1. He... our guest.
2. Yesterday they... very busy.
3. There... four exams next month.
5.a)Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct form.
1. I... through English magazines every day. ( to look).
2. The secretary... cables in the mornings. (to read).
3. She... to the office at 9. (to come).
4. Our manager seldom... letters in the morning. (to write).
5. I... in the office all day. (to stay).
6. It is 4 p. m. The manager... customers. (to meet).
7. Mr. Brown... with Mr. Lavrov now. (to speak).
8. We... a French lesson now. (to have).
9. What are you doing? I... through the window. (to look).
10. Nick... television now. (to watch).
b).Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct form.
1. He... in a factory last year. (to work).
2. They... in Tomsk two years ago. (to live).
3. He... that text book a week ago. (to buy).
4. Her elder brother... in a big factory two years ago. (to work).
5. Their younger sister... in Kiev a few years ago. (to live).
6. Tom... a film on television at the time. (to watch).
7. They... a business journal when they came in. (to read).
8. The secretary... letters when Mr. Smith came. (to write).
9. We... important talks at that time. (to have).
10. They... at that time. (to work).
Task 16.
1. Write the transcription :
joy, carry, us, took, eye, paper, ant, under, gold, people.
2. Insert the correct preposition where necessary.
1. Where are you? I am... the classroom.
2. The nice carpet... the floor makes our sitting room comfortable.
3. ...night we can seethe moon.
4. What country are you...? I am... America.
5. What’s the number... your phone?
6. He comes... home after work by bus.
3. Insert articles where necessary.
1. P. Tchaikovsky... great Russian composer in loved all over... world.
2. Jack is... Liberal.
3. I am... Atheist.
4. What sort of... man is your brother?
5. John Brown lives in... England.
4. Open the brackets using the verb to be.
1. They... pupils of the 10th Form.
2. He... not in the park yesterday.
3. There... an interesting exhibition next month.
5.a)Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct form.
1. We... cables in the morning.(to write).
2. Our manager... to the office at 8.(to come).
3. Sometimes we... out, but sometimes we ... at home. (to go, to stay).
4. We... customers in the evening. (to meet).
5. I... my work at 5. (to finish).
6. John... talks now. ( to have).
7. His French is poor. HeFrench now. (to learn).
8. What are you doing? I... a telex. (to read).
9. Nick... coffee now? (to drink).
10. Whom... she... to? (to listen).
b)Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct form.
1. They... TV last night. (to watch).
2. Mary... us to type the letters yesterday. (to help).
3. The... to see the Browns last night. (to go).
4. Peter’s mother... French to us last week. (to learn).
5. My elder brother... ill last week. (to be).
6. She... to compact disks when I came. (to listen).
7. The secretary... to the director on the phone. (to speak).
8. They... through newspapera at that time. (to Look).
9. Mike... a business journal when the phone rang up. (to watch).
10. They... Mr. Brown to Sheremetyevo Airport at that time. (to take).
Task 17.
1.Write and read the transcription:
boil, apple, sun, pull, fine, trade, claud, butter, grown, meet.
2.Insert the correct preposition where necessary.
1. We all live... a three-room flat.
2. What’s... TV today?
3. Their diplomas give them the right to teach... school.
4. Nick often borrows books... the school library.
5. He often goes... a walk there.
6. Tell... us all about that event.
3.Insert articles where necessary.
1. ... opera Ivan Susanin is on the theathre today.
2. The kitchen serves us as... diningroom.
3. Is that... easy text?
4. What was your first imppression of... London?
4.Open the brackets using the verb to be.
1 He... Russian.
2 We... not glad to see them yesterday.
3 There... an interesting film on TV tomorrow.
5.Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct form.
1 Our engineers... customers in the evening.(to meet)
2 Our secretary... to the office at 8.(to come)
3 The economist of our office... his work at 5.(to finish)
4 I always... lunch at 4.(to have)
5 Our manager... in the office till 9 in the evening. (to stay)
6 We see that you... your new coat today. (to wear)
7 Jane... lunch in the office now. (to have)
8 ... you... ?(to sleep)
9 They... in Europe at present. (to travel)
10 I... now. (to speak)
b) Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct form..
1 He... some visitors yesterday. (to receive)
2 They... the new text the day before yesterday.(to translate)
3 Peter... a letter to his father last Monday. (to write)
4 Jane... us about that yesterday.(to tell)
5 He... very tired yesterday.(to be)
6 Tom... waiting for the British delegation at 6 yesterday. (to be)
7 They... this question when we came in. (to discuss)
8 The Browns... their things at that time. (to pack)
9 We... at a hotel when Mr. Bell came. (to wait)
10 Sam`s daughter... her French at that time. (to have)
Часть II
Темы для самостоятельного чтения по специальности
Unit I
Economic systems
I. Прочитайте следующие слова и переведите их на русский язык.
Economics, a science of the production of goods, the distribution of goods, the consumption of resources, available resources, to achieve the maximum achievement, human wants for products, nature, labor and capital resources, to produce goods and services, microeconomics, macroeconomics, to allocate resources, limited in supply.
Text 1.
“What is economics”
II. Прочитайте текст и переведите его.
There is a number of ways an economy can be organized : market, command or mixed.
III. Выпишите из текста ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. What is economics?
2. What aims does economics serve?
3. What resources is it based on?
4. How can an economy be organized?
IV.Заполните пропуски необходимыми по смыслу словами из текста.
1. Economics is … of the production, distribution and consumption of goods.
2. It serves to achieve … of society’s unlimited demands for goods and services.
3. The main aim of economics is … human wants for products.
4. The main resources of a country such as …….. can be limited in supply.
5. An economy can be organized as ……., ……., ……. .
V. Переведите с русского на английский язык следующие словосочетания.
Проблема использования, ресурсы страны в сфере экономики, основные принципы производства, распределение и потребление товаров, неограниченные потребности в товарах и услугах, удовлетворять запросы людей, ограничение спроса и предложения, рыночная экономика, плановая экономика, смешанная экономика.
VI. Give a short summer of the text, mark the main characteristics of economics. (Дайте краткий пересказ текста, выделив основные характеристики)
VII. Прочитайте текст «Адам Смит»,переведите его и выпишите предложения, где изложены его основные идеи экономической теории.
Text 2.
Adam Smith a great Scottish economist
Economics as a social science may be divided into two main theoretical schools : classical and neo-classical.
The founder of the classical school was Adam Smith, Scottish philosopher and economist of the 18th century. He became famous because of this main book “Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations” (1776) where he emphasized the benefits of specialization and exchange. His contention was that the right goods and services were produced if producers were free to seek profits and then the “invisible hand” of market forces would ensure that the decision was correct. Markets providing this policy remained free of government regulation. The production of goods and services were dictated by what buyers wanted. It was based of competition which ensured it. The doctrine of Adam Smith is still regarded as the main study of economics. It sets out the basic principles of free enterprise economy where the prices are determined by supply and demand. It is regarded as the basic for the theory of economic liberalism. The adoption of the market by most of the former Communist states has added to current interest in the theories of Adam Smith.
Unit II
Text 1.
I.ППрочитайте и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на русский язык.
Private enterprise economy, the means of production, economic decision-making, highly-decentralized economy, to allocate through a number of markets for goods and services, to bring together buyers and producers, to establish prices and suitable profit rewards, suppliers, to highlight, proponents of enterprise system, the inefficiencies and rigidities, state bureaucracy, to act as an important spur, to encourage enterprises, to lower prices, to better goods and services.
II. Прочитайте текст и переведите его.
The organization of a private enterprise of market economy is based on the principle that the means of production belong to individuals or businesses. The main characteristic of this system is that economic decision making is highly decentralized. The resources are allocated through a large number of individual markets for goods and services. The buyers and producers are brought together. The market itself establishes prices for goods and suitable profit rewards for suppliers. It also determines the amount of product to be produced and sold. All the inefficiencies and rigidities usually associated with state bureaucracy are highlighted by the proponents of command economics. It is pointed out that in a market economy competition acts as an important spur to efficiency. It encourages to lower prices and the better goods and services.
III. Выпишите из текста предложения с подчеркнутыми словами и словосочетаниями и дайте их письменный перевод.
IV. Выпишите из текста основные характеристики рыночной экономики.
V. Задайте пять вопросов к тексту.
VI. Переведите на английский язык.
Одной из основных проблем в экономике является проблема распределения ресурсов для различного применения и как распределять товары и услуги, производимые для членов общества
Необходимо решить:
1. Какие товары следует производить, и в каком количестве.
Это одна из основных проблем любой экономической системы, чтобы удовлетворит потребности граждан.
2. как производить основные товары и услуги.
Общество должно определить тип экономической системы, которая будет их производить.
3. как распределять товары и услуги.
Эти проблемы являются общими для всех общественных систем. Сторонники рыночной экономики отмечают, что она в полной мере разрешает эти проблемы и обеспечивает удовлетворение всех потребностей в продуктах, товарах и услугах, обеспечивает низкие цены и улучшенные качества товаров.
Text 2
Command economics
I. Прочитайте текст и переведите его.
In a state where economic decision-making is centralized in the hands of the state command or state economy is used. The means of production, exept labor, are under collective owenership. The state decides which products and their amount are to be produced in accordance with their centralized plan. All resources are allocated between producing units by quotas.
Advocates of this system emphasize its benefits. They say that the allocation of resources is unified, the wastes of duplication inherited in competition are avoided. But in the late 1980s the planned economics has been totally discredited.
II.Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям, выпишите их.
Плановая экономика, быть сосредоточенным в руках государства, средства производства, коллективное владение (собственность), в соответствии с, распределяться по квотам, сторонники системы, подчеркивать преимущества, распределение ресурсов, ущерб от дублирования, дискредитировать.
III. Выпишите основные характеристики системы.
IV. Сравните две экономические системы, используя текст в уроке I и II.
Market economy | Command economy |
V. Выскажите свою точку зрения в виде небольшого утверждения.
Начните его со словосочетаний:
To my mind …
In my opinion …
I think that …
My point of view is that …
Text 3
Mixed economics
In a mixed economy there are two parts which goods are services. One is in the hands of the state, for example, medical care, education, while others are in the hands of private enterprises. This combination of private enterprises and state activities is typical for many countries, it is influenced by the policy of the government. This variant of economics can be found in Britain, France and other countries of the European Community where the programs of privatization have been adopted. The “free market” economy and the mixed economy prevail after the collapse of the command economics of the countries of the former Soviet bloc.
I.Переведите текст на русский язык.
II. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is a mixed economy?
2. What does this type of economy prevail in partial countries varies substantially?
Revision
I. Заполните таблицу, выписав основные характеристики экономических систем на английском языке на основе изученных текстов.
Market economy | Command economy | Mixed economy | |||
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative |
Unit III
Financial institutions and Markets
I. Read the text and translate one of them in written form.
Financial institutions can be classified into deposit-taking an longer-term saving institutions.
1. Types of Deposit taking institution
Deposited taking institutions comprise the following types of banks: commercial saving, merchant; building societies ( in the USA they are called as saving and loan societies); finance houses. They all rely on deposits from individuals and businesses for their funds. They pay interests on deposits and make a profit on their operations by lending out money or buying securities at higher rates or interests.
2. Banks
The commercial banks provide a money-transmission service for their depositors, such reducing changes and paying standing orders. They are involved in all three categories of short-term finance as well as mortgage finance.
Saving banks invest most of his funds in loan and share capital and government stocks;
Merchant banks specialize in business loans and “underwrite” new share issues on the stock market. They can buy up shares that are not sold on the open market.
3. Other types deposit-taking institutions
Building societies specialize in mortgage finance, for instance loans for buying houses or lands etc. Finance houses deal with installment loans (hire purchase) and leasing ( i. e. buying business assets such as machinery and cars, which are then hired out to companies.)
4. Longer-term savings institutions
They are pension funds, insurance companies, unit trust and investment trust companies.
Pension funds are institution that collect all personal savings from contributors and provide them with pension payments in their retirement.
Insurance companies collect funds from individuals and businesses on a long-term basis. They also provide insurance to cover loss of life and injury or to cover personal and business property against loss or damage.
Unite trusts and investment trust companies are institutions that issue “units” and shares for purchase by small investors.
5. The Financial markets
The financial markets comprise two main channels for bringing together borrowers & lends, sabers and investors: the money market and the stock market.
The money market deals in short-term financial securities (bills of exchange and Treasury bills) and inter-bank loans. The stock market deals mainly in company stocks and shares and government stocks. It performs two main functions: It provides a “new-issue” market for companies and the government to raise capital by the sale of new stocks and shares. It also provides a secondary market for the day-to-day buying and selling of existing stocks and shares.
Shares provide a permanent source of finance for the company to exist. The shareholders of a company are its legal owners. They are entitled to a share in its profits.
The grown of multinational companies and finantional institutions led to an opening-up of stock markets around the world. It also led to a greater independence between them. Nowadays shares can be traded simultaneously across stock markets in New-York, London and Tokyo. New satellite and computerized communication systems are used for transmission.
Tasks for the Unit
I. Give the Russian equivalents to the following word combination from task 1 and 2.
To rely on deposits for one’s funds; to make a profit on lending out money; to provide a money-transmission service for one’s depositors; short-term finance; mortgage finance; to invest one’s funds in loan; to share capital and government stocks; to specialize in business loan; to deal with installment loans and leasing; to buy up shares.
II. Find the English equivalents in the text 4 and 5.
Собирать пенсионные взносы; обеспечить выплату пенсии при выходе на пенсию; собирать налоги с частных лиц и предпринимателей; обеспечить страхование жизни, личного имущества/собственности от потери или убытка; заемщики и кредиторы; краткосрочные финансовые активы, векселя и казначейские векселя, внутренние банковские займы, ценные бумаги и облигации, провести новую эмиссию с целью увеличения капитала путем продажи новых ценных бумаг и акций, обычная покупка и продажа ценных бумаг и акций.
III. Write a short summary of the Unit and answer the question:” What are the main financial institutions and markets?”
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