a) may
b) must
c) should
2) The water is cold, you…swim.
a) can
b) can’t
c) must
3) I…to cover the whole distance on foot.
a) can
b) have
c) must
10. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол:
1)... you meet her at the station?
a) does
b) did
c) was
2)... she cook breakfast every morning?
a) does
b) did
c) was
3)... the guests dancing when you came?
a) does
b) was
c) were
11. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:
Machine-Tools
Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeable.
All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and use cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and lubrication.
Machine-tools usually work materials mechanically but other machining methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece. Other machining methods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a laser beam. Numerical control of machine-tools and flexible manufacturing systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used flexibly for the manufacture of a range of products.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What are machine-tools used for?
2. How are most machine-tools driven nowadays?
3. What facilities have all machine-tools?
4. How are the cutting tool and the workpiece cooled during machining?
5. What other machining methods have been developed lately?
6. What systems are used now for the manufacture of a range of products without the use of manual labor?
Составьте словарь профессиональных терминов (15 слов и выражений)
Вариант 6
1. В каком из следующих слов звук, передаваемый буквой "у", отличается от остальных?
1) busy, 2) city, 3) pity, 4) mummy, 5) reply, 6) sunny, 7) any, 8) early.
2. Поставьте наречия в нужное место:
1) I get up very early in the morning (never).
2) I help my mother about the house (always).
3) He goes to school by the Metro (often).
3. Выберите правильный модальный глагол:
1) The sky is dark. It... rain soon.
a) may
b) should
c) has to
2) The lights are on. They... be at home.
a) may
b) must
c) are to
3) You... to come here again.
a) must
b) should
c) have
4. Выберите правильный вариант:
1)... is raining.
a) it
b) there
2) ... is a garden near a house.
a) it
b) there
3) What is... ?
a) it
b) there
4) Is... a library in your school?
a) it
b) there
5. Выберите правильный предлог:
1) I'm looking... my textbook which I left here.
a) at
b) for
2) It's getting dark, will you turn... the light, please.
a) on
b) off
3) I saw him playing football... that time.
a) at
b) in
6. Подберите пары синонимов:
1) to come in 2) to be a success 3) to answer 4) to come to see 5) to find out 6) to surprise | a) to visit b) to discover c) to make progress d) to astonish e) to enter f) to reply |
7. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) The shortest month of the year is....
a) January
b) February
c) March
2) The school year begins in....
a) January
b) June
c) September
3) April comes before....
a) March
b) May
c) June
8. Укажите, какое слово отличается от остальных:
1) writer, 2) builder, 3) teacher, 4) worker, 5) driver, 6) pilot, 7) lawyer, 8) painter, 9) dancer, 10) singer.
9. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол:
1)... you meet her at the station?
a) does
b) did
c) was
2)... she cook breakfast every morning?
a) does
b) did
c) was
3)... the guests dancing when you came?
a) does
b) was
c) were
10. Выберите правильную форму глагола:
1) I... not... your book today.
a) have brought
b) had brought
2)... you... the dinner by the time the guests came?
a) have cooked
b) had cooked
11. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:
Mechanical Properties of Materials
Engineers must know how materials respond to external forces, such as tension, compression, torsion, bending, and shear. All materials respond to these forces by elastic deformation. That is, the materials return their original size and form when the external force disappears. The materials may also have permanent deformation or they may fracture. The results of external forces are creep and fatigue.
Compression is a pressure causing a decrease in volume. When a material is subjected to a bending, shearing, or torsion (twisting) force, both tensile and compressive forces are simultaneously at work. When a metal bar is bent, one side of it is stretched and subjected to a tensional force, and the other side is compressed.
Tension is a pulling force; for example, the force in a cable holding a weight. Under tension, a material usually stretches, returning to its original length if the force does not exceed the material's elastic limit. Under larger tensions, the material does not return completely to its original condition, and under greater forces the material ruptures.
Creep is a slow, permanent deformation that results from a steady force acting on a material. Materials at high temperatures usually suffer from this deformation. The gradual loosening of bolts and the deformation of components of machines and engines are all the examples of creep. In many cases the slow deformation stops because deformation eliminates the force causing the creep. Creep extended over a long time finally leads to the rupture of the material.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What are the external forces causing the elastic deformation of materials? Describe those forces that change the form and size of materials.
2. What are the results of external forces?
3. What kinds of deformation are the combinations of tension and compression?
4. What is the result of tension? What happens if the elastic limit of material is exceeded under tension?
5. What do we call creep? When does this type of permanent deformation take place? What are the results of creep?
Составьте словарь профессиональных терминов (15 слов и выражений)
Вариант 7
1. В каких из следующих слов звук, передаваемый буквосочетанием "еа", отличается от остальных?
a) head, b) dead, с) thread, d) breath, e) beat, f) break, g) instead.
2. Отметьте существительные во множественном числе:
a) feet, b) children, с) tooth, d) data, e) news, f) advice, g) money, h) phenomena, i) postmen, j) woman, k) time, e) watch.
3. Выберите правильное местоимение:
1) Make... a cup of coffee.
a) your
b) yourself
2) Take... cup of coffee.
a) your
b) yourself
3) Look behind...!
a) you
b) yourself
4) You don't have to worry. He can take care of__
a) him
b) himself
4. Выберите правильный предлог:
1) She doesn't like noisy parties. She prefers to stay... herself.
a) by
b) for
2) Let's hear Harris singing a comic song and then you can judge... yourselves.
a) by
b) for
3) I don't believe it unless I see... myself.
a) by
b) for
5. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) Tom is their... son.
a) older
b) elder
2) Kiev is... than Kursk.
a) farther
b) further
3) Her baby is... than mine.
a) less
b) smaller
4) The situation changed from bad to....
a) well
b) worse
5) Her husband is twice as... as she is.
a) old
b) older
6) The more she knew this man the... she liked him.
a) little
b) less
6. Выберите правильную форму глагола:
1) We... five days a week.
a) work
b) works
c) are working
2) She... in the suburbs of Moscow.
a) live
b) lives
c) is living
7. Определите, в каком из предложений глагол "to be" является модальным:
a) She is a secretary.
b) She is in the office now.
c) She is working.
d) She is to start work at 9 tomorrow.
8. Выберите правильный вариант:
1) ... is never late to study.
a) it
b) there
2)... is no place like home.
a) it
b) there
3) ... is pleasant to walk in the woods.
a) it
b) there
4) Once upon a time... lived a beautiful princess.
a) it
b) there
5)... is nothing but your imagination.
a) it
b) there
9. Соотнесите глагол и существительное:
a) sign b) make c) become d) get e) post f) diagnose | a) model b) illness c) job d) appointment e) contract f) letter |
10. Выберите правильный модальный глагол:
1) The weather…change tomorrow.
a) may
b) must
c) should
2) The water is cold, you…swim.
a) can
b) can’t
c) must
3) I…to cover the whole distance on foot.
a) can
b) have
c) must
11. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:
Plastics
Plastics are non-metallic, synthetic, carbon-based materials. They can be moulded, shaped, or extruded into flexible sheets, films, or fibres. Plastics are synthetic polymers. Polymers consist of long-chain molecules made of large numbers of identical small molecules (monomers). The chemical nature of a plastic is defined by the monomer (repeating unit) that makes up the chain of the polymer. Polyethene is a polyolefin; its monomer unit is ethene (formerly called ethylene). Other categories are acrylics (such as polymethylmethacrylate), styrenes (such as polystyrene), vinys (such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC)), polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides (such as nylons), polyethers, acetals, phenolics, cellulosics, and amino resins. The molecules can be either natural — like cellulose, wax, and natural rubber — or synthetic — in polyethene and nylon. In co-polymers, more than one monomer is used.
The giant molecules of which polymers consist may be linear, branched, or cross-linked, depending on the plastic. Linear and branched molecules are thermoplastic (soften when heated), whereas cross-linked molecules are thermosetting (harden when heated).
Most plastics are synthesized from organic chemicals or from natural gas or coal. Plastics are light-weight compared to metals and are good electrical insulators. The best insulators now are epoxy resins and teflon. Teflon or polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) was first made in 1938 and was produced commercially in 1950.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What is the definition of plastics?
2. What is the basic chemical element in plastics formula?
3. What do polymers consist of?
4. What are long-chain molecules made of?
5. What plastics are the best electrical insulators?
Составьте словарь профессиональных терминов (15 слов и выражений)
Вариант 8
1. В каком из следующих слов звук, передаваемый буквосочетанием "al", отличается от остальных?
а) call, b) tall, с) ball, d) calm, e) hall, f) all, g) talk, h) walk.
2. Какой глагол подойдет ко всем предложениям?
1) I think it will... us about an hour.
2) They do not allow to... pictures in this museum.
3) The children will be... care of.
4) I advise you to... notes of the lecture.
5) They broke the window, then came in and... the video.
6) It is sometimes difficult to... a decision.
7) It’s very far. Let's... a bus.
8) Do you... me for a fool?
3.Выберите правильный модальный глагол:
1) The sky is dark. It…rain soon.
a)may
b)should
c)has to
2) The lights are on. They…be at home.
a)may
b)must
c)are to
3) You…to come here again.
a) must
b) should
c)have
4. Выберите правильную форму глагола «to be»:
1) I…writing a letter.
a) is
b) am
c) are
2) You are watching TV, …n’t you?
a) is
b) am
c) are
3) Who…reading the newspaper?
a) is
b) am
c) are
5. Выберите правильную форму существительного:
1) es every morning.
a) postman
b) postmen
2) How many... high is this house?
a) feet
b) foot
6. Выберите правильную форму глагола:
1) We... five days a week.
a) work
b) works
c) are working
2) She... in the suburbs of Moscow.
a) live
b) lives
c) is living
7. Определите, в каком из предложений глагол "to be" является модальным:
a) She is a secretary.
b) She is in the office now.
c) She is working.
d) She is to start work at 9 tomorrow.
8. Определите, в каком предложении глагол 'tо have" является модальным:
a) She has a lot of work today.
b) She has to do a lot of work today.
c) She has done a lot of work today.
9. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1) Must I come tomorrow? - No, you ....
a) mustn’t
b) can’t
c) needn’t
2) May I invite my friend to the party? - Yes, you...
a) can
b) may
c) must
10. Поставьте предложения так, чтобы получился связный рассказ:
1) Then it is decorated and put into a cool place for some time.
2) Then they are put into a pot.
3) First different fruits are taken.
4) It is served for dessert.
5) After that the salad is mixed.
6) They are carefully washed and cut into pieces.
7) Cream may also be added.
8) This is how a fruit salad is made.
11. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:
Mechanical Properties of Materials
Density (specific weight) is the amount of mass in a unit volume. It is measured in kilograms per cubic metre. The density of water is 1000 kg/ m3 but most materials have a higher density and sink in water. Aluminium alloys, with typical densities around 2800 kg/ m3 are considerably less dense than steels, which have typical densities around 7800 kg/ m3. Density is important in any application where the material must not be heavy.
Stiffness (rigidity) is a measure of the resistance to deformation such as stretching or bending. The Young modulus is a measure of the resistance to simple stretching or compression. It is the ratio of the applied force per unit area (stress) to the fractional elastic deformation (strain). Stiffness is important when a rigid structure is to be made.
Strength is the force per unit area (stress) that a material can support without failing. The units are the same as those of Stiffness, MN/m2, but in this case the deformation is irreversible. The yield strength is the stress at which a material first deforms plastically. For a metal the yield strength may be less than the fracture strength, which is the stress at which it breaks. Many materials have a higher strength in compression than in tension.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What is the density of a material?
2. What are the units of density? Where low density is needed?
3. What are the densities of water, aluminium and steel?
4. A measure of what properties is stiffness? When stiffness is important?
5. What is Young modulus?
6. What is strength?
7. What is yield strength? Why fracture strength is always greater than yield strength?
Составьте словарь профессиональных терминов (15 слов и выражений)
Вариант 9
1. В каком из следующих слов звук, передаваемый буквосочетанием "ed", отличается от остальных?
a) finished, b) worked, с) hoped, d) kissed, e) stopped, f) demanded.
2. Выберите правильный модальный глагол:
1) The weather…change tomorrow.
a) may
b) must
c) should
2) The water is cold, you…swim.
a) can
b) can’t
c) must
3) I…to cover the whole distance on foot.
a) can
b) have
c) must
3.Подберите слово, близкое по значению к подчеркнутому:
1) We do English at school.
a) work
b) learn
c) teach
d) know
2) She spoke to her English teacher after classes.
a) talked
b) said
c) told
d) discussed
4. Выберите правильную форму глагола:
1) Не... school two years ago.
a) finishes
b) will finish
c) finished
2) I... in the garden last Sunday.
a) worked
b) work
c) am working
3) He... a pilot during the World War II.
a) is
b) wilt be
c) was
5. Укажите, какой частью речи являются подчеркнутые в предложениях слова:
1) The new room was light and spacious.
a) существительное
b) прилагательное
c) глагол
2) Where shall we place the sofa?
a) существительное
b) прилагательное
c) глагол
3) He will head our delegation at the congress.
a) существительное
b) прилагательное
c) глагол
4) The exhibition was a great success.
a) существительное
b) прилагательное
c) глагол
6. Выберите правильную форму глагола:
1) I... all my exams in June.
a) have passed
b) passed
c) is passing
2) I... my exams and can have a good time now.
a) have passed
b) passed
c) am passing
3) I... my exams in June and go to the seaside with you.
a) have passed
b) passed
c) shall pass
7. Подберите слова, близкие по значению:
1) describe 2) writer 3) interesting 4) novel 5) famous 6) hero 7) scene 8) main | 1) exciting 2) book 3) author 4) well-known 5) write about 6) leading 7)character 8)action |
8. Укажите, какое из слов не имеет отношения к остальным:
1) did, 2) make, 3) described, 4) have come, 5) is writing, 6) looked, 7) showed, 8) will return, 9) enjoy, 10) dinner, 11) cooked, 12) is singing, 13) takes.
9. Укажите, к какой теме относятся все три предложения:
1) The plot is very simple. We enjoyed all the three acts. The show began at five.
a) cinema
b) theatre
c) exhibition
2) It's open from 9 till 6. We enjoyed it very much. The tickets are not expensive.
a)cinema
b) theatre
c) exhibition
10. Какой вопрос относится к подчеркнутому слову?
Mary loves Nick, her neighbour.
a) Who loves Nick?
b) Whom does Mary love?
c) What is Nick?
d) Why does Mary love Nick?
11. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:
Mechanical Properties of Materials
Ductility is the ability of a material to deform without breaking. One of the great advantages of metals is their ability to be formed into the shape that is needed, such as car body parts. Materials that are not ductile are brittle. Ductile materials can absorb energy by deformation but brittle materials cannot.
Toughness is the resistance of a material to breaking when there is a crack in it. For a material of given toughness, the stress at which it will fail is inversely proportional to the square root of the size of the largest defect present. Toughness is different from strength: the toughest steels, for example, are different from the ones with highest tensile strength. Brittle materials have low toughness: glass can be broken along a chosen line by first scratching it with a posites can be designed to have considerably greater toughness than their constituent materials. The example of a very tough composite is fiberglass that is very flexible and strong.
Creep resistance is the resistance to a gradual permanent change of shape, and it becomes especially important at higher temperatures. A successful research has been made in materials for machine parts that operate at high temperatures and under high tensile forces without gradually extending, for example the parts of plane engines.
Fatigue is the growth of cracks under stress. It occurs when a mechanical part is subjected to a repeated or cyclic stress, such as vibration. Even when the maximum stress never exceeds the elastic limit, failure of the material can occur even after a short time. No deformation is seen during fatigue, but small localized cracks develop and propagate through the material until the remaining cross-sectional area cannot support the maximum stress of the cyclic force. Knowledge of tensile stress, elastic limits, and the resistance of materials to creep and fatigue are of basic importance in engineering.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What is ductility? Give the examples of ductile materials. Give the examples of brittle materials.
2. What is toughness?
3. What properties of steel are necessary for the manufacturing of: a) springs, b) car body parts, c) bolts and nuts, d) cutting tools?
4. What do we call fatigue? When does it occur? What are the results of fatigue?
Составьте словарь профессиональных терминов (15 слов и выражений)
Список вопросов к зачету
1 Укажите вопросительную и отрицательную формы глаголов “to be”, “to have”.
2 Проспрягайте глагол “to be” в настоящем простом времени.
3 Когда используется оборот “there is/are”?
4 Образование сравнительной и превосходной степеней прилагательных
5 Образование множественного числа имен существительных.
6 Каков порядок слов в специальном вопросе? Дайте пример.
7 Дайте пример разделительного вопроса
8 Назовите личные и соответствующие им притяжательные местоимения.
9 Какие модальные глаголы есть в английском языке и что они выражают?
10 Какие видовременные формы английского глагола вы знаете?
11 Назовите, какое действие обозначает группа Indefinite
12 Назовите, какое действие обозначает группа Continuous
15 Назовите, какое действие обозначает группа Perfect
16 Назовите виды технического перевода.
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