1. Countries wishing to cooperate with our republic will always find the
necessary understanding.
2. Having visited the USA the participants of the conference went to
Russia.
3. Weather permitting, the tourists visit Dubai's places of interest.
3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. It would be impossible to install the equipment without his help.
2. If all the documents had been in order the parties could have signed
the contract yesterday.
3. Nothing would have happened if the workers had followed the
instructions.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, письменно 1 часть
текста.
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Чувашская республика, Чебоксары» на английском языке.
Вариант 2
1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивный обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. We know Dubai's culture to be rooted in the Islamic traditions of
Arabia.
2. For a long time Dubai was considered to be the undisputed sports
capital of the Middle East.
3. Dubai is known to be the leading centre for business and tourism in
the Middle East.
2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. Knowing the town very well he was an excellent guide.
2. Dubai having been visited, the participants of the conference went to
Albu Dhabi.
3. The booklet deals with places of interest of Dubai, particular
attention being paid to the Ahmadieh School-Dubai's First educational
institution.
3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. The contract would have been cancelled if they hadn't fulfilled all
their financial obligations.
2. It would be very convenient for me if we could put off our
appointment till next Thursday.
3. Nothing would have happened if all the specialists followed the
instructions.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, 1 часть текста
письменно.
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Чувашская республика, Чебоксары» на английском языке.
Вариант 3
1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивный обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. We know a fascinating kaleidoscope of contrasts to be offered in
Dubai.
2. Dubai is known to be an open port with low import duties and no
taxation.
3. Arab culture and folklore is known to find expression in poetry,
dancing, songs and traditional art.
2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. The city has houses representing various architectural styles.
2. The booklet deals with Dubai's restaurants, with particular attention
being paid to the restaurants, offering the world's cuisine (Indian, Filipino,
Thai, Chinese).
3. All preparations being made the participants of the conference
started to the airport.
3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. We wouldn't have wasted so much time if you'd described the
method more exactly.
2. If the tickets are bought beforehand the tourists will be able to come
in time.
3. If the weather permits we shall go sightseeing.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, письменно 2 часть
текста.
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Чувашская республика, Чебоксары» на английском языке.
2.8.5. КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 5
Чтобы правильно выполнить задание 5, необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Грамматические функции глаголов should, would.
2. Обороты с инфинитивом и причастием, равнозначные придаточным
предложениям.
3. Различные значения слов: as, because, because of, due to, for since,
both, .and, either...or, neither... nor.
Economics and the Economy
Every group of people must solve three basic problems of daily living: what goods and services to produce, how to produce these goods and services, and for whom to produce these goods and services.
Economics is the study of how society decides what, how, and whom to produce for.
By goods we mean physical commodities such as steel, cars, and services we mean activities such as massages or live theatre performances which can be consumed or enjoyed only at the instant they are produced. In exceptional circumstances, society may find that some of the questions about what, how, and for whom to produce have already been answered; until the arrival of Man Friday, Robinson Crusoe need not worry about the "for whom" question. In general, however, society must answer all three questions.
By emphasizing the role of society or definition places economics within the social study and explain human behaviour. The subject matters of economics is that part of human behaviour which relates to the production, exchange, and use of goods and services. The central economic problem for society is how to reconcile the conflict between people's virtually limitless desires for goods and services, and the scarcity of resources (labour, machinery, and raw materials) with which these goods and services can be produced. In answering the questions what, how, and for whom to produce, economics explains how scarce resources are allocated between competing claims on their use.
Because economics is about human behaviour, you may be surprised that we describe it as a science rather than a subject within the arts or humanities. This reflects the way economics analyses problems, not the subject matter of economics. Economists aim to develop theories of human behaviour and to test them against the facts. Economists discuss the tools economists use and explain the sense in which this approach is scientific. This does not mean that economics ignores people as individuals. Moreover, good economics retains an element of art, for it is only by having a feel for how people actually behave that economists can focus their analysis on the right issues. Before examining the tools of the trade, it is helpful to have a clear understanding of the problems in which economists are interested.
Вариант 1
1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1. You should have thought of it before.
2. The economist should know both the advantages and the disadvantages
of nationalization.
3. It would be very convenient for me if we could put off our appointment till next Thursday.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. The method used depends on the economist.
2. Trying to understand what economics is about by studying definitions is
like trying to learn to swim by reading an instruction manual.
3. Economics is known to be the study of how society decides what, how
and for whom to produce.
3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.
1. As far as my future speciality I'll be an economist.
2. Moscow was never planned; it grew up around its centre as well as
London.
3. Because of the mistake made by our agent the company will deliver
goods later.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1 и 2-й абзацы.
Перепишите и письменно переведите 3, 4, 5-й абзацы.
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Великобритания, Лондон» на английском языке.
Вариант 2
1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1. We wouldn't suggest it if we didn't find it necessary.
2. You should think hard before taking a final decision.
3. I'm sure everybody would speak to the point if we set them a stricter
time limit.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. The book is rather out-of-date, having been written in 1940.
2. I don't remember to have cashed the check.
3. He seems to be an intelligent man.
3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.
1. As to the last appointment I shall come by all means.
2. Neither my friends nor I travelled much.
3. It was difficult for him to drive in England, as he wasn't used to left-hand
traffic.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1 и 2-й абзацы
текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3, 4, 5-й абзацы.
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Великобритания, Лондон» на английском языке.
Вариант 3
1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.
1. Mention should be made that during the trip many exotic countries were
visited by Russian tourists.
2. The company representative would not listen to the demands of the
workers.
3. The agent shouldn't have made such decision without the chief’s
permission.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. We never expected you to do so much work for our agency.
2 . I shall have him to do this work whether he likes it or not.
3. We'll have to get the car repaired before Tuesday.
3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.
1. The conference was very interesting as_ various problems in industry
and agriculture were discussed.
2. Neither Russian nor foreign experts were interested in our offer.
3. For a long time this country was of little interest to our tourists.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1 и 2-й абзацы
текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3, 4, 5-й абзацы.
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Великобритания, Лондон» на английском языке.
2.8.6. КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 6
Чтобы правильно выполнить задание 6, необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Грамматические функции глаголов should; would.
2. Обороты с инфинитивом и причастием, равнозначные
придаточным предложениям.
3. Различные значения слов: as, because, because of, due to, for,
since, both...and, either...or, neither nor.
Hops and beer of Chuvashia
There is a good tradition in Chuvashia to meet guests with bread and salt and a big ladle of golden beer.
Chuvashia greets you with a ladle full of kindest regards and invites you to taste Chuvash beer.
The hop is now important raw material in many industries, but the main task of it is beer brewing.
Green-curled Beauty, Northern Vine - that's how hop is called in Chuvashia, and it enjoys great respect here. It's not by chance that the depiction of hop is part of the new Coat-of-Arms of Chuvashia. The republic is the only region in Russia where main industrial hop-growing is concentrated. It produces 3.000 tons of hops annually which make 83 percent of hops production in the Russian Federation. Chuvashia rates 8-th among 53 hops producing countries of the world. The Chuvash hops is the most Northern in Europe and rates 4-th in the world classification of beer brewing qualities.
Since June 1994 the capital of the Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, has become Headquarters of the Association of Hop-growers of Russia and industrial financial group "Khmel."
If France has hundreds of sorts of cheese then Chuvashia has thousands of sorts or beer: everyday and festive, soft and strong. Each housewife has her own recipe based on the traditional Chuvash one.
Вариант 1
1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.
1. The guests should be met in a proper way.
2. Without mathematics there would be no electronic computers, no
atomic energy, and no conquest of space.
3. If we placed these pills in the sun, they would be spoiled.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. 3.000 tons of hops, produced annually make 83 percent of hops
production in Russia Federation.
2. Unless opened this box should be kept in a cool place.
3. Scientists today believe all substances to be made of one or more
different kinds of atom.
4. Chuvashia rates 8-th among 53 hops producing countries in the
world, being 4-th in the world classification of beer brewing qualities.
3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. Hop is grown in the South as well as in the North of Chuvashia.
2. In the field of chemistry lasers are used either for diagnostic
purposes or for producing chemical changes.
3. We couldn't understand her because of her bad pronunciation.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1 по 5-й
абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 4,5 и 6-абзацы.
5. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на
следующий вопрос:
In what part of Russia is main industrial hop-growing concentrated?
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Моя будущая профессия» на английском языке.
Вариант 2
1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.
1. If I had to fire someone, I would give him the last chance to improve.
2. They shouldn't eat so much.
3. Without progress in the field of electronics it would be impossible to
develop either energetics or automation.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на то, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. The hop grown in Chuvashia is now important raw material.
2. In order to discuss the problem immediately he brought all the
necessary materials.
3. Four containers in the consignment were found to be damaged
4. The letters, being looked through are sent back to the secretary.
3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. Since we have gone over the budget, we cannot buy any computers.
2. He did as he was requested.
3. Advertising creates awareness about both old and new products
and services.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1 по 4-й
абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 4, 5, 6 абзацы.
5. Прочитайте 3 и 4-й абзацы текста и вопрос к ним. Из
приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения,
содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What is the main task of the hops?
1 important raw material.
2 a beautiful decoration of the yard.
3 brewing.
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Моя будущая профессия» на английском языке.
Вариант 3
1. Перепищите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.
1. Without up-to-date equipment it would be impossible to perform
many operations.
2. That day should be the latest date for shipment.
3. We should sign contracts if they gave us a good discount.
4. If I had more time, I would have checked my paper again.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. An accountant is a man hired to explain to you that you didn't make the
money you did.
2. On our part, we expect a Release Note for Shipment to be signed
immediately after the tests are carried out.
3. Being a very good expert, he found the mistake at once.
4. Juanite Nunez knew the exact amount of money missing from her cash drawer.
5. A note written in pencil was found on the table
3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. Each country produces goods or services that can be either
consumed at home or exported to other countries.
2. We were willing to wait, for George was not often late.
3. Neither they go to Moscow, nor did she come to them.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1 по 5-й
абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 4, 5, 6 абзацы.
5. Прочитайте 1 и 2-й абзацы текста и ответьте на вопрос:
How does usually Chuvashia meet its guests?
5. Сделайте устное сообщение на тему: «Моя будущая профессия» на английском языке.
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