Poverty Is No Crime: Measuring Poverty in Russian Regions (стр. 14 )

* significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%

Table 16 (continued). Probability of being poor – all regions. Ordered logit model

	Adygeya Republic	Bashkyrtostan Republic	Buryatia Republic	Dugestan Republic	Kabardino-Balkaria Republic	Komi Republic	Mordovia Republic	Tatarstan Republic	Udmurtia Republic	Sakha-Yakutia Republic
Number of members in HH	0.422*** [4.82]	0.563*** [5.77]	0.396*** [4.24]	0.561*** [6.57]	0.452*** [6.14]	0.353*** [3.69]	0.612*** [6.08]	0.561*** [6.57]	0.441*** [4.92]	0.264*** [3.50]
Share of children in HH	2.186*** [4.04]	0.326 [0.61]	1.806*** [3.54]	0.089 [0.19]	1.322*** [2.70]	1.376*** [2.75]	0.573 [1.06]	0.333 [0.68]	1.806*** [3.46]	1.728*** [3.53]
Adult member received pension	0.181 [0.85]	-0.057 [0.26]	0.017 [0.08]	-0.308 [1.49]	-0.304 [1.56]	-0.036 [0.17]	-0.106 [0.47]	-0.289 [1.34]	-0.018 [0.08]	0.252 [1.12]
Highest level of education in the HH - primary professional	-0.058 [0.19]	-0.098 [0.38]	0.425 [1.14]	0.089 [0.20]	0.039 [0.13]	0.096 [0.37]	0.531* [1.92]	-0.188 [0.64]	-0.32 [1.07]	-0.273 [0.84]
Highest level of education in the HH - secondary professional	-0.138 [0.67]	-0.138 [0.61]	-0.562*** [2.58]	-0.286 [1.27]	-0.039 [0.18]	-0.346* [1.68]	-0.267 [1.24]	-0.679*** [3.28]	-0.294 [1.45]	-0.439** [2.07]
Highest level of education in the HH - higher professional	-0.884*** [3.89]	-1.114*** [4.51]	-1.092*** [4.89]	-0.861*** [3.90]	-0.947*** [4.27]	-1.223*** [5.33]	-0.676*** [3.11]	-1.113*** [4.92]	-1.764*** [7.19]	-0.982*** [4.28]
Share adults working	-0.616* [1.67]	-1.649*** [4.42]	-1.225*** [3.71]	-0.547* [1.68]	-1.860*** [5.30]	-1.623*** [5.29]	-0.969*** [2.82]	-1.138*** [3.35]	-1.142*** [3.87]	-2.436*** [7.39]
Share adults working for government	-0.041 [0.11]	0.525 [1.54]	-0.304 [0.98]	-0.496 [1.44]	0.147 [0.44]	0.202 [0.73]	0.229 [0.70]	0.24 [0.82]	0.047 [0.17]	0.778*** [2.71]
Rural area	0.043 [0.24]	0.978*** [5.25]	0.789*** [4.40]	0.156 [0.68]	-0.503*** [2.67]	0.478*** [2.85]	0.305* [1.69]	0.238 [1.28]	0.431** [2.37]	0.641*** [3.55]
HH involved in agriculture	-0.818*** [4.52]	-0.994*** [5.10]	-0.590*** [3.23]	-0.955*** [4.33]	-0.496*** [2.64]	-0.302* [1.80]	-1.074*** [5.70]	-0.941*** [5.39]	-0.918*** [4.86]	-0.652*** [3.62]
HH with no males of working age	-0.194 [0.82]	-0.14 [0.55]	-0.266 [1.20]	-0.127 [0.52]	-0.447* [1.88]	0.457** [2.01]	-0.002 [0.01]	0.323 [1.38]	0.046 [0.19]	0.019 [0.08]
HH member in bad health	0.782*** [4.29]	0.084 [0.43]	0.021 [0.10]	0.372* [1.75]	0.539*** [2.87]	0.166 [0.85]	0.177 [0.96]	0.555*** [2.79]	0.241 [1.25]	0.113 [0.48]
Constant	-1.298*** [3.69]	-1.057*** [2.88]	0.093 [0.27]	-0.232 [0.65]	-0.252 [0.78]	-0.275 [0.75]	-0.578 [1.62]	-0.670* [1.95]	-0.399 [1.17]	0.291 [0.89]
Observations	865	880	861	880	869	880	870	872	867	870

Absolute value of z statistics in brackets

* significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%

[1] Russia is a large country with significant variation in climate conditions.

[2] The value of services that household receives from all the durable goods in its possession over the relevant time period or a user cost for durable goods (rental equivalent for durable goods).

[3] Average number of small children (age 0-6) in households with small children aged from 0 to 6

[4] Average number of children (age 7-15) in households with children aged from 0 to 6

[5] Average number of elderly in households with small children aged from 0 to 6

[6] Average number of adults in households with small children aged from 0 to 6

[7] Dependent variable equals 1 if household is poor and 0 otherwise

[8] Dependent variable equals 1 if household is poor and 0 otherwise

[9] Dependent variable equals 1 if household is poor and 0 otherwise

[10] Dependent variable equals 1 if household is poor and 0 otherwise

[11] Dependent variable equals 1 if household is poor and 0 otherwise

[12] Reference category – Krasnodarski krai

[13] Dependent variable:

0 - Per capita expenditures are higher than subsistence level
1 - Per capita expenditures are from 0.75 to 1.0 of subsistence level
2 - Per capita expenditures are from 0.5 to 0.75 of subsistence level
3 - Per capita expenditures are from 0.25 to 0.5 of subsistence level
4 - Per capita expenditures are less than 0.25 of subsistence level

Reference category - 0 - Per capita expenditures are higher than subsistence level

[14] Dependent variable:

0 - Per capita expenditures are higher than subsistence level
1 - Per capita expenditures are from 0.75 to 1.0 of subsistence level
2 - Per capita expenditures are from 0.5 to 0.75 of subsistence level
3 - Per capita expenditures are from 0.25 to 0.5 of subsistence level
4 - Per capita expenditures are less than 0.25 of subsistence level

Reference category - 0 - Per capita expenditures are higher than subsistence level