3. Answer the questions:
What is a computer? What are the two possible states of the switches? What are the main functions of a computer? What is the basic task of a computer? In what form does a computer accept information? What is a program? What are data? What three basic capabilities have computers? What are the ways of inputting information into the computer? What is the function of an input device? What devices are used for outputting information?4. Тranslate the following combinations into English and find them in the text:
Сложная сеть электронных цепей; управлять (приводить в действие) переключателями; хранить (запоминать) числа; обрабатывать символы; посредством ввода сигналов; включать; выключать; обработка информации; информация в виде команд; выполнять математические операции; обеспечивать необходимую информацию; устройство ввода; считывать информацию; вывод информации; принимать решения; находить решения; дать требуемую информацию; электрические импульсы; мгновенно производить огромное количество математических операций.
plete sentences using the text:
| The basic job of computers is The computer's input device A computer can carry out great numbers of A computer can solve a series of Memory The machine is capable of storing and | manipulating numbers, letters, and characters. arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously. problems and make thousands of logical decisions without becoming tired. processing of information. provides the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer. reads the information into the computer. |
6. Put pairs of synonyms from the list of given bellow words:
For example: A. to perform, to exercise, to carry out;
B. a man, a person, a human being.
Verbs: to turn on, to provide, to type, to accept, to help, to learn, to observe, to call, to tell, to keep, to feed, to solve, to relate, to switch off, to communicate, to receive, to supply, to switch on, to assist, to print, to study, to input, to turn off, to decide, to store, to say, to name, to watch.
Nouns: work, machine, fundamentals, display, application, capabilities, job, storage, screen, state, basics, use, concept, specialist, journal, character, memory, idea, expert, magazine, position, symbol, command, data, solution, device, instruction, powers, information, decision.
Adjectives: basic, tiny, common, small, main, significant, routine, general, remarkable, uninterested, intricate, important, wonderful, complex, little.
Adverbs: rapidly, probably, instantaneously, in a moment, quickly, perhaps.
7 . Fill in the blanks with the proper answer given below:
1. Information is given into the computer in the form of…
a) ideas; b) characters; c) rules
2. The basic function of a computer is …information.
a) to switch; b) to keep; c) to process
3. The data needed for solving problems are kept in the
a) memory; b) input device; c) output device
4. Inputting information into the computer is realized by means of …..
a) a printer; b) letters; c) diskettes
5. A computer can carry out arithmetic-logical operations… .
a) quickly; b) instantaneously; c) during some minutes
a) environment; b) management; c) government.
8. Match the columns:
puter | a) a machine by which information is received from the computer. |
2. Memory | b) information given in the form of characters |
3. Data | c) a device capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters and characters. |
4. Input device | d) an electronic machine that processes data under the control of a stored program. |
5. Output device | e) a disk drive reading the information into the computer. |
UNIT 23. TEST 4
1. Read the text and make activities after it:
Personal computers
Computer is an electronic device that can receive a program (a set of instructions) and then carry out this program by calculating numerical information.
The modern world of high technology is possible mainly due to the development of the puters have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.
Personal computers are also called microcomputers or home computer. The most compact are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries.
Personal computers are designed for use at homes, schools, and offices. At home they can be used for home management (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music. Schoolchildren can use computers for doing their homework and many schools now have computers for independent learning and computer-literacy studies. In the office personal computers may be used for word processing, bookkeeping, storage and handling of necessary information.
Personal computers were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer's CPU to the size of a single silicon chip.
Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974.
In 1981, IBM Company offered its own microcomputer model, the IBM PC that became a necessary tool for almost every business. The PC's use of a 16-bit microprocessor initiated the development of faster and more powerful personal computers, and its use of an operating system that was available to all other computer makers led to a standardization of the industry.
In the mid-1980s, a number of other developments were especially important for the growth of personal computers. One of these was the introduction of a powerful 32-bit CPU capable of running advanced operating systems at high speeds.
Another innovation was the use of conventional operating systems, such as UNIX, OS/2 and Windows. The Apple Macintosh computers were the first to allow the user to select icons — graphic symbols of computer functions — from a display screen instead of typing commands. New voice-controlled systems are now available, and users are able to use the words and syntax of spoken language to operate their personal computers.
2. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:
| electronic device storage receive a program operating system icon at high speeds CPU integrated circuits technical innovations numerical information communication systems automation built-in-batteries logical operations | на высоких скоростях коммуникационные системы электронное устройство ЦПУ технические инновации хранить операционная система числовая информация получать программу пиктограмма интегрированные схемы встроенные батареи логические операции автоматизация |
3. Translate the international words:
Program, era, manufacturing, communication, logical, technical, innovations, numerical, operating, graphic.
4. Answer the questions:
What is a personal computer? What are laptops? What main technical innovations were made possible the personal computer by? What functions of the personal computer do you know?5. Complete the sentences choosing the best variant:
1) The IC permitted the … 2) The Apple Macintosh computers were the first to allow the user … 3) The PC’s use of a 16-bit microprocessor initiated… 4) The CPU calculates, … 5) The modern world of high technology is possible … | the development of faster and more powerful personal computers. the development of faster and more powerful personal computers. performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, manages data. miniaturization of computer - memory circuits. due to the development of the computer. to select icons. |
UNIT 24. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS
1. Translate the following text in written form:
Notes:
to maintain records — вести учет
deposits and withdrawal — вклады и изъятие (выемка)
guidance — наведение (на цель); управление; руководство
on-board environment — бортовое окружение
pattern recognition — распознавание образов
Computers find application in astronomy and upper atmosphere research. Weather forecasting, library information services can benefit from computers too. It is interesting to note that computers are widely used in medicine. They became valuable medical diagnostic puters are used for optical scanning and image processing, ranging from pattern recognition to image processing. Technicians can operate computer tomography scanners which combine x-rays with computer technology to give sectional views of the body of patients. The views then can be combined into a single image shown on the screen. It should be noticed that learning on a computer can be fun. Students spend more time with computer-aided instruction performing the assigned task, as compared with conventional classroom. At last air traffic control is impossible without computer application. It fully depends upon computer-generated information. Many other uses of computers that we cannot imagine at present will become commonplace in the transition from an industrial to post industrial, or information society.
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