Английский язык (стр. 5 )

2)  The students …………… say that these demands are unreasonable if they have agreed to them half a year ago.

3)  We …………... balance our department’s budget until we haven’t found enough paying customers for this course.

4)  Faculty members …………… work with each individual student if there is not enough time.

5)  To evaluate their self-study progress students ………….. talk to the tutor, they can fill in a special form on-line.

III. Вставьте вместо точек модальный глагол may, must или need. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1) The document will be non-binding, but …………. eventually lead to pressure to arrange binding agreements.

2) Are you sure we …………. to come earlier?

3) My group mates have already passed the exam, it …………… be easier than we think.

4) Many experts suppose that this program …………. make life easier, if you follow all that rules.

5) The book …………… be really absorbing if you’ve finished it in 3 days.

IV. Вставьте вместо точек модальные глаголы must, have to, be to, needn’t’ и правильную форму инфинитива, указанного в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Our theoretical model displays that the child’s aspiration in studies ………………. correspond to the parental level of education. Thus any deviation of this model is impossible.

2) As college professors are not people to decide on the educational process planning they ……………… work in the environment created for them.

3) As the advertisement booklet says student ……………… to get 3 semesters of practice in company management.

4) The director said we ……………… do something to increase the amount of students next year.

5) The sales staff …………. attend the meeting, but the Personnel people ……….. .

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на английский язык.

1)  Джеймс всегда умел рисовать.

2)  Может ли она перезвонить вам позже? – Нет, нельзя, меня не будет дома.

3)  Они, вероятно, знают какие экзамены легче сдавать.

4)  Он должен прийти вовремя, если хочет, чтобы экзаменатор его выслушал.

5)  Нам нужно вернуть эти книги к третьему июля? - Нет, их можно оставить до середины месяца.

6)  Они полагают, что закончат проект к четвергу.

7)  Им не обязательно иметь только отличные оценки, чтобы принять участие в этой программе.

8)  Куда он уходить? – Должно быть, он не знает, что мы начинаем через 5 минут.

9)  Чтобы подать заявку на участие в конкурсе она должна сдать эссе.

10)  Им незачем знать об условиях конкурса, не хочу чтобы они в нем участвовали.

VI. Вставьте вместо точек модальный глагол can (can't, could) и правильную форму инфинитива, указанного в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на правила перевода модальных глаголов с перфектным инфинитивом

1)  If they hadn’t wasted so much time they ……… (finish) the school with A-grades only.

2)  If I had taken the project seriously, I ………….. (be) more prepared now.

3)  You ……………. (send) the application earlier if you had heard that the enrollment starts earlier here.

4)  This book is brand-new, you ……….. (read) it!

5)  Our idea ……………. (destroy) because of your unconsciousness.

VII. Вставьте вместо точек модальные глаголы should, must и правильную форму инфинитива, указанного в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на правила перевода модальных глаголов с перфектным инфинитивом

1)  We still haven’t heard from our director. He ………….. (forget) our case.

2)  We have been using this book for our subject for years. To be prepared for today’s discussion you …………… (read) it!

3)  We saw this advertisement last week and …………….. (call) them immediately, the vacancy it taken now!

4)  I didn’t expect them to leave so early. – Your friend …………… (tell) them something unpleasant.

5)  Last year they donated only $20.000. - Their financial contribution ……………. (be) much bigger to be notice by the members of this club.

VIII. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на английский язык.

1)  Их наставник мог бы дать им больше заданий, если бы знал, что они уже проходили базовый курс.

2)  Не может быть, чтобы у тебя не осталось ни одного экземпляра журнала, их ведь было очень много.

3)  Результаты нашего исследования могли бы быть использованы лучшим образом, но получилось не очень качественно.

4)  Она, наверное, никогда не любила его.

5)  Барбара, вероятно, написала речь, но не успела выучить её.

6)  Я прошу прощения. Мне не следовало это говорить.

7)  Они, должно быть, не успели оплатить счета, если нам отключили телефон.

8)  Ей надо было бы раньше об этом вспомнить.

9)  На кухне осталось много неубранной посуды, Кэрри и Джеймс, должно быть, уходили в спешке.

10)  Не может быть, чтобы ему не удалось уговорить её поехать с нами. Раньше ему это легко удавалось.

IX. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите выделенный абзац.

University and research libraries

Before the invention of printing, it was common for students to travel long distances to hear famous teachers. Printing made it possible for copies of a teacher's lectures to be widely disseminated, and from that point universities began to create great libraries. The Bodleian Library (originally established in the 14th century) at Oxford University and Harvard University Library (1638) at Cambridge, Mass., are superior to many national libraries in size and quality. In addition to a large central library, often spoken of as the heart of a university, there are often smaller, specialized collections in separate colleges and institutes.

In a university library many users may seek to use the same books at the same time. The difficulty of providing multiple copies has vexed most university librarians, who must balance slender resources against sometimes vociferous demand. To handle the problem, many libraries have set up a short-loan collection (typically called the reserve collection) from which books may be borrowed for as little as a few hours. The use of computers for circulation control has brought some relief through great flexibility of operation and capacity for instant recall of information on the whereabouts of a particular work.

The range of research carried out at a traditional university may encompass every aspect of every discipline, and even the largest university libraries have long recognized the need for cooperation with others, first in cataloging and later in acquisitions. Automation and computers have helped, too, by making it possible for readers in one library to consult the catalogs of others, as well as independent databases, indexes, and abstracts, by means of computer networks. The printing of multiple volumes of union catalogs, especially for periodicals, proved the value to scholars of sharing information on catalogs and collections. Many universities have made available catalogs of their special collections and have arranged for the reproduction both of rare individual works and of complete collections on microfilm and in other formats. An example is the Goldsmiths'-Kress collection of early works in economics, which combines the holdings of the Goldsmiths' Library at the University of London and the Kress Library at Harvard.

Public libraries are now acknowledged to be an indispensable part of community life as promoters of literacy, providers of a wide range of reading for all ages, and centres for community information services. Yet, although the practice of opening libraries to the public has been known from ancient times, it was not without considerable opposition that the idea became accepted, in the 19th century, that a library's provision was a legitimate charge on public funds. It required legislation to enable local authorities to devote funds to this cause.

Public libraries now provide well-stocked reference libraries and wide-ranging loan services based on systems of branch libraries. They are further supplemented by traveling libraries, which serve outlying districts. Special facilities may be provided for the old, the blind, the hearing-impaired, and others, and in many cases library services are organized for local schools, hospitals, and jails. In the case of very large municipalities, library provision may be on a grand scale, including a reference library, which has many of the features associated with large research libraries. The New York Public Library, for example, has rich collections in many research fields; and the Boston Public Library, the first of the great city public libraries in the United States (and the first to be supported by direct public taxation), has had from the first a twofold character as a library for scholarly research as well as for general reading. In the United Kingdom the first tax-supported public libraries were set up in 1850; they provide a highly significant part of the country's total national library service. The importance of public library activities has been recognized in many countries by legislation designed to ensure that good library services are available to all without charge.

In many cases public libraries build up collections that relate to local interests, often providing information for local industry and commerce. It is becoming more usual for public libraries to lend music scores, phonograph records, compact discs, and, in some countries—notably Sweden and the United Kingdom—original works of art for enjoyment, against a deposit, in the home.

Not all countries provide public library services of an equally high standard, but there has been a tendency to recognize their value and to improve services where they exist or to introduce them where they do not. Public librarians work strenuously, through such organizations as the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA), for such developments.

X. Перепишите следующие слова и словосочетания и выпишите из текста их эквиваленты:

1)  распространять

2)  займ

3)  обращение

4)  выполнять

5)  осуществлять

6)  отрывок

7)  множественный

8)  признавать

9)  незаменимый

10)  законодательство

XI. Переведите следующие слова и найдите их синонимы:

1)  general

2)  initially

3)  broadly

4)  moreover

5)  numerous

6)  to found

7)  an ability

8)  immediate

9)  certain

10)  particularly

XII. Дайте письменные ответы на следующие вопросы:

1)  When were the first libraries created?

2)  What kind of work is carried out at libraries?

3)  Why are public libraries important?