Задания (стр. 2 )

Задание 8

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Pricing Policies

The prices that any firm can charge for its merchandise are subject to many influences. Some or all of the following considerationscies, market strategy, manufacturers suggested prices, and seasonal nature of sales, elastic demand, price lining, and target return pricing. A word about each of these factors will introduce us to the total scene of setting prices. Fair trade laws allow the manufacturer to make agreements with dealers who retail the product on the price at which it can be sold to the petitor prices on similar lines must be recognized when active competition exists between firms.

Market strategy is policy of setting prices and quality in a range not served by competitors. Manufacturer suggested prices are designed by manufacturers to protect the quality image of their products and to

protect profit margins for the individual retailer. Seasonal nature of sales can affect pricing policy by making it possible to alter prices with the high and low seasons of sales volume. Elastic demand suggests

lower prices. Price lining is a policy of keeping merchandise if fairly well defined price ranges. Target return pricing involves adding a desired percentage return on investment or a specific dollar amount return to

total fixed costs in setting retail prices.

Initial prices on merchandise must cover all these items: markdowns, shortages, damaged merchandise, employee discounts, operating expenses, cost of goods sold, and profits.

Bариант 3

Задание 1

Перепишите и переведите условные предложения, обращая внимание на употребленные в них формы глаголов.

1. We won’t be able to solve this problem unless we consult the production manager of the plant.

2. If you don’t hurry I’ll consult the financial manager.

3. If you agreed to compare the models it would make your choice easier.

Задание 2

Перепишите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The shipment of the equipment will start in the shortest possible time.

2. We would like to look into the matter more carefully before we give you our reply.

3. These machines are as expensive as that ones.

Задание 3

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You must send the Notification of Readiness to the Buyers immediately.

2. We’ll be able to begin the shipment of the equipment in November.

3. The customers are to be supplied with the first lot of goods not later than June this year.

4. We cannot promise prompt delivery since we have taken very large orders at the exhibition.

Задание 4

Перепишите предложение и составьте к нему общий, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный вопросы.

This personal computer model meets the buyer’s interests.

Задание 5

Перепишите и переведите предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

1. If your goods are of good quality and we receive an acceptable offer, we will place large orders with you.

2. The Company sells its goods to many countries.

3. They increased their turnover greatly and got higher profits.

Задание 6

Перепишите предложения. Трансформируйте их в страдательный залог, запишите и переведите получившиеся предложения.

1. They hold international fairs and exhibitions every year.

2. We are enclosing the catalogue and our current price-list.

3. We have achieved good results in tests of our electronic equipment.

Задание 7

Перепишите, вставляя вместо точек нужные предлоги, и переведите предложения.

The pumps … this company are more reliable … operation as compared … pumps of other companies, and all the customers are satisfied … the capacity… pumps. The company is interested … selling their goods and it can guarantee shipment … the goods … seven days. The company delivers their goods … markets … Europe.

Задание 8

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Small Businesses

Today small businesses are the heart of the market economy. There are a great number and variety of small businesses. People become owners and operators of small business firms in one of three

ways: start a new firm, buy a franchise, buy or inherit an existing firm.

Small firms have been established to do just about any kind of business imaginable. They have been established to manufacture and distribute goods, to sell them at retail and to provide all kinds

of services.

The vast majority of small firms concentrate on selling material products, although an increasing number of firms provide a service. Small firms actually have advantages over large firms in many cases. One advantage of small firms is that they often grow into large firms. The advantages of the small firms are: they have much flexibility when new product or ideas are being tried; a small firm is easier to supervise, and a small firm owners have the advantage of being close to employees, and this makes them able to maintain better morale efficiency in the firm.

Small firms are often said to lab our under such disadvantages as inability to secure competent employees, the inability to cope with monopolistic practices, the inability to finance expansion, tax burdens, lack of research facilities and the problem of making a new firm or product known in its market. But many of the disadvantages of small firms could be overcome with positive planning.

Вариант 4

Задание 1

Перепишите и переведите условные предложения, обращая внимание на употребленные в них формы глаголов.

1. We won’t be able to make our choice unless you show us the modified model of the scanner.

2. If you wait a minute I’ll contact the test department and find out when they are going to test this model.

3. If you agreed to visit our plant we might show you many interesting things.

Задание 2

Перепишите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Our TV-sets are manufactured according to the highest standards.

2. We can’t guarantee the reliability of our machines for a longer period.

3. The better is the equipment the higher are the prices.

Задание 3

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They can supply us with the computers in March.

2. You should go to the bank today, as it doesn’t work tomorrow.

3. May I cash the cheque here?

4. I will have to fill in these forms in English.

Задание 4

Перепишите предложение и составьте к нему общий, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный вопросы.

The turnover and net profit are increasing rapidly.

Задание 5

Перепишите предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

1. Payment for collection suits us.

2. They improved their order to forty-five units.

3. We’ll deliver the computing machines in the first half of October.

Задание 6

Перепишите предложения. Трансформируйте их в страдательный залог, запишите и переведите получившиеся предложения.

1. They negotiated the conditions of the purchase with the sellers.

2. We’ll buy all the materials as soon as possible.

3. Our customers have studied all the technical characteristics of the unit.

Задание 7

Перепишите, вставляя вместо точек нужные предлоги, и переведите предложения.

The guarantee period which the company offered … their computers was 12 months … the date …putting them … operation and 15 months … the date … delivery. The Buyer found it rather short and wanted it to be extended … two and four months respectively. But the company agreed to extend it only … 13 and 17 months. As the Seller was responsible … the defects which were found … the equipment, they had to correct them … their expense.

Задание 8

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Selling on credit

Trade credit is credit extended from one business firm to another. Consumer credit is credit given by retailers to their customers, who are the final users of the products or services sold. Sales by manufacturers and wholesalers are almost always made on credit basis. Retail sales on credit are about half of the total retail sales in the country. Our business world could not operate without credit. There is not enough currency and coin in the country to finance business transactions carried on every day. Total bank deposits exceed the actual money in the country several times over. The key is credit extended throughout the economy. A good credit standing is essential to business success. Business owners must look for a good credit standing of firms or individuals to whom they grant credit. There are at least four basic types of consumer credit accounts. Open accounts are ordinary charge. With this type of account the customer charges all pur-chases throughout the month and is expected to pay the total charges when a statement is sent by the firm. Revolving accounts were designed for customers who live with external indebtedness. The firm sets an upper limit to the amount that may be charged, and any purchase below that limit are automatically approved for credit sale. Installment accounts were specifically designed to make possible the sale on credit of larger purchases. The customer makes a down payment preferably at least 20 % of the total purchase price, and the balance is spread over a monthly payment plan.

Вариант 5

Задание 1

Перепишите и переведите условные предложения, обращая внимание на употребленные в них формы глаголов.

1. What discount will you give us if we place a trial order for 500 office desks and 500 chairs?

2. If you agreed to revise you prices we might think of a beneficial deal.

3. We do not plan to speed up delivery unless we receive their instructions.

Задание 2

Перепишите предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Those firms that supplement established demand with promoted demand show much better sales volumes and profits.

2. Almost without exception, additional advertising and promotion brings in greater sales volume.