Иностранный язык (стр. 8 )

The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.

The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput­ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.

It is considered that computers have many remarkable powers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.

First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.

Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn't feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn't be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.

Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: "Who would win the war between two countries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? And, is one number greater than another?

A computer can solve a series of problems and make thousands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.

A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.

Фонд оценочных средств для проведения промежуточной аттестации обучающихся по дисциплине

Оценки по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» на зачетах и экзамене, вносимые в экзаменационную ведомость и зачетную книжку, отражают не только итоги сдачи зачета и экзамена, но и результаты текущей работы студента в течение периода обучения. Для набора рейтинга студент должен выполнить предусмотренный объем работы, каждый аспект которой оценивается определенным числом баллов. Рейтинг учитывает приобретение студентами компетенций, предусмотренных программой.

При изучении дисциплины студент проходит шесть контрольных работ. Форма рубежного контроля – зачет, контрольная работа является частью зачета. Зачет входит в систему оценки работы студента. Оценка по нему, выраженная в процентах, является частью итогового рейтинга, набранного студентом при освоении дисциплины.

Максимально возможный нормативный рейтинг составляет 100 % за один модуль. Проходной рейтинг – 60 % от норматива – это минимальная сумма, набрав которую студент считается аттестованным по данной дисциплине. Фактически рейтинг студента – это сумма баллов, набранная им при изучении дисциплины. Студент, накапливая баллы, зарабатывает рейтинг, который в итоге отражает его учебную состоятельность.

Модуль 1 (семестр I) What is that? [A — They / В — It / С — There] is my computer. My brother is [A — one /B — a/C~ an] officer. [A — This/ В— These/С— That] flowers are very beau­tiful. Are [A — those / В — that / С — there] books interest­ing? [A — It has/В — It is/С — There is] a dog in the gar­den. I [A — has / В— have / С— had] to go to the library tomorrow. Kate is here, but her parents [A — isn't/ В — wasn't/ С— aren't]. You ought [A — stay/В— to stay/ С— staying] at home. He should /А — write/ В— to write/ С— writing] a let­ter. Mike [A - like/ В— likes/С — can] to speak English. I hope you've got [A — a / В — any / С— some] money. Do you want [A — know/ В— to know/C — knowing] the news? We've got [A — a few/В— a little/С — a number] ap­ples left. There aren't [A — a lot/ В— many / С— much] people here today. [A — Is/В— Has/ С— Does] she get up early every day? Were you in Moscow last year? — No, I [A — didn't/В— weren't / С — wasn't]. I [A — have never been /В — was never /С — am never being] to Moscow yet. [A —Isn't / B — Doesn't/ С— Hasn't] she going to clean the room today? The boys [A — play / В — is playing /C — are playing] football at the moment. She [A — caught/В— catches /C - will catch] the 7. 30 train yesterday. Kate [A — loses/В— has lost/ С— lost] her pencils very often. [A — Did you do/ B — Do you do/C — Have you done] much work yesterday? He [A ~ hurries/В~ hurried/С — is hurrying] because he was late. Who is she looking [A — on/В— at/С — to]? Our holidays are [A — in / В— at/ С — on] August. What’s the matter [A — by/B — on/C — with] him? This book is [A — my / В— me / С — mine]. Don't help him. He will do everything [A — myself/ В— himself/ С — yourself]. We are playing [A — ours / В — our/ С— us] favorite game. It is much [A — warm / В— warmer/ С— more warm] here. She is not as old [A — that / B — than /C — as] me. Ann is [A — very/В— more/С — much] intelligent than Max. Yesterday was the [A — shortest/ В — most short/ С —very short] day this year. We’ll listen to Professor's lecture and [A — therefore/В - then/С — than] we’ll have a break. He is the [A – very good/ В — best/C — better] student in the group. [A— Where/B— Why/C— Who] wrote that letter? She went home early [A — because/В — while/С — till] she had finished her work. [A–Who/ В - Where/С - When] did you put my book? [A-How/B - Why/C - Where] is Bill?-Very well, thanks. He drives [A — more careful / В — very carefully / С —very careful].

Модуль  II (семестр I)

[A — This/В— These/C— That] pictures are very good. My mother is [A — one/ B — a/C— an] doctor. What is that? [A — They/B — It/C— There] is my bicycle. Are//A — those/В — that/ С — there] games very interesting? [A — It has/В — It is/C — There is] a cat on the sofa. We [A — has/В — have/C — had] to do some shopping tomorrow. You ought [A — stay/ B— to stay/C — staying] at home. Pete should [A — send / В— to send / С — sending] a telegram. Alice[A — like/ В — tikes/С — can] to speak Italian. I hope you've got [A — a/B — any /C — some] money. Do you want [A — know / В — to know / С — knowing] the news? They've got [A— a few / B— a little / C— a number] oranges left. There aren't/A — a lot/B — many / С— much] people in the hall today. [A — Is/ B— Has / С— Does] mother get up early every day? Were you in Kiev last year? — No, I [A — didn't/B —weren 't/C— wasn 't]. I [A — have never been / В — was never /С— am never being] to Kiev yet. Ann is here, but her parents [A — isn't/В — wasn't/C — aren't]. [A — Isn't/В— Doesn't/C — Hasn't] she going to cook dinner today? They [A — watch / B— is watching / С — are watching] TV now. We [A — caught/B — catches/C— will catch] the 6. 30 bus yesterday. Mike [A — loses/B— has lost/C— lost] his pen very often. [A — Did you do / В— Do you do / С — Have you done] much work yesterday? Nick [A — hurries / В — hurried/С— is hurrying] because he was late. Who is he waiting [A —on/В —for/ С — top. Their holidays are [A — in/B— at/С— on] June. What's the matter [A — by/ В — on / С — with] you? This book is [A — us / В— our/ С— ours]. Don't help her. She will do everything [A — myself/ B —herself/C— himself]. We are going to [A — ours/В— our/С—us] favorite shop. It is much [A — cold/ B— colder /C— more cold] today than it was yesterday. He is not as old [A — that / В— than / С — as] I am. Ann is [A — very/В — more/С — much] intelligent than Nick.

33. Yesterday was the [A — hottest / В — most hot/C— very hot] day this year.

He is the /A — very bad / В — worst / С — worse] pupil in the group. [A — Where/В — Why/С— Who] wrote that letter? She went home early [A — because/ В — while/ С— with] she had finished her work. [A - Who/ В - Where /C - When] did you put my book? [A - How/В - Why/С - Where] is Bill? - Very well, thanks. We'll finish our lesson and [A — then / В— than / С —therefore] we’ll have a break. He drives [A — more quick/ В — very quickly / С— very quick]. Модуль1 (семестр II)

Variant I