Robert Plutchick has proposed a theory of emotional mixture. He assumes that there are eight basic emotional reactions – anticipation, anger, joy, acceptance, surprise, fear, sorrow, and disgust. According to him, each primary emotional reaction can vary in intensity producing different shades of emotional experience. For instance, such basic reaction like fear can vary in intensity from timidity, through apprehension, fear and panic, up to terror. So we may have annoyance, anger, and rage as well as calmness, serenity, pleasure, happiness, joy and ecstasy.
Other psychologists took a more descriptive approach to the classification of emotions. This approach involves the isolation of one or more basic dimensions along which emotional reactions can be placed. Three main dimensions were described by various authors: intensity, pleasantness-unpleasantness, and approach-avoidance. The intensity dimension is the one most psychologists agree upon. It was also called a level of arousal or activation. And Elizabeth Duffy suggested that the term emotion be replaced by arousal or energy mobilization.
Emotions at the same level of intensity may be pleasant or unpleasant. Among the more aroused emotions appear joy, astonishment, hopefulness, and ecstasy on the pleasant side and disgust, fear, rage and terror on the unpleasant one. Among the less aroused emotions there are the pleasantness of material felling and the unpleasantness of grief.
Some new words and word-combinations for the text “Classification of Emotions”:
infinite большое количество, масса, множество;
огромный, очень большой; бесконечность,
бесконечное пространство
terror страх, ужас; лицо или вещь, внушающее
страх; тяжелый человек; сорвиголова
agony агония; мука, мучение, страдание; взрыв,
внезапное проявление чувств
anxiety беспокойство, тревога; боязнь, опасение,
страх; страстное желание ч-либо
jealousy ревность, ревнивость; зависть;
подозрительность; острая бдительность
embarrassment помеха, преграда, препятствие;
смущение, замешательство
disgust отвращение, омерзение; внушать
отвращение, быть противным
grief горе, печаль; огорчение; беда, бедствие,
несчастье
boredom скука, тоска
dejection сход, сошествие; упадок сил; подавленное
настроение, уныние
amusement забава, развлечение; изумление, отвлечение,
времяпровождение, приятное занятие
elation приподнятое настроение, восторг, бурная
радость, ликование, энтузиазм, эйфория
ecstasy экстаз, исступленный восторг
introspective интроспективный; проводящий самоанализ,
самонаблюдение
maturation развитие ( о способностях; болезни)
anticipation ожидание; предчувствие; предупреждение
acceptance одобрение, признание;
timidity робость, застенчивость
apprehension опасение, мрачное предчувствие; понимание;
мнение, представление
annoyance досада, раздражение; неприятность;
приставание, надоедание
calmness неподвижность, покой, тишина; спокойствие,
невозмутимость, хладнокровие
serenity безмятежность, спокойствие
dimension размах, величина, степень, мера; сторона,
аспект; важность, серьезность
pleasantness приятность
approach приближение, сближение
avoidance избегание, уклонение
arousal пробуждение; возбуждение
hopefulness оптимизм; надежда, виды на будущее
II. Answer the following questions:
1. Into what types are emotions differentiated?
2. How do basic emotional reactions develop?
3. What basic emotions did John Watson postulate?
4. What theory did Robert Plutchik propose?
5. How can each primary reaction vary?
6. What does the descriptive approach involve?
7. What are three main dimensions of emotions?
8. How are emotions differentiated at the same level of intensity?
9. What theory do you think to be the most influential?
Character and Communication
Communication is the most important skill in life. We spend most of our waking hours communicating. But consider this: You have spent years learning how to read and write, years learning how to speak. But what about listening? What training or education have you got that enables you to listen so that you really, deeply understand another human being from the individual’s own frame of reference?
Comparatively few people have had any training has been in the personality ethic of technique, truncated from the character base and the relationship base absolutely vital to authentic understanding of another person.
If you want to interact effectively with me, to influence me – your spouse, your child, your neighbor, your boss, your coworker, your friend – you first need to understand me. And you can’t do that with technique alone. If I sense you are using some technique, I sense duplicity, manipulation. I wonder why you are doing it, what your motives are. And I don't feel safe enough to open myself up to you.
The real key to your influence with me is your example, your actual conduct. Your example flows naturally out of your character, or the kind of person you truly are – not what others say you are or what you may want me to think you are. It is evident in how I actually experience you.
Your character is constantly radiating, communicating. From it, in the long run, I come to instinctively trust or distrust you and your efforts with me.
If your life runs hot and cold, if you are both caustic and kind, and, above all, if your private performance doesn’t square with your public performance, it’s very hard for me to open up with you. Then, as much as I may want and even need to receive your love and influence, I don’t feel safe enough to expose my opinions and experiences and my tender feelings. Who knows what will happen?
But unless I open up with you, unless you understand me and my unique situation and feelings, you won’t know how to advise and counsel me. What you say is good and fine, but it doesn’t quite pertain to me.
You may say you are care about and appreciate me. I desperately want to believe that. But how can you appreciate me when you don’t even understand me? All I have are your words, and I can’t trust words.
I am too angry and defensive - perhaps too guilty and afraid – to be influenced, even though inside I know I need what you could tell me.
Unless you are influenced by your advice. So if you want to be really effective in the habit of interpersonal communication, you cannot do it with technique alone. You have to build the Emotional Bank Accounts that create a commerce between hearts.
Some words and word-combinations for the text “Character and Communication”:
Skill искусство, мастерство, умение
Frame of reference точка зрения; критерий;
сфера деятельности, компетенция
Ethic нравственный, этический,
моральный, этичный
Technique метод; методика, способ;
технические приемы
Truncate урезывать, сокращать
Authentic аутентичный, истинный,
подлинный, верный,
достоверный; надежный,
Duplicity двуличность, лживость
Manipulation манипуляция, обращение;
махинация, подтасовка
Flow out изобиловать, в большом
количестве; происходить;
вытекать из …
Radiate распространять
Trust доверять; доверие
Caustic злая ирония; язвительность; яд;
резкий, остроумный, язвительный
Square прямой, честный, справедливый
Expose показывать; выставлять;
раскрывать
Tender нежный
Pertain быть свойственным, принадлежать
Care about заботиться
Appreciate ценить, оценивать; понимать;
принимать во внимание
Desperately безнадежно; крайне; ужасно,
отчаяно
Defensive защитный, оборонительный
Uniqueness уникальность
Empathic сочувствующий, сопереживающий
Контрольная работа для слушателей заочного обучения, обучающихся по специальности 050407.65 - « Педагогика и психология девиантного поведения»
Вариант 1
I. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский, обращая внимание на функции глагола « to be»:
1. All students are at the lecture of Crime Psychology.
2. Sigmund Freud was an outstanding psychologist.
3. Yesterday at 5 o’clock I was preparing my home exercises.
4. English is spoken in many countries of the world.
5. I am to do the work at once.
6. I am very thirsty.
II. Переделайте предложения, стоящие в настоящем времени в прошедшее или будущее время, используя слова в скобках:
1. The students are in the reading hall ( before the lessons).
2. I am glad to meet my friend ( yesterday).
3. He is going to Sochi ( when I met him).
4. My friend is a psychologist ( in 5 years).
5. They are in Moscow ( during summer vacation).
6. She is working at the library now ( at 5 o’clock tomorrow).
III. Переведите предложения с глаголом « to have»:
1. I’m awfully hungry. I didn’t have any dinner.
2. I have to complete this work today, because I’ll have no time for it tomorrow.
3. I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been?
4. The students of our group had a scientific conference yesterday.
5. The students will have a lecture in philosophy in a week.
6. She has a very terrible headache.
IV. Откройте скобки, используя соответствующие местоимения:
1. Give ( they, they) notebooks.
2. She lives in Krasnodar with ( she) family.
3. He is a friend of (I).
4. May I have ( some, any) water please?
5. He has ( few, a few) friends, only five.
6. Let (they) go there.
V. Составьте предложения, используя конструкцию « there is/are». Предложения переведите:
1. traffic lights, at every corner, of the street.
2. a few English books, in our library.
3. a lot of parks and gardens, there.
4. time, to visit the museum, no.
5. some years ago, only, a few new houses, in our street.
6. time, to do this work tomorrow?
VI. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в нужном времени, предложения переведите.
1. He often ( buy) flowers to his girlfriend.
2. When the phone rang, he ( answer) it.
3. When the phone rang, he ( watch) TV.
4. This incident happened while I (go) to work.
5. My friend ( buy) a new car last week.
6. I ( see) her at once. She never ( look) so helpless.
VII. Выберите нужный модальный глагол, употребив его в правильной форме ( should, ought to, must, to be to, to have to, can, may, need ). Предложения переведите.
1. I don’t think you … offer to help him.
2. He was very rude. He … apologize the next day.
3. It was too expensive. I … not buy it.
4. We … get up early if we want to catch the train.
5. You … not eat in the lecture hall.
VIII. Переведите предложения с английского на русский, обращая внимание на использование пассивного залога:
1. English is spoken in many countries of the world.
2. The invitation will be sent tomorrow.
3. Only the best out of the best are admitted to the University.
4. My letter was answered at once.
5. We will be joined by a group of our students in Sochi.
IX. Письменно переведите текст.
When children under detention at the San Bernando County Probation Department in California become violent, they are put in a small cell with one distinctive feature – it is bubble-gum pink. The children tend to relax, stop yelling and often fall a sleep within 10 minutes said the director of clinical services for the department.
This approach to calming maniac and psychotic juveniles contrasts sharply with the use of brute force.
“ We used to have to literally sit on them”, said the clinical psychologist. “ Now we put them in the pink room. It works.”
Not all psychologist are quite sure; many remain skeptical. Nevertheless, officials at an estimated 1,500 hospitals and correctional institutions across the USA have become sufficiently convinced of the pacifying effect of bubble-gum pink to color at least one room that shade.
Passive pink, as it is also called, is perhaps the most dramatic example, and certainly the most controversial, of many attempts to use light and color to affect health and behavior. Already, there are enough color schemes to spark nightmares about mind control; red to increase appetite in restaurants, ultraviolet to reduce cavities and boost children’s intelligence, and blue to swell the ratio of female chinchilla babies to males.
X. Выберите из текста 3 предложения в разных видовременных формах и задайте к ним все типы вопросов ( общий, специальный, включая вопрос к подлежащему, альтернативный и разделительный
Контрольная работа для слушателей заочного обучения, обучающихся по специальности 050407.65 - « Педагогика и психология девиантного поведения»
Вариант 2
I. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский, обращая внимание на функции глагола « to be»:
1. She was watching TV at 9 o’clock yesterday.
2. Sigmund Freud was an outstanding psychologist.
3. I shall be not at home to-night.
4. English is spoken in many countries of the world.
5. Such books are to be found in all libraries.
6. I am very happy to study at the Krasnodar University of the Interior, because it is the best one in Russia
II. Переделайте предложения, стоящие в настоящем времени в прошедшее или будущее время, используя слова в скобках:
1. My friend is a doctor ( in 5 years).
2. Such problems are discussed at our meeting ( yesterday).
3. He is going to Sochi ( when I met him).
4. On Monday our first lesson is English ( next Monday).
5. They are in Moscow ( during summer vacation).
6. The train is to arrive at 10 ( but it was late).
III. Переведите предложения с глаголом « to have»:
1. I have to get up early on Mondays.
2. He has returned to Moscow.
3. I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been?
4. Have you any books on psychology?.
5. The students will have a lecture in philosophy in a week.
6. She had a very good rest last summer.
IV. Откройте скобки, используя соответствующие местоимения:
1. (Nobody, anybody) knows ( he).
2. Let (I) know if anything happens.
3. He is a friend of (I).
4. May I have ( some, any) water please?
5. He has ( few, a few) friends, only five.
6. Let (they) go there.
V. Составьте предложения, используя конструкцию « there is/are». Предложения переведите:
1. an institute, in your town, five years ago?
2. in three years, a theater, near my house?.
3. many, seminars, last week.
4. time, to visit the museum, no.
5. will be, at the conference, a lot of people.
6. time, to do this work tomorrow?
VI. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в нужном времени, предложения переведите.
1. We ( play) tennis for 3 hours.
the end of this year I (live) here for 20 years.
3. What you (do) here? – I (look) for my pen.
4. He (go) to the theater every Sunday.
5. They ( finish) their work by last Monday.
6. I ( enter) the University next year.
VII. Выберите нужный модальный глагол, употребив его в правильной форме ( should, ought to, must, to be to, to have to, can, may, need ). Предложения переведите.
1. The problem … be discussed again.
2. It … have been true.
3. You … not come today.
4. He … to help his friend.
5. I … find this material only yesterday
VIII. Переведите предложения с английского на русский, обращая внимание на использование пассивного залога:
1. A new rule is being explained now.
2. Much had been learnt by the end of the term
3. The student was asked to tell the material once again.
4. Sochi is very much admired by the visitors.
5. The children will be allowed to watch TV.
IX. Письменно переведите текст.
Depression is widespread among college students. As many as 78 percent of college students suffer some symptoms of depression. Forty-six percent of the students have intense enough depression to make some professional help appropriate. At least twice the rate of suicides occur among college students each year as among nonstudents of similar age.
Each year 100,000 college students threaten suicide and some 1,000 actually kill themselves. This problem is found not only in the United States of America, but in European countries, India and Japan as well. During a nine-year period, twenty-three students enrolled at the University of California committed pared to their nonsuicidal classmates, these students appeared to be moody, drove themselves harder, and were depressed frequently. Their depression often took the form of extreme agitation. Most of them gave recurrent warnings of their suicidal intent. The major precipitating factors seemed to be worry about schoolwork, concerns about health, and difficulties in their relationships with others.
Perhaps one effective way to reduce this problem is to make students aware that what they are experiencing is not unique. The majority of students have the same discomforts. This might help them decide more intelligently how to deal with depression and where to seek help.
X. Выберите из текста 3 предложения в разных видовременных формах и задайте к ним все типы вопросов ( общий, специальный, включая вопрос к подлежащему, альтернативный и разделительный)
Контрольная работа для слушателей заочного обучения, обучающихся по специальности 050407.65 - « Педагогика и психология девиантного поведения»
Вариант 3
I. Переведите предложения с английского языка на русский, обращая внимание на функции глагола « to be»:
1. Our work will be completed next week.
2. There were many new words in the dictation.
3. At 2 o’clock our family is having dinner.
4. A foreign delegation was to visit the exhibition.
5. The article has just been typed.
6. Hard work is a guarantee of success.
II. Переделайте предложения, стоящие в настоящем времени в прошедшее или будущее время, используя слова в скобках:
1. He is twenty ( in 1999).
2. Such problems are discussed at our meeting ( yesterday).
3. Are you working at the library now? ( at 5 o’clock)
4. On Monday our first lesson is English ( next Monday).
5. The lesson is over ( in 5 minutes).
6. My friend is preparing to enter the Krasnodar University of the Interior (last year).
III. Переведите предложения с глаголом « to have»:
1. I have a lot of free time.
2. We usually had dinner in the canteen.
3. I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been?
4. The teacher has to explain this grammar rule again
5. You will have to do this research in a day.
6. She has a very good rest every summer.
IV. Откройте скобки, используя соответствующие местоимения:
1. How (many, much) time does it take you to get there?.
2. Let (I) know if anything happens.
3. He is a friend of (she).
4. (We) University is very large
5. Give ( they, they) notebooks.
6. If you find ( some, any) money on the floor, it’s (I).
V. Составьте предложения, используя конструкцию « there is/are». Предложения переведите:
1. much information, about you.
2. no mistakes in your test.
3. many, seminars, last week.
4. time, to visit the museum, no.
5. will be, at the conference, a lot of people.
6. time, to do this work tomorrow?
VI. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глагол в нужном времени, предложения переведите.
1. The students ( write) a test now.
2. They ( write) it for an hour already.
3. They (discuss) the article for a long time when I came.
4. When he (come)? He ( come) 10 minutes ago.
5. I (speak) to him before you return.
6. I ( enter) the University next year.
VII. Выберите нужный модальный глагол, употребив его в правильной форме ( should, ought to, must, to be to, to have to, can, may, need ). Предложения переведите.
1. I … not imagine her teaching children.
2. He … not return the book on Monday.
3. Let’s hurry up. We … not be late.
4. He … to leave for Sochi.
5. Soon I’ll … to speak English.
VIII. Переведите предложения с английского на русский, обращая внимание на использование пассивного залога:
1. A new rule is being explained now.
2. Much had been learnt by the end of the term.
3. The student was asked to tell the material once again.
4. The question hasn’t been answered properly.
5. They are taught English at our University.
IX. Письменно переведите текст.
Boys and girls are more likely to be delinquent if they have delinquent friends, do not regard stealing as particularly wrong, and are not close to their fathers.
The discovery, which throws light on one of the most crime prone age groups, has been made in a survey for the research and planning unit of the Home Office.
About a third of offenders dealt with by the criminal justice system are under 17 years of age. The peak age for officially recorded offending is 15 for males and 14 for females. About 160,000 juveniles a year are found guilty or cautioned for indictable offences. The contribution to, and cost of crime by young teenagers when they are still very much part of the family and still at school is enormous.
There have been big changes in the pattern of family life in the past 10-15 years with more mothers working outside the home, more marriage breakdowns and an increase in the numbers of single-parent families.
Young people’s lives also seem to be more autonomous than those of earlier generations, and there is ample publicity about apparent increases in vandalism, shoplifting, drug misuse and hooliganism. These factors help fuel the fear that families are no longer effectively helping to protect their children from delinquency.
X. Выберите из текста 3 предложения в разных видовременных формах и задайте к ним все типы вопросов ( общий, специальный, включая вопрос к подлежащему, альтернативный и разделительный)
Тексты для обязательного изучения слушателями заочного отделения по специальности 050407.65 - педагогика и психология девиантного поведения
About myself
This is a short story about myself. I am here just after the secondary school (army service). My name is..... I am from.... I am a freshman ( first-year student) of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. I am a future police officer. I am a future psychologist. I have chosen this profession because psychology is one of the most rapidly developing social sciences, touching almost every aspects of our lives. There are many branches and specialties in psychology such as: clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists, social psychologists, community psychologists etc. I would like to become a counseling psychologist because he counsels people with adjustment problems, combines research, consultation and treatment.
But my fellow student... wants to be a social psychologist, he (she) will study how people influence one another. Perhaps I will be a community psychologist and I will treat distressed people within the community, initiate community action and develop community programs to enhance mental health.
Because psychology affects so many aspects of our lives, I am to handle with person's behavior, his inner life, personality, patterns of thought and consciousness. I am to answer some of serious human problems - mental illness, helping persons to become more self - actualizing.
I hope I will be a good specialist in psychology.
My Future Profession
I am a freshman of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. It is one of the police colleges in our country. We are future police officers and psychologists for law enforcement agencies. But some of us are future operatives and investigators
My schoolmates are envoys of many regions of our country. They are from different towns and families but they are equal members of our multinational college family.
Our future work is psychology. Psychology is the science of mind and behavior. It is one of the most rapidly developing social sciences, touching almost every aspect of our lives. It studies the inner life of a human being, the personality, the patterns of thought, consciousness and behavior of the person. Society which has become more complex is turning more and more to psychology to answer some of the serious human problems of our day and age. Psychology is to solve such diverse problems as mental illness, human factors in space exploration as well as in helping persons become more self-actualizing.
Psychology is the branch of biological science. The main task of psychology is materialistic investigation of the highest forms of human psychic activity, of their evolution in the process of socio-historical development and of the fundamental laws of their operation.
Our future work is not easy so we are to be ready for that work and to study not only psychology and its branches but many other subjects such as: Logic, Sociology, Fundamentals of medicine, etc. We are to learn how to communicate with people especially with potential criminals, witnesses and victims.
Some new words for the text
центр, сосредоточение
Emphasis особое внимание ( значение)
Human being человек ( разумное существо)
Diverse разный, различный
Exploration исследование
Psychic (mental) психический
Socio-historical социально-исторический
Sociology социология
Branch отрасль
Phenomena явление(от лат.)
Evolution эволюция, развитие,
Law enforcement agencies правоохранительные органы
Answer the following questions:
1. What is your name?
2. What are you now?
3. What region are you representative of?
4. What kind of educational establishment is our University?
5. What is at the disposal of the cadets of our University?
6. Are you a future psychologist?
7. What is your future profession?
8. What is the main task of psychology?
9. What professional skills and abilities are you to get as future militia officer?
Тексты для обязательного изучения
MY UNIVERSITY
Our University was founded in 2006. Initially it was a special, militia school for working militiamen than it became an Institute and than an Academy of the Interior. Nowadays our University is one of the colleges in the system of law enforcement professional education in Russia. Our University trains detectives, investigators, psychologists etc. for Krasnodar and Krasnodar region. But our graduates work in all police services. Like in all other colleges of the Interior there are two kinds of training militia personal there: in service and pre-service training. There are two departments at our University - the day department and the correspondence department. There are also refresher courses for veterans of police service, mostly men in command who are going to move up the promotion ladder. .
In order to enter the Krasnodar University an applicant must pass the entrance examinations successfully.
There are routine regulations at our University which all the students are to keep up with. According to the regulations the trainees are to wear a police uniform.
The trainees of our University have all conditions for getting a good education. There are many law enforcement experts of great practical experience, Doctors of Law, professors, Masters of Law, assistant-professors etc. They are doing their best to give the militia cadets professional specialization and general and cultural education.
There are many specially equipped classrooms, up-to-date laboratories, lecture- halls, gymnasiums, libraries, computer classrooms, a firing range which are effective for proper training. There are big conference halls, a complex of sport facilities.
The term of training at the Krasnodar University of the Interior is five years. The trainees study many different subjects such as: Social Sciences, Psychology, Fundamentals of Medicine, Civil and Criminal Law, foreign languages, etc. The student gradually going through freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years of intensive law enforcement and psychological professional training and getting a diploma of a lawyer or a psychologist for law enforcement organs.
Every day the students have lectures, seminars, tutorials, practical exercises. There are comfortable student hostels with all modern conveniences. A shop, a snack bar, post office, medical services, a large Zoo are at our cadets disposal. Our University is the best one in Russia.
Answer the following questions:
1. When was our University founded?
2. What kind of educational establishment is our University?
3. Who does our University train?
4. How many departments are at our University? What are they?
5. Is there any selection system for the applicants to the Krasnodar University?
6. What are the requirements for cadets of the Krasnodar University?
7. Do the trainees have all conditions for getting a good education? What are they?
8. What subjects do trainees study at our University?
9. What is the term of training at the Krasnodar University?
10. What facilities are there at our University?
Scope of Psychology
Psychology as a science studies mental activity and human behaviour. Psychologists study basic functions such as learning, memory, language, thinking, emotions, and motives. They investigate development throughout the life span from birth to death. They are involved in mental and physical health care. They treat people who are emotionally distressed.
Psychology occupies a strategic position between natural and social sciences on the one hand, a between sciences and humanities, on the other.
Diagram to illustrate the place of psychology among the sciences and humanities
I. Natural Sciences Zoology III. Humanities
Physics Philosophy
Chemistry Literature
Pharmacology Neurophysiology History of Art
Mathematics and Anatomy Religion
Psychology
II. Social Sciences IV. Applications
Anthropology Education
Sociology Law and Criminology
Economics Management
Political Science Medicine
Linguistics Psychiatry
Each of the subjects listed in the four groups has its own relationship with psychology. For example, knowledge of physics and chemistry is necessary to provide a scientific basis for experimental psychology. Psychology is also closely linked to sociology. But whereas sociologists direct their attention to groups, group processes, and social forces, social psychologists focus on group and social influences on individuals. Psychology and biology are also closely connected. Physiological psychologists investigate the role of the brain and the nervous system in such functions as memory, language, sleep, attention, movement, perception, hunger, anger and joy. On the other hand, psychologists took much from the theory of knowledge, logic and philosophy of science. Besides, psychology separated from philosophy.
The word “psychology” is derived from the Greek word meaning “ study of the mind or soul”. So in the definition of psychology there are three basic words: “ science”, “ behaviour”, “ mental processes”.
“ Science” means rational investigation of processes and “ behaviour” psychologists mean everything that people and animals do: actions, emotions, ways of communication, developmental processes.
“Mental processes” characterize the work of the mind and the nervous system.
Major Specialists in Psychology
Clinical psychologist assesses and treats people with psychological problems; conducts research.
Counseling psychologist counsels people with adjustment problems and promotes achievement in educational and work settings; combines research, consultation and treatment.
Industrial ( organizational) psychologist combines research, consultation, program development to enhance morale and efficiency on the job.
Educational psychologist develops, designs and evaluates materials and procedures for educational programs.
Social psychologist studies how people influence one another.
Developmental psychologist studies change in behaviour with age.
Experimental psychologist conducts research.
School psychologist establishes programs, consults treats youngster’s problems, and does research in the school setting.
Cognitive psychologist studies mental processes.
Community psychologist treats people within the community; initiates community action and develops community programs to enhance mental health.
Engineering psychologist designs and evaluates environments, machinery, training devices, programs, and systems to improve relationships between people and environment.
Personality psychologist studies how and why people differ from one another and how those differences can be assessed.
Physiological psychologist studies the physical bases of behaviour and cognition.
Psychometric ( quantitative) psychologist develops and evaluates tests; designs research to measure psychological functions.
Some new words for the text “ Scope of Psychology”
1. scope сфера, область; возможности
2. life span продолжительность жизни
3. distressed обделенный, бедный,
подверженный стрессу
4. humanities гуманитарные науки;
5. neurophysiology нейропсихология
6. anthropology антропология
7. psychiatry психиатрия
8. social environment социальная среда
9. social forces зд. факторы
10. asses давать оценку, оценивать
11. promote содействовать, создавать
благоприятные условия
12. counsel давать совет, рекомендовать
13. work setting рабочая обстановка
14. adjustment исправление, улаживание
15. enhance увеличивать, усиливать,
повышать, усугублять
16. morale моральное состояние
17. develop зд. совершенствовать 18. developmental эволюционный, связанный
с развитием
19. design зд. составлять, создавать
20. cognitive познавательный
21. cognition познавательная
способность, познание
munity общество, общность, сообщество,
объединение
23. psychometric психометрический
24. quantitative количественный
25. treat рассматривать; обращаться,
обходиться, иметь дело;
лечить
26. primary activities основные виды деятельности
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