Без имени (стр. 6 )

Safety instructions when working in gas industry:

During the safety meeting  the dangers of H2S are discussed and emergency procedures are reviewed. Portable monitors are to be placed between the worker and the source of H2S or in a confined space. Staying upwind of the facility in the event of a leak should help keep you out of danger. Periodic drills should be held in the work area allowing you to become proficient in the use of the breathing equipment. When workers wearing breathing apparatus are required to work inside vessels or tanks there must always be a helper who will have rescue (спасательный) equipment available and ready for use. In case of the accident the employee should use the provided respiratory protection in accordance with instructions and training received. Use Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus systems as a remote source of breathing  air that can supply air to several workers.
Ask 10 questions оn the text(составьте 10 различных вопросов по содержанию текста): General (общий) - 2, Special (специальный) — 3, Alternative (альтернативный) - 3, Disjunctive (разделительный) - 2: Determine the tense form of the verbs and translate the sentences into Russian (определите время глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения): The scientific investigations of the sea depths are being carried on for many years. As time went on, the Urals were being destroyed by the action of water, sun and air. The tasks which had seemed eternal before have been solved by computers. Переведите предложения на русский язык, принимая во внимание место предлога при бессоюзном подчинении: The city he lived in was very small. The investigations our scientists carry on are connected with magnetism and electricity. The story everybody laughed at was written by Zoschenko. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the difference in the translation of the  Objective Infinitive Construction and the Subjective Infinitive Construction (переведите предложения на русский  язык, учитывая разницу в переводе инфинитивных  конструкций): My granny did not guess me to have broken her favorite vase a long time. Our scientists are said to invent a new original instrument. The first radio-set is known to have been invented by the Italian engineer Markony. I did not even imagine him to know three foreign languages. Translate the sentences into Russian (переведите предложения на русский язык): If I had a country house, I’d spend summer in it. If she had been more attentive she would not have done so many mistakes. If young people had known his telephone number, they would have warned him.

TEST 4

Variant 14

Translate the text (Переведите текст):

  THE THREE STATES OF MATTER 

We have already seen that substances can exist in the solid, liquid and gaseous states, but  let us now try to appreciate  the different conditions of the molecules in the three states. Water, whether it be (будь то) solid, liquid or gas, consist of similar molecules, but they have different restrictions (ограничения) put upon their movements in the different states.

In all three states the molecules are moving, i. e. they possess  kinetic energy.

When a substance is heated the molecules move quicker: they are given more kinetic energy. Heat is the kinetic energy of the molecules. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules, for, at any instant, they do not all move with the same speed. If they did, their speeds would all be different the next instant due to collisions.

  Рис. 1.1

Solids. In a solid the molecules are free to vibrate only about their main positions and cannot move about freely: the mutual effect of the molecules on each other binds  them together. When a solid is heated, the molecules vibrate more quickly and so take up more room. Therefore expansion occurs. Further heating eventually gives them so much energy that they are able to break loose from the bonds  which hold them together. This is melting  and the molecules become free to move about.

The vibration of the molecules can be compared with that (the vibration) of a ball on the end of a piece of elastic. Quickening the vibrations causes it to go farther and finally to break the elastic “anchoring” it.

Liquids. The molecules in a liquid are free to move about but cannot, except under special circumstances, escape through the surface. Any molecule at the surface is attracted by molecules which are on one side of it only, and so exert a resultant inward force. To overcome this inward force, a molecule must have a high speed in the upward direction. A few of the fastest moving molecules may have just the necessary speed at the correct moment and so they will leave the liquid to become vapour  molecules. This is evaporation.

Gases. The molecules in a gas have complete freedom and are confined only by the walls of the containing vessel. Their impacts with the walls constitute the pressure which a gas exerts. An increase in the speeds of the molecules, due to a rise in temperature, increase the effect of the impacts and so increase the pressure.

Ask 10 questions оn the text(составьте 10 различных  вопросов по содержанию текста): General (общий) - 2, Special (специальный) — 3, Alternative (альтернативный) - 3, Disjunctive (разделительный) - 2: Determine the tense form of the verbs and translate the sentences into Russian (определите время глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения): A new plant was built near the mountain  Magnitnaya in a short period of  using echoes coming back from the sea floor, the scientists mapped the shape of the Tuscarora deep. They had been given new tasks before June, but they have not yet finished the work. Переведите предложения на русский язык, принимая во внимание место предлога при бессоюзном подчинении: The house he lived in was nice and comfortable. The girl I danced with was my friend's sister. The report he delivered at the conference concerned chemistry. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the difference in the translation of the  Objective Infinitive Construction and the Subjective Infinitive Construction (переведите предложения на русский язык, учитывая разницу в переводе инфинитивных конструкций): I  didn't know her to sing so well. The strong earthquake was reported to happen in the mountains of South America. We consider Andrew to be worth to become the monitor of the group. Translate the sentences into Russian (переведите предложения на русский язык): If I were you, I wouldn’t trust this man. If he looked critically at himself he would notice his mistakes. If I win a large sum of money, I will buy a new car.

TEST 4

Variant 15

Translate the text (Переведите текст):

  Natural Gas.

Crude oil and natural gas are the raw materials of the oil and gas industry.

Oil matters cannot be properly considered without reference to natural gas, for the two products are closely associated in their common origin, characteristics and occurrence. Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons of high calorific value (теплотворная способность). Generally it may be dissolved in the crude or it may be found in formations entirely separated from oil. The gas may be “wet” or “dry” – and accordingly give varying yields of natural gasoline.

Its preparation and utilization. Three methods are used for the separation of liquid gas: compression – condensation, absorption and adsorption.

         The most important method is washing with an absorption oil at a minimum pressure of 35 atm in an absorber-cooler. All hydrocarbons above propane are dissolved and methane-ethane, and propane-containing “dry” gas enter the pipeline. On heating the wash oil gives off  the absorbed liquid gases. These are condensed and first “ stabilized” by pressure distillation for further separation of dissolved gases and then fractionated by distillation in several columns.

From the bore hole the oil passes first into a separator which consists of a container (резервуар) equipped with baffle plates. Here the separation of the gas is carried out. In many cases the oil  is separated from  water and salt at the oilfield and is stabilized to save transport costs. The crude oil is then collected in tanks or in large concrete-lined pits.

Gas separators with centrifugal elements are intended for gas separation from liquid drops and solids and mainly used as inlet, intermediate and final ones for field natural gas processing, for underground gas storage, at gas distribution stations, as well as in associated petroleum gas treatment and processing plants.

                                 

  Рис. 1  A gas separator with centrifugal elements

  Preliminary (предварительный) gas separation, absorption, final separation are made in gas dehydration absorber (further referred to as absorber). Absorber  is used for preliminary natural gas and associated petroleum gas separation from liquid and solid impurities, for gas dehydration by liquid sorbents and for liquid solid additional separation, when it is entrained by dehydrated gas flow.

  Рис. 2  An absorber

Through the inlet nozzle feed (влажный) gas enters the inlet separation section, where liquid droplets and solids are partially separated from the gas. Separated liquid is drawn off. Gas flows to the mass transfer section, where it is dehydrated by diethylene glycol (DEG). After the final separation in the final separation section gas is drawn off through the outlet nozzle (через штуцер газа).

Ask 10 questions оn the text(составьте 10 различныхвопросовпосодержаниютекста): General (общий) - 2, Special (специальный) — 3, Alternative (альтернативный) - 3, Disjunctive (разделительный) - 2: Determine the tense form of the verbs and translate the sentences into Russian (определите время глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения): Computers are being used more and more extensively in the world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. On St Valentine`s Day presents are exchanged or red roses are given as a sign of love. For the first time, one of the basic molecules of life has been discovered in space. Переведите предложения на русский язык, принимая во внимание место предлога при бессоюзном подчинении: The house he lived in was old and gloomy. The law I am speaking about applies to gases. The girl I danced with was my friend's sister. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the difference in the translation of the  Objective Infinitive Construction and the Subjective Infinitive Construction (переведите предложения на русский язык, учитывая разницу в переводе инфинитивных  конструкций): I didn'tknow her to sing so well. I think him to complete this work on Tuesday. The strong earthquake was reported to happen in the mountains of South America. Victor is said to graduate from the institute and work in a good firm. Translate the sentences into Russian (переведите предложения на русский язык): If I were you I should attend people more heartily. If he looked critically at himself he would notice his mistakes. If you’d spoken politely, he wouldn’t have been angry.