокращать

to reduce – уменьшать

efficient – рациональный, эффективный.

Ex.10. Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.

Text B

THE HAZARDS OF HUMAN POLLUTION OF NATURE

1.  Air pollution

We need certain things to stay alive and healthy. We need clean air to breathe and pure water to drink. We need also food that is safe to eat and housing to shelter us. But we can’t get all these things by ourselves. We live in larger communities so we can solve our health problems only working together.

Polluted air is a community problem. Air becomes polluted in many ways. Cars, trucks, buses and airplanes are among the worst polluters. They send partly burned gases into the air. Air can be also polluted by smoke and gases from factories; some of the harmful gases that pour into the air are invisible. Dirt, smoke, and gases in the air may be carried away by wind and by air currents, or settle over as a blanket of smog.

Air pollution can cause, or make worse diseases. They usually affect older people. But everyone may feel uncomfortable and suffer from lack of energy when air isn’t clean.

What do people do to cut down on air pollution?

Today, many factories use devices to reduce the smoke, dust, or harmful gases. Special kinds of gasoline for cars help reduce air pollution. More efficient engines can help too.

2. Sources of water pollution

Water pollution is caused by dumping wastes into lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water. Harmful wastes may also soak into the soil or drain or run off from fields that have been sprayed with pesticides. Pesticides are often used to kill insects and weeds in cities or on farms.

Polluted water can spread many diseases.

3. Disposing of solid waste

Every day people throw away amazing amounts of garbage and trash. What happens to these wastes after they are picked up by garbage trucks? Trucks take the garbage to out-of-the-way places called garbage dumps. Sometimes the trash is burned, causing air pollution. But the more healthy way to get rid of the solid wastes is to spread them over the land and pack them down. After that a thick layer of earth can be put down over the garbage, and trees and grass can be planted.

Ex. 11. Answer the following questions.

1.  What pollutes the air we breathe?

2.  How can air pollution affect our health?

3.  What can be done to help cut down on air pollution?

4.  How does water get polluted?

5.  What is wrong with dumping garbage in open dumps?

6.  What are some healthy ways to get rid of solid wastes?

7.  What can you say about environmental problems in your country?

8.  Do you do anything to solve environment problems?

Ex. 12. Find the English equivalents for:

Толстый слой; чистый воздух; распределить слоем; дым; сбрасывать; стекать; отходы; почва; сорняки; распылять; мусор и хлам; утрамбовать; пыль; освободиться от; собирать; решать проблемы; вредные газы; загрязнённая вода; пестициды.

Ex. 13. Translate the following sentences. State if the underlined words are nouns or verbs.

1.  Serious measures should be taken against waste of fresh water.

2.  Don’t waste the time!

3.  A great damage has been done to the republic’s agriculture.

4.  Several houses were damaged by the hurricane.

5.  Plants are nature resources which man always used and uses now.

6.  We planted trees and bushes in our new garden.

7.  The disappearance of forest areas harms the environment.

8.  If we think of the harm that the Chernobyl nuclear power station explosion has done it may be considered the greatest disaster of the 20th century.

9.  There are many forms of pollution in our world today.

10.  Information about the problems of pollution in many countries formed the basis of the report.

Ex. 14. Fill in the missing parts of the sentences according to the text.

1.  We need clean air ______ and pure water ______.

2.  Cars, trucks, buses and airplanes send ______ into the air.

3.  Some of the ______ that pour into the air are ______.

4.  Everyone may feel ______ and suffer from ______ when air isn’t clean.

5.  ______ are often used to kill insects and weeds in cities or on farms.

6.  People throw away amazing amounts of ______ every day.

7.  Sometimes ______, causing air pollution.

Ex. 15. Match the words with their definitions.

1) pollution	a) the usually white, grey, or black gas produced by things burning
2) dirt	b) used, damaged, or unwanted matter
3) smoke	c) the action of polluting or the state of being polluted
4) pesticide	d) an unwanted wild plant, especially one which prevents crops or garden flowers from growing properly
5) soil	e) any unclean substance, such as mud or dust
6) waste	f) damage or wrong
7) weed	g) the top covering of the earth in which plants grow
8) harm	h) a chemical substance used to kill pests

Ex. 16. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the following list: nature, smog, poisonous, global, destruction, greenhouse effect, holes, rain forest, harmony, nuclear.

1.  ______ is a thick dark unpleasant mist that is sometimes present in certain large cities because of all the smoke and waste gases.

2.  A lot of ______ waste from the chemical works goes into the river.

3.  The ______ of these big forests could have serious ecological consequences.

4.  People usually think of the ______ of South America, known for its many different species of plant and animal life.

5.  Farming on such bad land is a struggle against ______.

6.  In April, 1986 an accident happened at the Chernobyl ______ power station, situated on the territory of the Ukraine.

7.  The ecological problem is a ______ problem.

8.  Some people do not believe that the ______ exists, while others blame every change in the weather on it.

9.  Recently it has been found that there are ______ in the ozone layer, and scientists believe that the ozone layer is being damaged by the use of certain chemicals.

10. About 200 years ago man lived in greater ______ with the environment because industry was not much developed.

Ex.17. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1.  Живя в обществе, мы можем решать проблемы сохранения своего здоровья только сообща.

2.  Предприятия коптят и дымят, причём некоторые вредные газы, которые они выбрасывают в небо, могут оставаться невидимыми.

3.  Отходы, которые сливают в реки, озёра и другие водоёмы, загрязняют воду.

4.  Загрязнённая вода может стать источником многих болезней.