Министерство образования Российской Федерации
Пермский государственный технический университет
Березниковский филиал
Кафедра общенаучных дисциплин
B E R E Z N I K I E N T E R P R I S E S
Тексты и задания на английском языке
для студентов cпециальности ХТНВ
очной и очно-заочной формы обучения
Березники 2003
Составители: старшие преподаватели Г. Р Чайникова,
.
ББК 65.298
Учебное пособие построено на материале рекламных проспектов промышленных предприятий города, а также на основе текстов по химии и смежных отраслей. Пособие включает систему упражнений, направленных на развитие навыков устной речи, на закрепление навыков и умений информативного чтения, и на развитие навыков реферирования. Отдельные разделы пособия могут быть использованы для самостоятельной работы студентов. Пособие предназначено для студентов специальности ХТНВ (3 семестр очно-заочного обучения, 3 и 4 семестр очного обучения).
Рецензенты:
Berezniki Еnterprises: Тексты и задания на английском языке для студентов специальности ХТНВ очной и очно-заочной формы обучения / Сост. Г. Р Чайникова, ; Перм. гос. техн. ун-т. Березники, 2003. – 88 с.
© Пермский государственный
технический университет, 2003
Содержание
Unit I. BEREZNIKI. 4
Unit II. AZOT.. 6
Part 1. 6
Part 2. 12
Unit III. URALKALY.. 24
Part 1. 24
Part 2. 29
Unit IV. AVISMA.. 33
Part 1. 33
Part 2. 37
Unit V. SODA.. 48
Part 1. 48
Part 2. 52
Unit VI. BERATON.. 56
Part 1. 56
Part 2. 59
Unit VII. MY FUTURE PROFESSION.. 64
Part 1. 64
Part 2. 71
SUPPLIMENT…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……79
Vocabulary. 83
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ... 91
Unit I
BEREZNIKI
1. Here is a short information about Berezniki for foreigners. What can they learn about Berezniki from the text. What information do you think it is necessary to add?
BEREZNIKI
A poetically named city Berezniki is a significant industrial centre that was founded in the West Urals aimed luxurious nature on the bank of beautiful Kama river in the thirties. This city is called the Republic of Chemistry but it received its name after the grove of white trunk birches. Old cities are famous for their ancient architecture. They are proud of being wrapped in legends and glory. Berezniki is a young city. It is only 70. In the past the whole country built our city, currently Berezniki works for the whole country. Potassium fertilizers and chemical industries were developed due to rich natural resources.
Notes on the Text.
luxurious – богатый
grove – лесок, роща
trunk – ствол (дерева)
birch – береза
wrap – окутывать
potassium fertilizers – калийные удобрения
due to – благодаря
2. A foreign businessman (tourist) has arrived in Berezniki.
a) You are a foreign businessman (tourist). What information about this city are you interested in? Think of your questions to the guide.
b) You have to meet a foreign businessman (tourist). Prepare a short information about Berezniki. Try to answer his (her) questions. Use some data about Berezniki.
1932
second largest industrial city in Perm region
“Republic of Chemistry”
JSC “Uralkali” – 15000 employees – potash fertilizers
JSC “AZOT” – 5000 employees – nitrogen fertilizers
JSC “Avisma” – titanium, magnesium, glass articles
JSC “Beraton” – 2300 employees – dyes (краски), aniline, etc.
JSC “SODA” – soda ash (кальцинированная сода), caustic potash (едкий калий), etc.
educational center:
Branch of the Perm Technical University – about 2000 students
many technical and vocational schools
places of interest:
drama theatre
local museum (interesting exhibits telling about history, nature and current life of our area)
Palaces of culture
some swimming pools and sport palaces
ecology
3. Play the situation:
The representative of a foreign company is going to visit your enterprise. You have to meet him (her) at the airport in Perm, but you don’t know him (her), you have only his (her) visiting card.
a) How would you begin your conversation?
b) What are you speaking about on your way to Berezniki?
Unit II
AZOT
Part 1:
For Reading and Speaking
1. You are working in the External Economic Links Department (отдел внешнеэкономических связей) at Berezniki Joint Stock Company “AZOT”. You have received a business letter from a foreign company which is interested in the following chemical products. Translate them into Russian. You can choose a Russian equivalent from the right column.
1) ammonium [ǝ`mǝunjǝm] a) азот жидкий
2) ammonium nitrate [`naitreit] b) аммиачная селитра с магне-
зиальной добавкой
3) ammonium carbonates [`ka:bǝnit] c) соли углеаммонийные
4) ammonia [ǝ`mǝnjǝ] d) карбамид (мочевина)
5) carbamide e) аммиак
6) nitric [`naitrik] acid f) аргон жидкий
7) aliphtic amines [`æmainz] g) алифатические амины
8) liquid argon h) азотная кислота
9) nitrites-nitrates i) углекислота
[`naitraits`naitreit] salts
10) carbonic [ka:`bǝɔ:nik] acid j) нитрит-нитратные соли
11) carbon-ammonium salts k) соли углеаммонийные
12) nitrogen liquid l) аммоний
13) ammonium nitrate m) нитрат аммония (аммиачная
with addition of magnesid селитра)
2. Here is an advertisement of Berezniki JSC “AZOT”. You are a foreign businessman looking for a reliable fertilizers manufacturer. You are taking interest in:
a) variety of production;
b) quality of production;
c) reliability of the partner.
What information about it can you find in this advertisement? Write out corresponding information to each point.
BEREZNIKI JOINT STOCK COMPANY “AZOT”
A LARGE CHEMICAL COMPLEX ON THE URALS WITH MODERN HIGHLY AUTOMATIC TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION LIVES AND DEVELOPS.
THE PLANT START-UP YEAR – 1932
INDUSTRIAL AREA - 188 HA
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES - 5000 PEOPLE.
PRODUCTION FUNDS COST THOUSAND ROUBLES.
THE PRIORITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT
Modernization and reconstruction of production aimed at power cost reduction.
Improvement of production quality, support of competitiveness, achievement the highest world standards, extension of goods range.
Setting up the systems of stable sales in home and foreign market.
Marketing development, sales research of current and prospective agricultural and industrial demands.
Manufacturing of new products.
The history of the Berezniki joint stock company “AZOT” begins in 1932, when synthetic ammonium was produced by West Urals’ chemists. In the 70’s-80’s new shops of main production lines were built. Equipment, professions, people change but best traditions remain.
Today our enterprise consists of large scale ammonium and carbamide production, ammonium saltpetre and nitric shops as well as production of highest aliphtic amines, argon, nitrites-nitrates, carbon-ammonium salts and carbonic acid. 517 thousands tons of nitric fertilizers in terms of 100% nitrogen are produced annually. The today’s level of technology demands high qualification and professionalism of the staff. That’s why more than one thousand people working at “AZOT” joint stock company are diplomaed [di`plǝumǝd] specialists.
Extensive experience in production of nitric fertilizers and chemical substances ensures high quality of our products. The mineral fertilizers of our enterprise conform to the world standards and meet the highest demands of consumers. Our fertilizers consist of guaranteed granule sized particles. The mass of the granules of the size of 1 to 4 mm comprises not less than 95%. High static strength of the granules ensures the mechanization of the application of the fertilizers and reduction of its losses.
Owing to this our products were awarded with “International Gold Star for Quality” by Executive Committee of “Business Initiative Directions”, Madrid in November 1993.
Besides mineral fertilizers our enterprise manufactures products for technical and production purposes. Berezniki joint stock company “AZOT” is the only enterprise in Russia that produces highest aliphtic amines, water-proof granulated ammonium nitrate, nitrites-nitrates salts. Our enterprise is one of the few in the country that produces ammonium nitrate with addition of magnesid.
Jointly with the staff of the State Science-Research Institute of Nitric Production and leading foreign enterprises our specialists constantly work at improvement of technical and economics capacities of production and modernise technology by introduction of energy-saving techniques and automated control systems, raising in reliability of equipment.
In conclusion one should say that Berezniki joint stock company “AZOT” is the 60 years of production experience that provides for high quality of products, it is the wide variety of nitric fertilizers and all kinds of chemical industry products. Our activity is based on high level of technology and on close contact with our clients. Only this enables us to win and consolidate our consumers confidence.
Notes on the Text
joint stock company – акционерное общество
shop – цех
main production line – основная технологическая линия, основное производство
large scale – крупномасштабный
fertilizer – удобрение
saltpetre [`sɔ:lt, pi:tǝ] – селитра
in terms of 100% nitrogen – в пересчете на 100% азот
annually = yearly, every year
to demand – требовать, предъявлять требование
staff – персонал, личный состав, кадры
to conform to/with – соответствовать
to meet the demands of – отвечать требованиям
consumer – потребитель
guaranteed granule [`grænju:l] sized particles – гарантированный гранулометрический состав частиц
the mass of the granules – массовая доля гранул
to comprise – охватывать, включать в себя, составлять
static strength – статическая прочность
to ensure – гарантировать, обеспечивать
reduction of losses – сокращение потерь, убытков
to award – присуждать
products for technical and production purposes – продукция производственно-технического назначения
water-proof granulated ammonium nitrate – гранулированная водоустойчивая аммиачная селитра
capacity – мощность, нагрузка, производительность
technical and economics capacities of production – технико-экономические показатели производства
energy-saving techniques – энергосберегающие технологии
automated control system – автоматизированная система управления
reliability – надежность
to consolidate the confidence – укреплять доверие
3. You are working in the External Economic Links Department at Berezniki JSC “AZOT”. You have to tell the representative of a foreign company about your enterprise. Prepare for the meeting with him. This is a plan of you report.
a) Translate the words and word-combinations in the plan.
b) Write your report.
1) 1932 – азотно-туковый завод (nitric fertilizer plant);
70-80 – новые цеха основных производств;
80е – АО «Азот»;
2) состоит из крупнотоннажных (large scale) производств аммиака и карбамида, цехов аммиачной селитры, азотной кислоты, высших алифатических аминов, аргона, нитрит-нитратных солей и углекислоты;
3) высококвалифицированный персонал;
5000 работающих (employee)
более тысячи работающих – дипломированные специалисты;
4) высокое качество продукции;
удобрения соответствуют мировому уровню и отвечают самым высоким требованиям потребителей;
высокая статическая прочность гранул;
1993 – «Золотая Звезда качества» (исполнительный комитет “Business Initiative Directions”);
5) продукция производственно-технического назначения;
высшие алифатические амины, гранулированная водоустойчивая аммиачная селитра, нитрит-нитратные соли;
аммиачная селитра с магнезиальной добавкой;
6) сотрудничество (collaboration) с Государственным научно-исследовательским институтом азотной промышленности, ведущими зарубежными фирмами;
улучшение технико-экономических показателей, внедрение энерго-сберегающих технологий, автоматизированных систем управления технологическими процессами, повышение надежности работы оборудования;
7) приоритеты (priorities) развития:
- модернизация и реконструкция производства с целью (aimed at) снижения энергозатрат (power cost reduction),
- улучшение качества продукции, поддержка конкурентноспособности (support of competitiveness), достижение уровня высших мировых стандартов, расширение ассортимента (extension of goods range),
- создание (setting up) систем устойчивого сбыта (stable sales) на российских и зарубежных рынках (in home and foreign market),
- развитие службы маркетинга, изучение (sales research) текущих (current) и перспективных (prospective) потребностей (demands) сельского хозяйства и промышленности,
- производство новых видов продукции.
4. You are listening to the telephone conversation of your chief with the representative of a foreign company. You hear only answers, the underlined words are the answers to the questions. Reconstruct questions.
a) – …?
– 517 thousands tons of nitric fertilizers in terms of 100% nitrogen.
b) – …?
–The mass of the granules of the size of 1 to 4 mm comprises not less than 95%.
c) – …?
– Berezniki joint stock company “AZOT” is the only enterprise in Russia that produces highest aliphtic amines, water-proof granulated ammonium nitrate, nitrites-nitrates salts. Our enterprise is one of the few in the country that produces ammonium nitrate with addition of magnesid.
d) – …?
– Jointly with the staff of the State Science-Research Institute of Nitric Production and leading foreign enterprises our specialists constantly work at improvement of technical and economics capacities of production and modernise technology by introduction of energy-saving techniques and automated control systems, raising in reliability of equipment.
a) – …?
– Our activity is based on high level of technology and on close contact with our clients.
f) – …?
– Modernization and reconstruction of production aimed at power cost reduction; improvement of production quality, support of competitiveness, achievement the highest world standards, extension of goods range; setting up the systems of stable sales in home and foreign market; marketing development, sales research of current and prospective agricultural and industrial demands; manufacturing of new products.
5. You are the representative of a foreign company. You have visited the JSC AZOT. Tell your leadership about this enterprise. Would you advise to make a contract with it?
Part 2
For Reading
1. Learn the following words and terms.
ageing (syn. maturing) - старение, выдерживание, вылеживание
ammonium nitrate [ǝ`mǝunjǝm`naitreit] - аммиачная селитра
appraise - оценивать
blend - смешивать
bulk - масса, объем; объемный, сыпучий
in bulk - насыпью
caking - спекание, склеивание, образование комков
composition - состав
compound [`kɔmpaund] - смесь, соединение, состав
consumer - потребитель
consumption [kǝn`sʌmp∫n] - потребление
conversion - превращение, изменение, переход
convert - превращать
(free)-flowability - текучесть, сыпучесть
handling - транспортировка; управление, обращение (с ч.-л.)
humidity - влажность, влага
medium - среда
moisture - влажность, влага
nutrient [`nju:triǝnt] - питательный
nutrition [nju(:)`tri∫n] - питание
persistence [pǝ`sist(ǝ)ns] - постоянство, продолжительность, устойчивость
proceed - протекать, проходить
ratio [`rei∫iǝu] - отношение, пропорция, соотношение
retain - задерживать, сохранять
soluble - растворимый
storing (syn. storage) - хранение; склад, хранилище
treat - обрабатывать, подвергать действию
urea [`juǝriǝ] - мочевина
2. Find synonyms in the right column.
1. utilize a) corresponding
2. ageing b) moisture
3. realize c) compound
4. respective d) call
5. humidity e) storage
6. amount f) balance
7. equilibrium g) maturing
8. mixture h) understand
9. storing i) quantity
10. refer to as j) use
l) blend
3. Find antonyms:
1. producer a) simple
2. formation b) increase
3. decrease c)decomposition
plex d) consumer
4. Find Russian equivalents in the right column.
decomposition - насыщенный
neutralization [nju:trǝlai`zei∫n] - кондиционирование
precipitation - баланс, устойчивость
equilibrium - осаждение
applicability - применимость
adversely - нейтрализация
saturated - разложение
conditioning [kǝn`di∫niŋ] – неблагоприятно
5. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word-groups consulting a dictionary; mind world-building.
to blend, blend composition, blended, blending system, blender; bulk, bulk material, bulk properties, bulk blending system, bulk phase; bulk storage, to store, storing, store tank, storage stability; flow, heat flow, flow properties, flow rate, flowing, continuous flow; humidity, absolute/specific humidity, a humid medium, critical relative humidity; to retain moisture; to cake, caking tendency, caking of granules.
6. Read the text given below and quote it to prove that:
a) the quality of fertilizers depends on a number of factors;
b) the properties of most fertilizers can be changed during their storage.
PROPERTIES OF FERTILIZERS
As the consumption of fertilizers as well as the costs of raw materials and energies have been increasing steadily in all the world’s regions, both the manufactures and consumers try to find the ways to utilize them as effectively as possible, minimizing losses of any kind. At the present time the quality of fertilizers is appraised with respect to their behaviour in handling, storing, and application by the characteristics usually referred to as caking tendency and hygroscopicity. The reason why they are more important in the fertilizers industry than in other branches lies in the nature of the treated materials which, in contrast to most building materials, coal and the like, are formed by substances or their mixtures that are soluble in water.
It is necessary to realize that a number of physical and mechanical properties depend on chemical composition of the respective fertilizer. It is, therefore, more important to know which chemical compounds make it up than what is its content and/or ratio of N, P and K. It is obvious that ammonium nitrate in a complex fertilizer will affect its properties in a different way than urea although both contain nitrogen. The same may be said about other compounds containing the nutrient elements phosphorus and potassium. A number of reactions are taking place in the processes for producing fertilizers: decomposition of raw materials and reactions of conversion, neutralization, precipitation. The resultant chemical compound may influence the properties of any final product fundamentally. The knowledge of constituent substances in various materials is important also when appraising different types of fertilizers with respect of their applicability in a bulk blending system. Most reactions (decompositions as well as conversions) in the manufacture of fertilizers usually proceed in the presence of certain amount of water and at temperatures above 100°C. These conditions control both the equilibrium and rate of a given reaction. Water is removed from the system by drying and the product temperature is rapidly lowered by cooling, whereby the reaction conditions are changed. Consequently, also a new equilibrium composition should be established. Due to the decrease in temperature, however, the reactions are proceeding considerably slower and a freshly made granulate is thermodynamically unstable. The establishing of a new equilibrium is a rather prolonged process. The properties of most fertilizers are changing during their storage and the process is referred to as maturing or ageing. Reactions are proceeding to completion in the surface layer of particles as well and if these have not been conditioned, formation of so called crystal bridges on the contact areas and thus their caking may take place.
Hygroscopicity of fertilizers is a very undesirable property from the viewpoint of both the technologists and consumers. As mentioned earlier, it is a common characteristic of water-soluble materials. In the case of fertilizers hygroscopicity affects adversely a number of properties such as mechanical strength or free-flowability and it may be one of the causes of caking as well. As in the case of caking, moistening is not a simple process that could be characterized by a single quantity. To characterize it, the terms “ critical relative humidity”, “moisture holding capacity” and “flow persistence” are used. Critical relative humidity is relative tension of water vapour over saturated solution of a fertilizer, moisture holding capacity is the amount of water adsorbed by a fertilizer under defined experimental conditions and flow persistence is the time for which a fertilizer retains its free-flowability in a humid medium. These terms can be complemented by equilibrium relative humidity which is humidity over a given sample of a fertilizer at a given temperature.
7. Read the text and answer the questions:
1. Why are caking tendency and hygroscopicity so important in the fertilizer industry? 2. Why is it necessary to know the chemical composition of fertilizers? 3. Under what conditions do chemical reactions in the manufacture of fertilizers usually proceed? 4. Why is hygroscopicity an undesirable property of fertilizers? 5. How can you explain the following terms: critical relative humidity, moisture holding capacity, flow persistence, equilibrium relative humidity?
8. Give the annotation of the text using one of the schemes below:
The text deals with …, most important of them being (are) … .
The text is devoted to such properties of … as … .
9. Analyze grammar in the sentences with the words in italics.
10. Give the summary of the first paragraph of the text using the underlined word-groups in the paragraph and the Russian text below as an example:
Качество удобрений оценивается в отношении их характеристик (поведения) во время транспортировки, хранения и применения. Наиболее важными характеристиками удобрений являются гигроскопичность и тенденция к слеживанию, так как они образованы веществами, растворимыми в воде.
11. Give the summary of the second paragraph of the text using the underlined word-groups in the paragraph and the scheme below:
A number of … depend on … that’s why … may influence … .
It is important to know … of a fertilizer to appraise its … .
Maturing or … is the process of … which is accomponied (сопровождается) by … .
So … may take place.
12. Choose the key words from the third paragraph and write the summary of it.
13. Give the summary of the text.
14. Read the following words and word-combinations, pay attention to the pronunciation.
H – hydrogen [`haidriʤǝn]
Na – natrium [`neitriǝm]
O – oxygen [`ɔksiʤǝn]
Ca – calcium [`kælsiǝm]
Mg – magnesium [mæg`ni:zj∂m]
acid [`æsid] – кислота
oxide [`ɔksaid] – окисел, окись
nitrate [`naitreit] – нитрат
nitrite [`naitrait] - нитрит
amines [`æmainz]
HNO3 – nitric acid
N2O2 – nitric oxide
NH4NO3 – ammonium nitrate
KNO3 – potassium saltpeter [pǝ`tæsjǝm`so:ltpi:tǝ]
15. Read and translate some information about products produced at JSC ”AZOT”.
CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID HNO3
GOST 701-89
Grade A acids are applied:
- for the manufacture of articles in electronic and radioelectronic industries;
- for nitration of organic compounds;
- for the manufacture of explosives;
- for chemical treatment of metals;
- in medical industry;
- for the manufacture of plastics.
Grade Б acids are applied:
- for galvanic operations;
- for the manufacture of chemical agents;
- for dissolution of industrial product admixtures;
- for nitration of organic compounds;
- for the manufacture of explosives.
The concentrated nitric acid may be used for any other purposes.
Qualities. Nitric acid is toxic; strong oxidizer. When contacting many combustibles it causes their self-ignition. Contact with the skin causes acid burn.
The product is transported by road in aluminium barrels or by rail in aluminium tank cars, the priming throats of which should be thoroughly sealed.
TECHNICAL DATA
Grade A Grade Б
Fraction of total mass,%:
nitric acid, min. 98,6 97,5
sulphuric acid, max. 0,05 0,06
nitric oxides N2O2, max. 0,02 0,3
calcination residue, max. 0,014 0,025
WATER-PROOF AMMONIUM NITRATE NH4NO3
GOST
Grade ЖВГ water-proof granulated ammonium nitrate is widely used for the production of explosives, including the simpliest ones manufactured at the explosition works.
Qualities. The salpeter is a fire-hazardous oxidizer.
The product is packed in polyethylene bags; or in five-six-layer bitumized paper bags; or in five-layer paper bags laminated with mass of a bag is 50±1 kg.
Bags with salpeter are transported in box cars by rail or box deck vessels.
The guaranteed shelf life is 6 months since the date of manufacture.
TECHNICAL DATA
Appearance | Granulated product without visible foreign impurities or lumps of hardened cake |
Fraction total mass,%: ammonium nitrate in terms of dry substance, min. moisture, max. mixture of fatty acids with paraffine iron Acidity in terms of HNOs, %, max. Water stability determined by hydrodynamic instrument, Pa (cm of water column), min. Mechanical strength of granules for crushing, g/granule, min. , Mechanical fraction of granules from 1 to 3 mm in size, %, min. Friability, % | 99,0 0,8 0,3...0,4 0,06...0,07 0,07 2451,7 (25) 400 94 100 |
CARBAMIDE (UREA)
GOST 2081-92
Grade Б carbamide (urea) is widely used:
- in manufacture of plastics, adhesives, resins;
- in agriculture as the most effective nitrogen fertilizer.
Qualities. Carbamide is non-toxic, under normal conditions - fire - and explosion-proof.
The product is transported in bulk in closed tipping cars of "Hopper"-type, mineral carriers or box rail cars.
The guaranteed shelf life is 6 months since the date of manufacture.
DISTILLATED PRIMARY AMINES С17–С20
TU
Aliphatic amines C17-C20 are manufactures on basis sinthetic fatty acid petroleum industry and contain mixture of low-, middle-, and high-polimeric fractions of primary amines. Mixed fraction composition of amines in definite relation is guaranted a rise of fastening of amines to mineral, best and more higher in comparison with monoamine efficiency and effect selection of amines C17-C20 as reagent-collector for floatation of potassium ore of different composition, phosphorite of ores of non-ferrous and rare metals.
Distillated primary amines are widely used as:
- main raw material for the manufacture of many fine organic chemicals (including cation and amphoteric ПАВ);
- reagents for floating processing of potassium and tin ores;
- a non-slumping agent in potassium production;
- various emulsifying agents (for example to create and stabilize emulsified asphalt under northern conditions);
- effective film-forming inhibitors of metal corrosion in vapour and condensate pipelines, heat exchangers and distillators;
- agents preventing scale and sediment formation in steam boilers.
Qualities. The primery amines are practically insoluble in water but they are solved in alcohol, chloroform, acetone.
The product is transported in hermetically closed tanks, made of steel grade 3, with steam jacket.
The guaranteed shelf life is 12 months since the date of manufacture.
COMMERCIAL-GRADE POTASSIUM SALTPETER KNO3
GOST
Commercial-grade potassium saltpeter is widely used:
- as valid non-ballast fertilizers, the most effective to be applied for the plants with negative reaction to chlorine: berry and citric plants, sugar-beet, tobacco, grapes;
- as microfertilizers;
- in electrovacuum industry and optical glass melting for decolouration and clarification of cristal glass and strengthening articles of glass;
- for manufacturing black powders and special pyrotechnical mixtures, enamels, heat carriers.
Qualities. Potassium saltpeter is toxic, explosive and fire-hazardous. It is an oxidizer and is fast soluble in water.
The salpeter is transported in box-cars, packed in polyethylene bags inserted into paper mass of a bag is 50±1 kg.
The guaranteed shelf life is without limitations.
Notes on the Text
adhesive [∂d`hi:ziv] – клей
amphoteric - амфотерный
bitumized – битумированный
biuret – биурет
black powder – дымный порох
car - вагон
box-car – товарный вагон
box rail car – железнодорожный вагон
tank cars – (железнодорожная) цистерна
carry: mineral carry – минераловоз
cation [`kætaiǝn] - катионный
collector: as reagent-collector –в качестве реагента-собирателя
combustible – горючее, топливо
composition – состав
mixed fraction composition – смешанный фракционный состав
crushing – раздавливание
emulsifying – эмульгирующий
enamel [i`næml] – эмаль
fastening of amines to mineral – закрепление аминов на минералах
film-forming inhibitors – пленкообразующие ингибиторы
fire-hazardous [`hæzǝdǝs] – огнеопасный
floatation – флотация
floatation of potassium ore – флотационное обогащение калийных руд
fraction – частица, фракция
fraction of total mass – массовая доля
high-polimeric fractions of primary amines – высокомолекулярные фракции первичных аминов
friability – рассыпчатость
glass melting – стекловарение
hydrodynamic instrument – водоустойчивость по гидродинамическому прибору
ignition – воспламение
laminated – лиминированный
nitration - нитрирование
non-slumping agent – антислеживатель
petroleum industry – нефтехимическая промышленность
basis sinthetic fatty acid petroleum industry – синтетические жирные кислоты нефтехимического производства
potassium nitrite – азотнокислый калий
priming throat – наливной люк
relation – соотношение
residue – остаток
calcination residue – остаток после прокаливания
residue at a seave – остаток на сите
resin – смола
сommercial-grade potassium saltpeter – селитра калиевая техническая
scale – накипь
seal – герметизировать
sediment – осадок
shelf life – срок хранения
strengthening – придание прочности
tin – олово
treatment – обработка
vessel – сосуд
box deck vessel – закрытое палубное судно
Unit III
URALKALY
Part 1:
For Reading and Speaking
1. Here is an advertisement of JSC “Uralkaly”. You are a foreign businessman looking for a reliable supplier of potassium fertilizers. What information about this enterprise can you find in this advertisement?
Our Company Welcomes You
In the world JSC “Uralkaly” is known as a reliable supplier of potassium fertilizers. The annual output of produce, calculated as 100% of potassium dioxide exceeds 3,300,000 tons. The wide range of salts meets all the various demands of users. The production of non-dust-forming and dedusted as well as polycomponent forms of fertilizers is brought to a commercial level.
Our potassium fertilizers guarantee:
– high quality
– ecologically pure products
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