Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины «История и культура Великобритании» (стр. 1 )

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФГОУ ВПО «ЮЖНЫЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ ИСТИТУТ»

КАФЕДРА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

«УТВЕРЖДАЮ»___________________

Руководитель ПИ ЮФУ, проф.

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЛЕКС

ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

История и культура Великобритании

для студентов заочного отделения ПИ ЮФУ,

обучающихся по специальности

031 201- Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур

Ростов-на-Дону

2009

Составитель: , кандидат филологических наук, доцент

Учебно-методический комплекс утвержден на заседании кафедры английского языка

протокол №_____от_________________20__г.

Заведующая кафедрой: , доцент

Учебно-методический комплекс принят в фонд учебно-методического управления ПИ ЮФУ

_____________________________________________________20__г.

Учебно-методический комплекс утвержден ученым советом ПИ ЮФУ

Пр. №_____ от________________20__г.

Председатель ученого совета ПИ ЮФУ,

Руководитель ПИ ЮФУ, проф.

Структура и содержание программы учебной дисциплины

1.  Наименование учебной дисциплины: «История и культура Великобритании»

2.  Специальность: 031201 – «Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур»

3.  Курс: 2

4.  Форма обучения: заочная

5.  Семестр: 4

6.  Общее количество часов на 2 курсе - 75, из них аудиторных – 10

Пояснительная записка

Программа составлена в соответствии с требованиями государственного образовательного стандарта Высшего специального профессионального образования к обязательному минимуму содержания и уровню подготовки специалистов по специальности 031201 – «Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур»

Курс «История и культура стран изучаемого языка» имеет целью изучение и практическое применение системы знаний об этапах исторического развития, социальной действительности и культуры стран изучаемого языка, а также овладение страноведческой и лингвострановедческой компетенцией, необходимой для адекватного владения иностранным языком как средством общения.

Задачами курса «История и культура стран изучаемого языка» являются:

·  Ознакомление с основными этапами исторического, политического, культурного и социального развития стран изучаемого языка, а также с их специфическими особенностями.

·  Овладение понятийным аппаратом по линии лингвострановедческой тематики

·  Приобретение опыта анализа (умение правильно ориентироваться в историческом, политическом и культурном развитии стран изучаемого языка, оценивать явления, события, факты действительности этих стран, ориентироваться во множестве фактов, встречающихся в литературе, публицистических и газетных материалах на иностранных языках).

В связи с вышеперечисленными задачами курс «История и культура стран изучаемого языка» должен преподаваться в тесной связи с другими теоретическими и практическими дисциплинами. Так, координация по линии межпредметных связей проводится с дисциплинами общественно-политического и психолого-педагогического цикла; со смежными науками – историей и географией, с курсом литературы стран изучаемого языка и ее истории. Курс «История и культура стран изучаемого языка» способствует закреплению освоения страноведческой тематики и, таким образом, преподается в тесной связи с курсом практики устной и письменной речи иностранного языка. Курс «История и культура стран изучаемого языка» дает представление о связи истории народов с изменениями в их языке.

Достижение практических задач курса «История и культура стран изучаемого языка» осуществляется путем применения различных методов и приемов работы, таких как: предъявление лекционного материала, практические занятия в группах, просмотр фильмов со страноведческой тематикой и их обсуждение, чтение и анализ лингвострановедческих материалов, тестирование.

На курс преподавания «Истории и культуры стран изучаемого языка» на втором курсе ОЗО отводится 75 часов. Из них - 6 лекционных часов, 4 часа отводится на семинарские занятия, 65 часов - на самостоятельную работу студентов.

При разработке учебной программы образовательное учреждение имеет право вносить дополнительные требования к уровню подготовки специалистов с учетом региональных особенностей, специфики учебного заведения и требований заказчика специалистов.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ КУРСА

«История и культура стран изучаемого языка»

Модуль 1. Географическое положение Великобритании. Состав территории. Природные условия. Климат. Население. Языки.

1. Остров Великобритания, Ирландия, Гебридские, Шетлендские,

Оркнейские и другие острова. Проливы и моря, омывающие острова.

Особенности рельефа, горы, возвышенности, низменности, изрезанность береговой линии.

Климатические условия.

Гидрографическая сеть. Реки, озера, каналы.

Растительный и животный мир.

Минерально-сырьевые ресурсы английской промышленности. Значение залежей нефти и природного газа шельфовой зоны Северного моря. Характеристика основных месторождений угля, железной руды.

Население Великобритании. Этнический состав. Национальные и языковые различия. Численность и рост населения. Этнический состав населения. Формирование английской нации. Размещение населения. Классовая структура населения. География плотности. Основные формы расселения. Городское и сельское население. Преобладание городского типа расселения. Сосредоточение 4/5 населения в городах и в городских агломерациях. Широкий урбанизированный пояс Англии (от Лондона до Ливерпуля) с наибольшей концентрацией населения.

2. Страны, входящие в состав королевства. Понятия Шотландия, Уэльс, Северная Ирландия. Состав территорий, географическое положение. Столицы и города. Особенности рельефа, горы, возвышенности, низменности, изрезанность береговой линии.

Климатические условия стран, входящих в состав королевства.

Гидрографическая сеть. Реки, озера, каналы.

Население Англии, Шотландии, Уэльса, Северной Ирландии.

Этнический состав. Национальные и языковые различия. Численность и рост населения. Этнический состав населения. География плотности. Языки стран, входящих в состав королевства.

3. Особенности образа жизни, культуры и национального характера.

Национальные черты характера британцев. Досуг Британцев. Национальные праздники. Роль традиций. Национальные обычаи всех стран, входящих в состав Королевства. Национальная кухня. Национальные виды спорта. Столица Великобритании, ее история и достопримечательности. Облик городов Великобритании. Деловая часть города.

Особенности быта и повседневной жизни народа Великобритании. Семейный уклад, организация досуга. Религия и церковь.

Комплексная цель (модуль 1):

Систематизация и расширение социокультурных знаний студентов о географическом положении Соединенного королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии, развитие умений собирать, систематизировать и обрабатывать различные виды страноведческой информации, интерпретировать и использовать ее при решении коммуникативно-познавательных задач, овладение студентами лингвострановедческими компетенциями, развитие коммуникативной культуры и социокультурной образованности студентов, позволяющих общаться на английском языке в социокультурной и учебно-профессиональной сферах.

Краткое проблемное изложение материала:

THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE

Physical Background

Britain, formally known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, forms the greater part of the British Isles, a group of islands lying off the north-west coast of Europe. The largest islands are Great Britain and Ireland (comprising Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic).

The United Kingdom is bordered on the south by the English Channel, which separates it from the continent of Europe. It is bordered on the east by the North Sea, and on the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom’s only land border with another nation is between Northern Ireland and Ireland.

Isles.

Off the southern coast of England is the Isle of Wight and off the extreme south-west are the Isles of Scilly; off north Wales is Anglesey. Western Scotland is fringed by numerous islands and to the far north are the important groups of the Orkneys and Shetlands. All these have administrative ties with the mainland, but the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea and the Channel Islands between Great Britain and France have a large measure of administrative autonomy and are not part of England, Wales, Scotland of Northern Ireland.

The United Kingdom contains a number of small islands. These include the Isle of Wight, which lies off of England’s southern coast; Anglesey, off the northwest coast of Wales; the Isles of Scilly in the English Channel; the Hebrides archipelago to the west of Scotland, consisting of the Inner and the Outer Hebrides; the Orkney Islands to the northeast of Scotland; and the Shetland Islands farther out into the North Sea from Scotland.

Several dependencies and dependent territories are associated with the United Kingdom. The dependencies, located close to Britain, are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea and the Channel Islands off the northern coast of France. These dependencies, while not technically part of the United Kingdom, maintain a special relationship with it. The Channel Islands were once part of the Duchy of Normandy and retain much of their original French culture. The Isle of Man, controlled by Norway during the Middle Ages, came under English rule in the 14th century. Both dependencies are largely self-governing and have their own legislative assemblies and systems of law. Britain is responsible for their international relations and defense.

Natural Regions and Topography.

The Highland Zone

Highland Britain comprises the whole of Scotland, the Lake District in the north-west England, the broad central upland known as the Pennines, almost the whole of Wales, and the South-western, peninsula of England.

The parts of England in the highland zone include the Pennine Chain of mountains, extending down into northern England and into the southwestern peninsula. The Pennine Chain is sometimes called the backbone of England. It is a massive upland area extending 260 km (160 mi) north to south, starting at the Cheviot Hills on England’s border with Scotland and ending in the Midlands of central England.

To the west of the northern Pennines are the Cumbrian Mountains, which include Scafell Pike (in the Lake District, Cumberland) 3,210 feet (978 meters), England’s highest peak. This region contains the Lake District, famous for its lakes and scenic beauty.

The Grampian Mountains are in central Scotland. The highest point in Britain is Ben Nevis at 1,343 m (4,406 ft), located in the Highlands of Scotland. The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight. In many places farming is impossible. The western portion of the Highlands contains most of Scotland’s famous lochs, or large lakes.

North of the Cheviot Hills, in Scotland, are the Southern Uplands, an area of rounded hills and broad valleys. The maximum elevation here is 850 m (2,800 ft), and much of the area consists of moorlands used for grazing sheep. North of the Uplands is a broad valley known variously as the Central Lowlands, the Scottish Lowlands, or the Midland Valley. This valley is sandwiched between two areas of uplands and contains most of Scotland’s urban centers, industries, and mines.

Northern Ireland consists of hilly highlands similar to those of Scotland. Most of Northern Ireland is situated in a large valley formed from an old lava plateau. In the center of the valley is Lough Neagh, the largest lake in the British Isles, which is 29 km (18 mi) long and 18 km (11 mi) wide. The highest part of Northern Ireland is the Mourne Mountains in the southeast, which reach a maximum elevation of 852 m (2,796 ft) above sea level. The narrowest point between the islands of Britain and Ireland is a distance of only 21 km (13 mi), between Tor on the coast of Northern Ireland to Mull of Kintyre on the Scottish coast.

The peninsula of Wales is almost entirely covered by mountains. The Cambrian Mountains extend roughly from northeast to southeast across the peninsula. They contain the highest peak in Wales, the huge mountain called Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa Fawr in Welsh), which rises to 1,085 m (3,560 ft) above sea level. In southern Wales lower and less rugged mountains, the Brecon Beacons, extend in a roughly east-west direction. The lowland region of southeastern Wales contains the largest cities and industrial establishments in Wales. Coal mines in the mountains just to the north of this southern lowland were of great importance to the Welsh economy for many years.

The Lowland Zone

Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern Britain. Hills hardly ever reach a thousand feet (305 meters) above sea level.

Most of Britain’s population lives densely packed into the lowland zone, which covers most of England. It has been extensively inhabited, farmed, and grazed for thousands of years. The metropolis of London and most of Britain’s large cities are located in the lowland zone. The flattest lands in the lowland zone are in the eastern area called East Anglia.

Rivers

Britain is rich in waterways. Almost every town stands on its river, every village upon its stream. We can see it from the names: Burton-on-Trent, Stratford-on-Avon, Kingston-upon-Thames and so on. From the times of the Romans until the 17-th century Britain's seas and rivers were more important than roads for the transport of goods and people. Road transport was difficult and expensive. The growing population of the country required more food, and the industries - more coal. So the first canals were built to meet special needs.

The Thames and the Severn are the longest rivers in Britain and are almost equal in length. Other important rivers in England are the Mersey, which enters the Irish Sea at Liverpool; the River Humber on the east coast, into which the Trent River and several other rivers flow; and the Tyne River in northern England, which flows past Newcastle upon Tyne to the North Sea.

The chief rivers in Scotland are the Clyde, the Tay, the Forth, and the Tweed. Glasgow is situated on the Firth of the Clyde, Edinburgh on the Firth of the Forth.

The most important rivers in Northern Ireland are the Lagan, the Bann, and the Foyle.

Ireland's chief river is the Shannon with a course of 386 km, the longest river in the British Isles.

Lakes.

The Lake District in the north-west of England is known for its scenic beauty. The Lakes are of various sizes, such as Lake Windermere, over 16 km ( 10 miles) long,

In the Highlands of Scotland there are a great many sea lochs (lakes) and freshwater lochs bordered by wild mountains. Loch Neagh (is situated in Ireland - the largest freshwater lake in the UK.

Most of the large lakes in the United Kingdom are located in the upland areas of Scotland and northern England, although Lough Neagh (368 sq. km) in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in the United Kingdom. The largest and most beautiful of Scotland's lakes are Loch Lomond (near Glasgow) (37 km (23 mi) long and from 1.6 to 8 km (1 to 5 mi) wide and Loch Ness. Lake Windermere is the largest of the 15 major lakes in the famous Lake District of northwestern England. It is about 1.6 km (1 mi) wide and more than 16 km (10 mi) long. Lake Derwentwater, called the “Queen of Lakes” is the loveliest of Cumbria’s lakes. Other lakes are tiny, as Brothers Water, less than a mile in length, Lakeland's smallest lake.

Coastline

Great Britain’s coastline is highly irregular, with many bays and inlets that provide harbors and shelters for ships and boats. The coastline is about 8,000 km (about 5,000 mi) long and affords some of the best scenery in Britain.

Climate

Britain has a generally mild and temperate climate. The outstanding features of the climate of Britain are its humidity, its mildness and its variability. The prevailing winds are south-westerly and the weather from day to day is controlled be the Atlantic Ocean, across which flows the warm current of the Gulf Stream. As these winds blow from the Ocean, they are mild in winter and cool in summer.

People of Britain

Britain ranks about 14-th in the world in terms of population and 75-th place by its territory.

The United Kingdom has a population of 59,778,estimate), with an average population density of 245 persons per sq km (634 per sq mi). The population density of the United Kingdom is one of the highest in the world, exceeding most Asian and European nations.

Britain occupies the 4-th place as to its density after Japan, Belgium and Holland.

The movement of the population from the country to towns was at its height in the 19-th century with the development of capitalist industry.

Great Britain is inhabited by the English who constitute 81 % of the total population, the Scots - 10 %, the Irish - 2,5 % and Welshmen who live in Wales.

Languages.

English is the official language of the United Kingdom and is the first language of the vast majority of its citizens. Scottish people appreciate the Scottish accent so much they insist the BBC carry programs with Scottish-accented speakers. The Celtic language (Gaelic), an ancient tongue, continues to be spoken in Scotland by some people, usually those in the more remote fringes of the country, especially in the Hebrides Islands. Approximately 80,000 Scots speak Scottish Gaelic, a type of Celtic language.

English is the predominant language in Northern Ireland, although at least some of the Roman Catholic minority speak Irish, another Gaelic dialect, as a second language.

The ancient Celtic language of Wales is strongly tied to the cultural nationalism of the region. In 1993, after long and considerable agitation by Welsh nationalists, the government made Welsh a joint official language with English in Wales for use in the courts, the civil service, and other aspects of the public sector

Проектное задание 1:

Цель: развитие умений интерпретировать схематическую и образную страноведческую информацию на английском языке.

Задание: Нарисуйте карту Соединенного королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии и близлежащих островов. Отметьте водоемы, горы, крупные города. Покажите деление Великобритании согласно рельефных особенностей (Highlands and Lowlands).Подготовьте описание вашей карты на английском языке.

Проектное задание 2:

Цель: развитие умений составлять и интерпретировать схематическую и образную страноведческую информацию на английском языке.

Задание: Заполнить сравнительную таблицу. Подготовить ее описание на английском языке.

	Territory	Capital	Population	Rivers	Mountains	Cities	Industries
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland

Проектное задание 3:

Подготовьте презентацию по теме «Государственные праздники в Великобритании» (20 слайдов)

Тест рубежного контроля:

Test № 1 . “REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION OF THE UK”

( “The History and Culture of the UK”)

Рекомендуемая литература:

1.  Тимановская на англоговорящие страны. 4-е изд. – Тула: Автограф, 2000.

2.  Токарева истории Великобритании и США. Пособие по страноведению на англ. яз: Для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз.-М.:Высш. Шк., 1985.

3.  Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь. А. Р.У. Рум,

и др. – М.: Рус. Яз., 1978.

4.  Абросимова и культура стран изучаемого языка. Ч. 1. История и

культура Великобритании. – Ростов-на-Дону, 2007.

5.  Great Britain. - С-П.: КАРО, 1999.

6.  David McDowall. Britain in Close-Up. Longman, 1993.

7.  Bamber Gascoigne. Encyclopedia of Britain.

8.  UK 2003. The Official Yearbook of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

9.  S. Sheerin, J. Seath. Spotlight on Britain. Oxford, OUP

10.P. Harvey, R. Jones. Britain Explored. Longman

11.R. Musman, D'Arcy Adrian-Vallance. Britain Today. Longman

12.V. F. Satinova. Read and Speak about Britain and the British. - Минск, "Вышэйшая школа", 1997

13.Тенсон Г. А. Habits and Ways in Great Britain and the United States. – М.: Междунар. отношения, 1978.

14.В. Ощепкова, А. Булкин. Страна Великобритания: люди и традиции., М., "РТ-Пресс", 2000 (рус.-англ.)

Модуль 2. Историческое развитие Великобритании (завоевания, войны, революции, колониальные завоевания)

Первые поселенцы Британских островов. Иберийцы – древнейшее население Британских островов. Кельтские племена – Скоты, Кельты, Пикты и др. Их образ жизни. Римское завоевание Британских островов и его влияние. Влияние языка Римлян. Древнегерманские племена англов, саксов, ютов и фризов. Англо-саксонские королевства. Объединение Англии.

Датские набеги. Борьба с германскими племенами. Нормандское завоевание. Битва при Гастингсе. Вильгельм Завоеватель и его реформы. Столетняя война с Францией. Войны Роз. Английская буржуазная революция ХУII в. (). Победа парламента. Движение народных масс. Компромисс между верхушкой буржуазии и земель. ной аристократией. Особенности экономического развития страны после буржуазной революции. Оливер Кромвелл. Восстановление монархии. Провозглашение конституционной монархии. Боль о правах 1689 г. Промышленная революция Великие географические открытия. Начало формирования колониальной империи и расширение Британских владений к концу XVIII века. Создание капиталистической промышленности; кардинальные изменения структуры хозяйства. Положение рабочего класса, возникновение и нарастание рабочего движения. Первоначальные формы борьбы английского пролетариата против эксплуатации. Англия середины XIX века - ведущая промышленная держава мира. Создание английской колониальной империи. Колониальные владения. Англия в эпоху империализма. Потеря Англией мирового промышленного первенства. Основные черты экономики и географии хозяйства в период общего кризиса капитализма. Вторая мировая война, ее экономические и по­литические последствия для Великобритании. Обострение внутренних и внешних противоречий. Кризис английского колониализма, распад Британской империи. «Содружество», его экономическая и политическая сущность.

Комплексная цель (модуль 2):

Систематизация и расширение социокультурных знаний студентов об историческом развитии Соединенного королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии, развитие умений собирать, систематизировать и обрабатывать различные виды страноведческой информации, интерпретировать и использовать ее при решении коммуникативно-познавательных задач, овладение студентами лингвострановедческими компетенциями, развитие коммуникативной культуры и социокультурной образованности студентов, позволяющих общаться на английском языке в социокультурной и учебно-профессиональной сферах.

Краткое проблемное изложение материала:

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Many thousands years ago the land we now call England was not separated from the continent of Europe by the English Channel and the North Sea. There were plains and thick forests there. Between 3,000 BO and 2,000 ВС tribal groups coming from the Iberian peninsula (now comprising Spain and Portugal) settled in Britain near the coasts of south and West Britain, as well as in Ireland.

The Iberians used stone weapons and tools.

The Celts

During the period from the 6-th to the 3-d century ВС people called the Celts spread across Europe from the east to the West.

The Celts had no towns.; they lived in villages. They were acquainted with the use of copper, tin and iron and they kept large herds of cattle and sheep. Their clothing was made of wool. The Welsh who live in Wales are of Celtic origin. People in most parts of Wales speak Welsh, a Celtic tongue. Irish is also a language of Celtic origin.

The Roman Empire

Two thousand years ago the Romans were the most powerful people in the world. In 55 ВС a Roman army of 10,000 men crossed the Channel and invaded Britain but the Celts attacked the Romans and the well-armed Romans had to return to Gaul. In 54 ВС the Romans tried to conquer Britain again, this time with larger forces (25,000 men). The Celts fought bravely for their independence but they failed. Some of the chiefs and promised to pay tribute to Rome. Caesar went back to Rome to complete his conquest on the Continent. But although Julius Caesar came to Britain twice in the course of two years, he was not able, really, to conquer it. The promised tribute was not paid and the real conquest of Britain by the Romans began nearly a hundred years after Caesar's visits to the island.

In 43 AD a Roman Army invaded Britain and conquered the south-east. Other parts of the country was taken from time to time the next 40 years.

The Romans remained in Britain for about four centuries. In the 3-d and 4-th centuries the power of the Roman Empire gradually weakened.

Early in the 5-th century (407) the Roman legions were recalled from Britain to defend the central provinces of the Roman Empire from the attacks of barbarian tribes. They did not return to Britain.

Germanic Tribes

After the Roman legions left Britain at the beginning of the 5-th
century, the Celts remained independent but not for long.

In the 5-th century, first the Jutes, and then other Germanic tribes the Saxons and the Angles began to migrate to Britain. In 449 the Jutes landed in Kent and this was the beginning of the conquest. The British natives fought fiercely against the invaders and it took more than a hundred and fifty years for the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes to conquer the country.

By the end of the 6-th and the beginning of the 7-th century several kingdoms were formed on the territory of Britain conquered by the Germanic tribes. (This territory later on became England proper).

The new settlers didn't like towns preferring to love in small villages. In the course of the conquest they destroyed the Roman towns and villas. The roads were broken up.

The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms waged a constant struggle against one another for predominance over the country. The greatest and most important kingdoms were Northumbria, Mercia and Wessex. At the beginning of the 9-th century Wessex became the strongest state. In 829 Egbert, the King of Wessex, was acknоwledged by Kent, Mercia and Northumbria. This was really the beginning of the united kingdom of England. Wessex never again lost its supremacy and King Egbert of Wessex became the first King of England. Under his rule, all the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united to form one kingdom which was called England from that time on.

The Danes

From the end of the 8-th century and during the 9-th and 10-th centuries Western Europe was troubled by a new wave of barbarian attacks. In different countries the Northmen were known as the Vikings, the Normans, the Danes. But more often the British Isles were raided from Denmark, and the invaders came to be known in English history as the Danes. The Danes were well-armed with swords, spears bottle-axes. They were bold and skilful men.

In 793 the Danes carried out their first raids on Britain. In later years large Danish fleets (more than 300 ships) brought large armies to conquer and settle in the new lands. Thus began the fourth conquest of Britain. The Danish raids were successful because the kingdom of England had neither a regular army nor a fleet in the North Sea to meet them.

Northumbria and East Anglia suffered most from the Danish raids. At last all England north of the Thames was in their hands. Only Wessex was left to face the enemy. In 835 King Egbert defeated them. In 871 The Danes invaded Wessex again. Then Wessex united the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and under the reign of Egbert's grandson, King Alfred (871-899) who became known in English history as Alfred the Great, Wessex became the centre of resistance against the invaders. During the reign of Alfred the Great the first British navy was built.