министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение
«Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени »
филиал в г. Северодвинске Архангельской области
Технический колледж
МАКАРОВА ОЛЬГА СЕМЕНОВНА
Контрольная работа
по дисциплине Английский язык
Методические указания
Северодвинск
2016
Автор: – преподаватель английского и немецкого языков
Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Английский язык»: Методические указания. – Северодвинск: технический колледж, 2016. – 67с.
Данные методические указания включают контрольные задания, практические рекомендации по их выполнению и оформлению, теоретические сведения по фонетическим и грамматическим аспектам английского языка, необходимые для правильного выполнения заданий, а также список источников для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Методические указания предназначены для студентов 3 курса всех специальностей заочной формы обучения.
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© 2016.
© Технический колледж
Усл. печ. л. 38
Вариант 1
Properties of Metals
The utility of any metal depends on its mechanical, physical, chemical and technological properties.
The mechanical properties determine the ability of a metal to resist the effect of mechanical loads. They depend on the chemical composition of a metal, its structure, the method of metalworking, and other factors. The mechanical properties of importance in metals for engineering purposes are strength, hardness, ductility, elasticity, toughness, creep and fatigue.
Strength is the resistance to external loads and stresses without breaking.
Hardness is the resistance of a metal to local penetration by a harder body.
Ductility is the ability of a metal that allows them to be changed in shape without breaking and to retain the changed shape after the load has been removed.
Elasticity is the ability of a metal to return its original size and shape after removal of external load.
Toughness is the resistance of a material to breaking when there is a crack in it. For material of given toughness, the stress at which it will fail is inversely proportional to the square root of the size of the largest defect present.
Creep is the property of metals to prolong slowly and continuously under externally applied constant loads in the conditions of high and increased temperatures. The gradual loosening of bolts and the deformation of components of machines and engines are all the examples of creep.
Fatigue is the growth of cracks under stress. It occurs when a mechanical part is subjected to a repeated or cyclic stress, such as vibration. As a result the metal gradually converts from the plastic to the brittle state.
The basic physical properties of metals are colour, density, fusibility, electrical and heat conductivity, heat capacity, thermal expansion and magnetism.
Colour is the property of a metal to produce a visual sensation in accordance with the spectrum and intensity of the visible radiation which the metal reflects or absorbs. Most of the metals are silvery white or grey in colour. Copper is the only red metal, and gold the only yellow one, although a number of copper-base alloys are also yellow. All solid metals have metallic luster.
Density of a metal is its mass per unit volume. It is measured in kilograms per cubic meter. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 but most materials have a higher density and sink in water.
Fusibility is the conversion of a metal from the solid to the liquid state at a definite melting temperature. The melting point of iron is + 15280C, of copper +10830C, of tin + 2320C and mercury 390C below zero.
Electrical conductivity is the capacity of a metal to conduct an electric current.
Heat conductivity is the property of a metal to conduct heat. Silver, copper, and aluminum are the best conductors of heat.
Heat capacity is the ability of a metal to absorb a definite amount of heat during heating.
Thermal expansion is the property of a metal to expand on heating and contract on cooling.
Magnetism is the metal property associated with magnetic interaction. Iron, nickel, cobalt, and their alloys, called ferromagnetic alloys, display good magnetic properties and find the widest application for electric motors, generators and transformers.
The chemical properties of metals and alloys determine the ability of these materials to resist attack by moisture, air, acids and other corrodents. The chemical properties of metals include high-temperature strength, heat-resistance and corrosion resistance.
In addition to physicochemical and mechanical properties metals possess technological properties. These are weldability, malleability, workability and other properties.
Weldability is the ability of metals to form strong permanent joints between metal pieces by heating the surfaces to be welded to the plastic or liquid state.
Malleability is the property of a metal to be worked under pressure in forging, rolling and stamping. This property enables a metal to get the desired shape in the cold or hot state.
Workability is the ability of a metal to lend itself to any kind of metalworking
TEXT-BASED ASSIGNMENTS
LANGUAGE STUDY
1. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык. Слова, выделенные курсивом, имеют несколько значений. Уточните их значение по словарю.
mechanical, physical, chemical, technological, effect, composition, structure, method, elasticity, stress, crack, defect, prolong, condition, bolt, deformation, cyclic, vibration, magnetism, thermal expansion, sensation, intensity, cubic meter, to associate, attack, corrodent.
2. Сопоставьте русские и английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений.
- property strength hardness ductility elasticity toughness creep fatigue density fusibility heat capacity heat conductivity weldability malleability melting point твердость усталость теплопроводность ударная вязкость свойство пластичность ковкость точка плавления ползучесть свариваемость плавкость прочность теплоемкость упругость плотность
3. Приведите русские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений.
External loads, resistance of a metal, local penetration, original size, inversely proportional, constant loads, visual sensation, visible radiation, to reflect or absorb, silvery white, copper-base alloy, metallic luster, conversion of a metal, to conduct an electric current, magnetic interaction, high-temperature strength, heat-resistance, corrosion resistance.
4. Найдите слова, близкие по значению.
a) the utility, to determine, ability, to allow, to fail, to occur, amount, to possess
b) to destroy, to define, property, to happen, to have, to permit, number, the use
5. Сгруппируйте слова, противоположные по значению и переведите их.
a) external, to retain, to expand, heating, liquid, to increase, permanent
b) cooling, short-lived, solid, to change, internal, to contract, to decrease
6. Образуйте наречия с помощью суффикса –ly и переведите их.
Usual, inverse, slow, continuous, external, gradual, quick
TEXT STUDY
7. Определите, соответствуют ли следующие предложения содержанию текста.
The utility of any metal depends on only its mechanical property. Copper is the only red metal. The melting point of mercury is 390C above zero. All solid metals have metallic luster. Creep is the property of metals to prolong quickly and continuously under externally applied constant loads in the conditions of high and increased temperatures. Hardness is the resistance of a metal to local penetration by a harder body. Malleability enables a metal to get the desired shape in the cold or hot state. Heat conductivity is the property of a metal to conduct current. Iron, nickel, cobalt, and their alloys find the widest application for electric motors, generators and transformers.8. Завершите предложения, подобрав соответствующие окончания в правом столбце.
The mechanical properties depend on… Fatigue occurs when … Density is … Silver, copper, and aluminum are … The chemical properties of metals and alloys … The ability of a metal to lend itself to any kind of metalworking is … Density, fusibility and heat
capacity are …
The ability of a metal to absorb a definite amount of heat during heating is …a) heat capacity
b) determine the ability of these materials to resist attack by moisture, air, acids and other corrodents.
c)measured in kilograms per cubic meter.
d) the best conductors of heat.
e)a mechanical part is subjected to a repeated or cyclic stress.
f) the chemical composition of a metal, its structure and the method of metalworking.
g) workability.
h) the physical properties
GRAMMAR REVIEW
11. Переведите на русский язык, выделенные в текс е курсивом выражения. Объясните, какие грамматические явления они представляют.
12. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на разные грамматические функции и различные значения омонимичных слов that, those.
For many centuries men were interested in metals that occurred in the free state and those that were obtained by simple metallurgical processes. It is the number of electrons within the atom that determines the basic properties of the element. Metals usually possess hardness, that is, the ability to withstand repeated stresses. Most of metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. That is why they are widely used for cables. This new material possesses better properties than that used in the old installation.13. Переведите предложения, предварительно определив, какой частью речи являются выделенные шрифтом слова.
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