(Participle I & Gerund)
Причастие I и Герундий - неличные формы глагола, которые не имеют ни времени, ни числа, ни лица.
различия
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Герундий Свойства Причастие
св-ва сущ. глагола св-ва прилаг.
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Общее
Формы герундия и причастия I совпадают:
V + ing = reading, crying having
-ed
V-ing
being -ed
having
been - ed
Запомните!
Герундий отличается от причастия I:
- функциями в предложении;
- наличием предлога или притяжательного местоимения.
Функции в предложении
ГЕРУНДИЙ | Подлежащее Именная часть сказуемого Дополнение Обстоятельство с предлогом Определение с предлогом |
ПРИЧАСТИЕ | Обстоятельство без предлога Определение без предлога |
Упражнение 6
1)asked 2) having dictated
asking being dictated
being asked dictated
having asked without dictating
having been asked having been dictated
with asking dictating
3) dictated 4) on discussing
dictating having discussed
having dictated having been discussed
being dictated discussed
having been dictated being discussed
Способы перевода причастия в предложении
1. The student writing this article is my friend. | Студент, пишущий эту статью... |
2. Hearing the case the judge made some notes. | Cлушая дело, судья... |
3. The case being heard in the court was very serious. | Дело, рассматриваемое... |
4. Being sent on a mission, he is always given a number of important tasks. | Когда его посылают в командировку, то ему... |
5. Having written this article the student sent it to the journal. | Написав эту статью, студент... |
6. Having been written this article was sent to the journal. | После того, как статья была написана... |
7. This article written by him was very interesting. | Эта статья, написанная... |
8. When written, this article was sent to the journal. | Когда статья была написана... |
Способы перевода герундия в предложении
1. Solving this problem is a difficult job. | Решение (решать)... |
2. His having solved the problem surprised me. | То, что он решил... |
3. Our aim is solving problem. | Решение... |
4. He likes solving difficult problems... | решать... |
5. I know of the problem having been solved. | ... что задача была решена. |
6. The way of solving the problem is not easy. | Решить, решение... |
7. In solving the problem he made some mistakes. | Решая... |
8. On solving the problem he began to make an experiment. | При решении... |
solving the problem he got the necessary results. | Решая, решив... |
10. You cannot do without solving the problems... | решив, ...без решения |
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 7
В каком из следующих английских предложений выделенная группа слов будет переводиться как:
1. Вводя новые слова. . .
a) Introducing new words, the teacher explains their meanings.
b) Having introduced the new words, the teacher asked one of the students to read them.
c) Having been introduced the new words were repeated by us in chorus (хором).
2. Достигнув успеха. . .
a) Having been achieved the success did not prevent (мешать) the poet from working hard and developing his talent.
b) Achieving success and recognition (признание) some poets and writers stop working hard and developing their talent.
c) Having achieved success and recognition, the poet went on working hard improving his skill.
3. Когда статья была написана. . .
a) Writting the article he had to use a lot of foreign materials.
b) Having written the article, he decided to publish it.
c) The article being written, he asked us to discuss it.
4. Получив письмо. . .
a) Receiving letters from his foreign friend he always tells us the news his friend writes him about.
b) Having received the letter, he showed it to the chief engineer.
c) Having been received the letter was shown to everybody.
Упражнение 8
Определите, какими частями речи явялются выделенные слова в следующих предложениях; на чистом листе бумаги напишите соответственно цифровой и буквенный индексы правильных ответов.
А) герундий; Б) причастие; В) существительное
1. The cinema being built in our street is of modern design.
2. Being built of coloured stone and plastics the cinema will look fine.
3. This is a good beginning.
4. Having taken the examinations, he went to his native town.
5. Examples being given by the teacher in class help the students to understand the rule.
6. He read the document without looking at us.
7. Technoque having reached a high stage of development, new methods of work became possible.
8. He succeeded in rendering moonlight in his picture.
9. He displayed great skill in designing this building.
10.Ring me up before going to the Institute.
11.Reading books is a necessary part of our studies.
12.Without constantly studying it is impossible to translate original texts.
13.Having been asked for the book, the librarian promised to look for it.
14.This man was greatly interested in collecting minerals.
15.A great many young people studying at various educational establishments combine work and studies.
16.By doing so he helped me greatly.
17.All the students having finished the translation in time, we could check it in class.
18.The students were drawing when we entered the studio.
19.The conversation was interesting, many designers taking part in it.
20.The painting represents a young girl.
21.Who does the cooking in your family?
22.Many bridges over the river having been built, it became possible to reach the distant part of the region.
23.Would you mind switching on the TV set?
24.He failed bringing us the necessary materials.
25.Having achieved the necessary results, we decided to describe them in our article.
26.Learning rules without examples is useless.
Упражнение 9
Переведите на русский язык и сформулируйте правила перевода:
1. The plane was seen flying over woods.
2. Arriving late in the evening, I decided to visit him next morning 3. Weather permitting, we’ll start tomorrow.
Упражнение 10
Определите герундий или причастие:
1. We admired the stars twinkling in the sky.
2. Approaching Malta Street, he thought about her.
3. Having closed the drawing - room door on him, she awaited a little...
4. Having reached the classroom, she became the object of many questions.
5. Ann hearing his steps, ran to the foot of the stairs to meet him.
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