We are looking forward to going to France.
Кроме того, существует ряд словосочетаний, требующих употребления герундия:
Прилагательное + предлог | Существительное + предлог | ||
accustomed to intent on afraid of interested in | capable of successful in fond of tired of | choice of possibility of excuse for | intention of reason for method of method for |
Mary is fond of dancing.
There is no reason for leaving this early.
Обратите внимание на пассивную форму герундия – being done/being kept/being seen.
EXERCISE 1
Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:
answer | apply | be | be | listen | make | see | try | use | wash | work | write |
1. He tried to avoid …my questions.
2. Could you please stop ….so much noise?
3. I enjoy... to music.
4. I considered … for the job but in the end I decided against it.
5. Have you finished … your hair yet?
6. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk … knocked down.
7. Jim is 65 but he is not going to retire yet. He wants to carry on …
8. I don’t mind you … the telephone as long as you pay for all you calls.
9. Hello! Fancy … you here! What a surprise!
10. I’ve put off … the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
11. What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody … so stupid?
12. Sarah gave up … to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad.
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the first sentences:
1. I can do what I want and you can not stop me. – You can’t stop me from doing what I want.
2. It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. – It’s better to avoid……
3. Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? - Shall we postpone …….until………..?
4. The driver of the car said it was true that he did not have a license. –The driver of the car admitted …
5. Could you turn the radio down, please? – Would you mind …?
6. Please don’t interrupt me all the time. – Would you mind …?
EXERCISE 3
Use your own ideas to complete the sentences. Use –ing:
1. She is a very interesting person. I always enjoy talking to her.
2. I’m not feeling very well. I don’t fancy …
3. I’m afraid there aren’t any chairs. I hope you don’t mind …
4. It was a lovely day, so I suggested …
5. It was very funny. I could not stop …
6. My car is not very reliable. It keeps …
2.3 The Infinitive (Инфинитив)
Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола (т. е. не имеющая ни лица, не числа), которая в русском языке соответствует неопределенной форме глагола, отвечающей на вопрос «что делать?», «что сделать?». Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица «to».
Являясь глагольной формой, инфинитив обладает следующими признаками глагола:
- он может иметь прямое дополнение:
I’d like to settle the matter.
- инфинитив может определяться наречием:
I asked him to speak slowly.
- инфинитив имеет формы действительного и страдательного залога (to do – to be done), может быть перфектным и неперфектным (to do – to have done), имеет форму Continuous (to be doing, to have been doing):
Tense Voice | Non-Perfect | Perfect | ||
Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
Active | to build | to be building | to have built | to have been building |
Passive | to be built | - | to have been built | - |
Инфинитив с частицей to употребляется после следующих глаголов:
agree desire intend prepare tend aim threaten | attempt fail learn pretend try deserve | claim forget need refuse want afford | decide hesitate offer seem wish manage | demand hope plan strive arrange promise |
John expects to begin studying law next semester.
It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.
I pretended to be reading the newspaper.
You seem to have lost weight.
EXERCISE 1
Complete each sentence with a suitable verb:
1. Don’t forget to post a letter I gave you.
2. There was a lot of traffic but we managed … to the airport in time.
3. Jill has decided not … a car.
4. We’ve got a new computer in our office. I haven’t … it yet.
5. I wonder where Sue is. She promised not … late.
6. We were all too afraid to speak. Nobody dared … anything.
Кроме того, инфинитив с частицей «to» употребляется после следующих прилагательных:
anxious eager pleased usual | boring easy prepared common | dangerous good ready difficult | hard strange able |
It is difficult to pass this test.
It is dangerous to drive in this weather.
Некоторые глаголы могут употребляться как с инфинитивом, так и с герундием. Значение предложения в этом случае не меняется:
begin like can’t stand | love continue prefer | dream start hate |
He started to study after dinner. or He started studying after dinner.
Некоторые глаголы могут употребляться как с инфинитивом, так и с герундием, но значение предложения в этом случае меняется:
stop remember forget |
John stopped studying. (He is not going to study any more).
John stopped to study. (He stopped doing something else in order to study).
EXERCISE 2
Put the verb into the correct form (infinitive or gerund):
1. When I’m tired, I enjoy watching television. It’s relaxing.
2. It was a nice day, so we decided … for a walk. (go)
3. It’s a nice day. Does anyone fancy … for a walk? (go)
4. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind … (wait)
5. They don’t have much money. They can not afford …out very often. (go)
6. I wish that dog would stop … It’s driving me mad. (bark)
7. Our neighbour threatened … the police if we did not stop that noise. (call)
8. We were hungry, so I suggested … dinner early. (have)
9. Hurry up! I do not want to risk … the train. (miss)
10. I’m still looking for a job but I hope … something soon. (find)
EXERCISE 3
Use the correct form of the verb in parenthesis in the following sentences:
1. The teacher decided (accept) the paper.
2. They appreciate (have) this information.
3. His father doesn’t approve of his (go) to Europe.
4. We found it very difficult (reach) a decision.
5. Donna is interested in (open) a bar.
6. George has no intention of (leave) the city now.
7. We are eager (return) to school in the fall.
8. You would be better off (buy) this car.
9. She refused (accept) the gift.
10. Mary regrets (be) the one to have to tell him.
11. George pretended (be) sick yesterday.
12. Carlos hopes (finish) his thesis this year.
13. They agreed (leave) early.
14. Helen was anxious (tell) her family about her promotion.
15. We are not ready (stop) this research at this time.
16. Henry should not risk (drive) so fast.
17. He demands (know) what is going on.
18. She is looking forward to (return) to her country.
19. There is no excuse for (leave) the room in this condition.
20. Gerald returned to his home after (leave) the game.
EXERCISE 4
Translate into English using the non-finite forms of the verb:
1. Им удалось поймать сотни птиц.
2. Он хотел посмотреть книгу, которую я написал.
3. Когда он подошел ближе, он остановился, чтобы поговорить со мной о брате.
4. Я убедил его помочь этой девушке.
5. Не забудьте опустить эти письма.
6. Я помню, что опустил письмо в ящик.
7. Бывало, в эту гостиницу приезжало много спортсменов из Москвы.
8. Вам бесполезно надеяться на Катину помощь.
9. От этого невозможно избавиться.
10. Автобус проехал мимо остановки, даже не затормозив.
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