Poverty Is No Crime: Measuring Poverty in Russian Regions (стр. 7 )

* significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%

Table 7 (continued). Severity of poverty. Regions. Tobit regression

	Volgograd oblast	Voronezh oblast	Nizhni Novgorod oblast	Ivanovo oblast	Tver oblast	Kamchatka oblast	Kemerovo oblast	Kirov oblast	Kostroma oblast
Number of members in HH	0.066*** [5.71]	0.060*** [6.34]	0.075*** [6.84]	0.055*** [6.55]	0.050*** [5.19]	0.081*** [8.24]	0.043*** [4.27]	0.056*** [4.70]	0.053*** [5.33]
Share of children in HH	0.142** [2.29]	0.112* [1.81]	0.167*** [2.81]	0.191*** [3.69]	0.147*** [2.70]	0.031 [0.60]	0.156*** [2.67]	0.078 [1.14]	0.256*** [4.61]
Adult member received pension	-0.013 [0.52]	-0.048** [2.07]	-0.003 [0.12]	-0.001 [0.04]	-0.003 [0.12]	0.038* [1.85]	-0.056** [2.32]	-0.051* [1.76]	-0.002 [0.10]
Highest level of education in the HH - primary professional	-0.035 [1.10]	-0.026 [0.83]	0.038 [1.18]	0.044 [1.62]	-0.018 [0.62]	-0.047 [1.64]	0.037 [1.40]	0.016 [0.47]	-0.060** [1.97]
Highest level of education in the HH - secondary professional	-0.061** [2.52]	-0.054** [2.47]	-0.078*** [3.61]	-0.025 [1.39]	-0.065*** [3.06]	-0.067*** [3.05]	-0.064*** [2.84]	-0.077*** [2.88]	-0.101*** [4.93]
Highest level of education in the HH - higher professional	-0.158*** [5.84]	-0.114*** [4.92]	-0.142*** [5.97]	-0.092*** [4.47]	-0.120*** [4.92]	-0.160*** [6.97]	-0.139*** [5.29]	-0.172*** [5.47]	-0.190*** [7.53]
Share adults working	-0.199*** [5.45]	-0.194*** [5.03]	-0.107*** [3.24]	-0.182*** [6.73]	-0.122*** [4.10]	-0.226*** [8.15]	-0.237*** [6.84]	-0.140*** [3.67]	-0.115*** [3.56]
Share adults working for government	0.007 [0.20]	-0.051 [1.37]	0 [0.00]	-0.025 [0.94]	0.01 [0.35]	0.008 [0.30]	0.054 [1.54]	-0.034 [0.91]	0.014 [0.46]
Rural area	0.141*** [6.28]	0.078*** [3.82]	0.001 [0.06]	0.044*** [2.70]	0.082*** [4.52]	0.055*** [3.06]	0.045** [2.18]	0.115*** [5.04]	0.052*** [2.95]
HH involved in agriculture	-0.115*** [5.27]	-0.130*** [6.39]	-0.101*** [5.24]	-0.082*** [5.23]	-0.141*** [7.63]	-0.121*** [7.14]	-0.061*** [3.20]	-0.150*** [5.83]	-0.098*** [5.43]
HH with no males of working age	0 [0.00]	-0.04 [1.60]	0.03 [1.13]	-0.049** [2.30]	-0.025 [1.03]	0.017 [0.77]	-0.01 [0.41]	-0.039 [1.21]	-0.036 [1.46]
HH member in bad health	0.039* [1.74]	0.043** [2.39]	0.031 [1.45]	0.025 [1.52]	0.047** [2.45]	0.025 [1.23]	0.041** [2.11]	0.062*** [2.62]	0.004 [0.20]
Constant	-0.079* [1.74]	0.064 [1.61]	-0.078* [1.95]	0.017 [0.52]	-0.036 [0.99]	0.034 [1.02]	0.025 [0.70]	-0.004 [0.09]	0.012 [0.33]
Observations	880	880	861	870	869	870	878	861	870

Absolute value of t statistics in brackets

* significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%

Table 7 (continued). Severity of poverty. Regions. Tobit regression

	Samara oblast	Kurgan oblast	St. Petersburg	Lipetsk oblast	Moscow	Murmasnk oblast	Novgorod oblast	Novosibirsk oblast	Omsk oblast	Orel oblast
Number of members in HH	0.072*** [6.97]	0.063*** [5.42]	0.053*** [6.72]	0.061*** [5.77]	0.055*** [8.14]	0.055*** [5.14]	0.045*** [4.77]	0.065*** [7.01]	0.084*** [7.96]	0.056*** [6.17]
Share of children in HH	-0.009 [0.15]	0.111* [1.66]	0.093* [1.78]	0.143** [2.43]	0.124*** [3.03]	0.095 [1.59]	0.181*** [3.31]	0.133** [2.35]	0.091 [1.50]	0.254*** [4.01]
Adult member received pension	-0.026 [1.11]	-0.018 [0.64]	-0.006 [0.30]	-0.029 [1.14]	0.022 [1.51]	0 [0.00]	-0.033 [1.40]	0.011 [0.50]	-0.022 [0.87]	-0.043* [1.76]
Highest level of education in the HH - primary professional	0.008 [0.22]	0.013 [0.34]	0.009 [0.41]	0.002 [0.07]	-0.032 [1.48]	-0.003 [0.10]	-0.046 [1.47]	-0.05 [1.61]	-0.060* [1.80]	-0.042 [1.23]
Highest level of education in the HH - secondary professional	-0.089*** [4.08]	-0.068*** [2.84]	-0.034** [1.96]	-0.026 [1.14]	0.030* [1.79]	-0.074*** [3.19]	-0.091*** [4.21]	-0.086*** [3.97]	-0.148*** [6.02]	-0.049** [2.13]
Highest level of education in the HH - higher professional	-0.119*** [5.12]	-0.125*** [4.30]	-0.051*** [3.09]	-0.093*** [3.64]	-0.017 [1.09]	-0.213*** [7.96]	-0.138*** [5.62]	-0.161*** [7.11]	-0.252*** [8.51]	-0.117*** [4.66]
Share adults working	-0.220*** [6.28]	-0.216*** [5.58]	-0.288*** [9.55]	-0.181*** [4.63]	-0.317*** [9.99]	-0.178*** [5.73]	-0.158*** [4.76]	-0.063** [1.99]	-0.112*** [2.89]	-0.175*** [5.13]
Share adults working for government	0.041 [1.23]	-0.066* [1.73]	0.073*** [2.93]	0.022 [0.63]	0.112*** [4.10]	-0.096*** [3.23]	0.042 [1.39]	-0.046 [1.49]	0.017 [0.43]	-0.028 [0.82]
Rural area	0.075*** [3.57]	0.146*** [6.62]		0.128*** [6.18]		0.018 [0.93]	0.046** [2.54]	0.113*** [5.77]	0.120*** [5.03]	0.060*** [2.92]
HH involved in agriculture	-0.113*** [6.01]	-0.142*** [6.24]	-0.085*** [3.62]	-0.093*** [4.48]	-0.027** [1.97]	-0.022 [0.88]	-0.075*** [4.20]	-0.155*** [8.26]	-0.085*** [3.60]	-0.115*** [5.21]
HH with no males of working age	0.068*** [2.74]	-0.053* [1.84]	0.032* [1.75]	-0.034 [1.25]	0.063*** [4.07]	0.068*** [2.67]	-0.014 [0.57]	-0.012 [0.49]	0.006 [0.20]	-0.033 [1.33]
HH member in bad health	0.003 [0.17]	0.041* [1.89]	0.049*** [3.41]	0.047** [2.33]	0.025* [1.67]	0.070*** [3.27]	0.048** [2.41]	0.051*** [2.60]	-0.007 [0.29]	0.051** [2.53]
Constant	-0.032 [0.86]	0.057 [1.32]	-0.057* [1.90]	-0.182*** [4.64]	-0.04 [1.59]	-0.024 [0.61]	0.011 [0.29]	-0.026 [0.70]	-0.064 [1.61]	-0.047 [1.30]
Observations	880	863	943	880	854	870	863	875	880	861

Absolute value of t statistics in brackets