Английский язык (стр. 4 )

Для выполнения контрольной работы №2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Времена групп Simple, Continuous и Perfect в действительном и страдательном залогах.

2. Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность - can (could), may (might) и их эквиваленты to be able to и to be allowed to; б) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование – must и его эквиваленты to be to , to have to, а также should, ought to, need.

3. Существительное в функции определения (Noun + Noun).

Задание 1. Запишите предложения. Выпишите из них сказуемые, определите их видо-временные формы и залог. Переведите предложения.

Образец выполнения:

1) The worker is being victimized Рабочий подвергается преследованиям

by his employer. своего работодателя.

is being victimized – Present Continuous Passive от глагола to victimize

2) By the end of his term in prison К окончанию своего тюремного срока

he had altered completely. он полностью изменился.

had altered – Past Perfect Active от глагола to alter

1. The witness claimed that he hadn’t seen the accused before.

2. The authorities are planning to carry out a thorough investigation into the crash.

3. The film star had been followed by the same man for months.

4. When he arrived a witness was being cross-examined by the prosecuting counsel.

Задание 2. Запишите предложения и подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

1. You should install burglar alarms in your cars.

2. The President is to visit Brussels next week.

3. My friend had to pass an examination before she could practice law.

4. The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.

Задание 3. Запишите предложения. Переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод существительных в функции определения. Подчеркните существительные в функции определения.

1. Prospective jurors are chosen at random from voter registration lists.

2. Why do middle-class women steal food from supermarkets?

3. They accessed the information from government computer systems.

4. People in Britain who are unemployed sign on at the Employment Exchange every two weeks and claim their Unemployment Benefits.

Задание 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

Elections in Great Britain

1. The maximum life of the House of Commons has been restricted to five years since the Parliament Act 1911. The franchise (right to vote) became universal for

men in the nineteenth century. Women’s suffrage came in two stages (1918 and 1928).

2. For parliamentary elections the United Kingdom is divided into 650 constituencies of roughly equal population. The average constituency contains

about 60,000 registered votes. Any British citizen from the age of 18 registered as an elector for the constituency elects a single member to the House of Commons.

3. Voting is on the same day (usually on Thursday) in all constituencies, and the voting stations are open from 7 in the morning till 9 at night. Each voter has only one vote, if he knows that he will be unable to vote, because he is ill or has moved away or must be away on business, he may apply in advance to be allowed to send his vote by post. Voting is not compulsory. But in the autumn of each year every householder is obliged by law to enter on the register of electors the name of every resident who is entitled to vote. Much work is done to ensure that the register is complete and accurate. It’s only possible to vote at the polling station appropriate to one’s address.

4. As in Britain the political scene is dominated by the Conservatives and the Labour Party, in every constituency each of these parties has a local organization whose first task is to choose the candidate and which then helps him to conduct his local campaign. Any British subject can be nominated as a candidate, there is no need to live in the area, though peers, clergymen, lunatics and felons in prison are disqualified from sitting in the House of Commons.

5. There are usually more than two candidates for each seat. The candidate who wins the most votes is elected. This practice is known as the majority electoral system.

Задание 5. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. How often are the elections held in Great Britain?

2. Are electors allowed to vote by post?

13. Задания для выполнения

контрольной работы № 3

Вариант 1.

Для выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Причастие (Participle I и его сложные формы и Participle II) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

2. Независимый причастный оборот. Правила его перевода.

3. Инфинитив. Формы и функции инфинитива в предложении.

4. Объектный инфинитивный оборот (оборот «сложное дополнение).

5. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (оборот «сложное подлежащее).

6. Сослагательное наклонение. Три типа условных предложений.

Задание 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите, обращая внимание на перевод зависимых определительных и обстоятельственных причастных оборотов и независимого причастного оборота. Определите форму и функцию причастия. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот.

Образец выполнения:

The case being tried in the European court Дело, рассматриваемое в Европей-

is of great political importance. ском суде, имеет большое полити-

being tried – Present Participle Passive, ческое значение.

определение

Having answered all the questions Ответив на все вопросы, свидетель

the witness left the courtroom. покинул зал суда.

having answered – Perfect Participle Active, обстоятельство

1. Almost all the bills considered by the Parliament are introduced by the government itself.

2. We’ll inform you about the results of the investigation being conducted.

3. Having been acquitted the defendant immediately left the courtroom.

4. The Constitution proclaiming the peaceful nature of the state, there is a special chapter in it formulating the principles of the foreign policy.

5. The US Congress consists of two chambers, each of them being elected by citizens of all states.

Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что сложные формы инфинитива и инфинитивные обороты передаются при переводе придаточными предложениями. Подчеркните инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты.

1. The evidence to be found at a crime scene is very important for the investigation.

2. The British Constitution is considered to be unwritten because it is not codified as a whole in any particular document.

3. The accused wanted his case to be tried with a jury.

4. The Constitution has been repeatedly amended to meet the changing needs of the nation.

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на условные придаточные предложения.

1. If a barrister agrees, he will take this case.

2. This man would not have been imprisoned if he had not violated the law.

3. If you were absolutely sincere with your solicitor, he would help you.

Задание 4. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите письменно 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста.

Barristers and Solicitors

1. Most barristers are professional advocates earning their living by the presentation of civil and criminal cases in court. A barrister must be capable of prosecuting in a criminal case one day, and defending an accused person the next, or of preparing the pleadings and taking the case for a plaintiff in a civil action one day, and doing the same for a defendant the next. Barristers are experts in the interpretations of the law. They are called in to advise on really difficult points.

2. A would-be barrister[3] must first register as a student member of one of the four Inns of Court2. A student must pass a group of examinations to obtain a law degree and then proceed to a vocational course, the passing of which will result in his being called to the Bar3.

3. All practicing barristers are junior counsels unless they have designated Queen’s Counsels (QC)4. QC is expected to appear only in the most important cases.

4. If a person has a legal problem he will go and see a solicitor. There is no end to the variety of matters which a solicitor deals with. He does legal work involved in buying a house, he writes legal letters for you and carries on legal arguments outside Court, he prepares the case and the evidence. If you want to make a will the best man to advise you is a solicitor.

5. In a civil action solicitors have a right to speak in the County Court, when the case is one of divorce or recovering some debts, and they deal with petty crimes and some matrimonial matters in Magistrates Courts, the lowest Courts.

6. To become a solicitor a young man joins a solicitor as a “clerk” and works for him while studying part time for the Law Society[4] exams. When you have passed all the necessary exams, you may apply to the Law Society to be “admitted”. After that you can practice, which means you can start business on your own.

Задание 5. Ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What must a barrister be capable of?

Вариант 2.

Для выполнения контрольной работы №3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Причастие (Participle I и его сложные формы и Participle II) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

2. Независимый причастный оборот. Правила его перевода.

3. Инфинитив. Формы и функции инфинитива в предложении.

4. Объектный инфинитивный оборот (оборот «сложное дополнение).

5. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (оборот «сложное подлежащее).

6. Сослагательное наклонение. Три типа условных предложений.

Задание 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите, обращая внимание на перевод зависимых определительных и обстоятельственных причастных оборотов и независимого причастного оборота. Определите форму и функцию причастия. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот.

Образец выполнения:

The case being tried in the European court Дело, рассматриваемое в Европей-

is of great political importance. ском суде, имеет большое полити-

being tried – Present Participle Passive, ческое значение.

определение

Having answered all the questions Ответив на все вопросы, свидетель

the witness left the courtroom. покинул зал суда.

having answered – Perfect Participle Active, обстоятельство

1. While investigating this case the officer interviewed a lot of people.

2. Evidence obtained by illegal means is not admitted by the judge.

3. Having been filled out the forms were handed in to the secretary.

4. The Senate consists of 2 members from each state chosen for two years, one third being reelected every 2 years.

5. The district courts being the primary link of the judiciary, most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts.

Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что сложные формы инфинитива и инфинитивные обороты передаются при переводе придаточными предложениями. Подчеркните инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты.

1. The defendant’s fingerprints proved to be the only means of identifying the victim.

2. The family wanted the old man to be declared insane.

3. The crime to be investigated by Scotland Yard occurred on the Thames.

4. To cross-examine all witnesses in a short period of time is not easy.

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод условных придаточных предложений в зависимости от типа условных предложений.

1. The barrister would have never taken the case if he hadn’t believed in her innocence.

2. If the jury consider a prisoner guilty, the judge will pronounce a sentence.

3. If the investigator didn’t find physical evidence, it would be difficult to investigate the crime.

Задание 4. Прочтите и переведите текст. Перепишите и переведите письменно 3-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

Administration of Justice in Great Britain

1. Persons offending against the law are summoned before a court of law. The summons issued by the court states the charges moved against the offender by the persons suing him. When a defendant is brought before a court the charge is read out to him and he is asked whether he pleads guilty or not guilty. If he pleads guilty, he is sentenced by the court. If he pleads not guilty, a jury of 12 persons must be formed and summoned to attend the court.

2. The trial begins with opening the case for the prosecuting party and hearing the evidence of the witnesses for the prosecution. On the completion of the plaintiff’s case and evidence, the defendant’s case is stated and evidence is heard in support of it.

3. The accused is entitled to be defended by the counsel. Witnesses for the prosecution may be cross-examined by the accused or his counsel. The accused may call witnesses or give evidence in his own defence. At the conclusion of the evidence, and after speeches on both sides, the judge sums up the case to the jury. The jury consider the verdict. If they decide that the accused is not guilty, he is immediately discharged. If the jury return the verdict of guilty, sentence is pronounced by the judge.

4. The following punishments for crime can be inflicted: life imprisonment, imprisonment consisting in correcting training[5] or preventive detention2; detention centres for juvenile delinquents, persons between 16 and 21, convicted of offences punishable with imprisonment; fine, a money penalty, generally imposed for minor offences; probation3 – placing the offender under the supervision of a probation officer4 and so on.

5. The defendant may appeal against the sentence to the Court of Appeal up to the House of Lords, which is the supreme judicial body of Great Britain.

Задание 5. Ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What is the supreme judicial body in Great Britain?

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¹ B. C. before Christ – до нашей эры

² Hebrew Law – древнееврейское право

³ Book of Exodus – Исход (2-я книга Ветхого Завета)

4 A. D. anno Domini (лат.) – нашей эры

[1] Commonwealth – Содружество (межгосударственное объединение Великобритании и большинства бывших английских доминионов и колоний).

² Continent – Европейский материк (в противопоставление Британским островам).

[2] the Whigs – виги (историческое название Либеральной партии)

² rank-and - file members – рядовые члены

[3] would-be barrister – будущий барристер

2 Inns of Court – «Судебные инны» (четыре корпорации барристеров в Лондоне; пользуются исключительным правом приема в адвокатуру; в школах при этих корпорациях готовят барристеров; существуют с XIV в.)

3 to be called to the Bar – быть принятым в коллегию адвокатов

4 Queen’s Counsel (QC) – королевский адвокат (высшее адвокатское звание)

 

 

[4] Law Society – Общество юристов (профессиональный союз солиситоров)

[5] orrecting training – исправительное перевоспитание

2 preventive detention – превентивное заключение

3 probation – пробация, система испытания (вид условного осуждения)

4 probation officer – инспектор, наблюдающий за лицами направленными судом на работу