Иностранный язык (стр. 6 )

Notes: *traffic control room – пункт управления движением

ВАРИАНТ 8

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в действительном и страдательном залогах.

spension bridges are built over wide navigable rivers and straits because they do not prevent navigation. 2. The newspaper published the article about a brave engine driver who saved the passengers from a bad accident at risk of his own life. 3. After a high-speed monorail railway had been built in Tokyo, the problem of passenger transportation was solved. 4. The new supersonic aircraft that looks like a rocket will cover the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours. 5. The electric equipment that is being installed now has been produced by a Japanese firm.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление герундия в разных функциях.

1.The method of controlling the movement of all trains on a line from a central point is called Centralized Traffic Control. 2. A long tunnel was bored through the mountain but laying railway tracks in this tunnel was not planned. 3. As the seats in Metro cars are arranged in rows on both sides of the carriage, the passengers can easily take their seats without causing trouble to other people. 4. The driver has been fined for exceeding the speed limit. 5. He made a lot of money by buying tickets in advance and selling them for twice the price on the day of the train departure.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием - ed.

1. A water-powered engine is an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it and the current of a river turns it. 2. The new reclining seats with built-up TV-sets are installed in the modern streamlined carriages. 3. His unexpected arrival upset all my plans. 4. Rudolf Diesel designed an engine, which was one of the remarkable engineering achievements of the 20th century. 5. When first proposed, the project of constructing the Channel Tunnel seemed impracticable.

IV. Перепишите и переведите текст.

VIRGINIA RAILWAY EXPRESS (VRE)

VRE is a commuter train handling passenger traffic to and from Washington. Talk to any rider on the train and you are likely to hear comments such as those of Curt Mason, VRE’s first passenger: “The fare is reasonable, the schedule is convenient, and it is always in time.” One year ago people working in Washington but living in its suburbs had to go by cars or fight for railway tickets. Now they often make a choice in favor of VRE because it provides a reliable, comfortable, cost-effective alternative to driving, eliminating the inconvenience and stress caused by highway gridlocks.*

VRE ridership and revenues are steadily growing, and the prevailing opinion among management, crews and passengers is that the system works and works very well. VRE officials

attribute the railroad’s success to three important factors: careful planning, cooperation and communication.

Much attention is paid to the improvement of passenger service. Tom Waldron, VRE’s director of operations**, says: “Our customers are our bread and butter. We make every effort to meet their requirements.” Every week there is a “station day” when VRE’s officials talk to people on the platforms and on the trains. It helps to understand customers’ needs and to take measures if necessary. The innovations do not stop at a “station day”. New automated ticket vending machines were installed, eliminating on board ticket collection. It enabled the railway to reduce the price of tickets and the cases of fare evasion.*** Besides, VRE offers “free ride certificates”**** for passengers whose trains are delayed or annulled. Coaches and locomotives are washed every day. Train crewmembers are instructed on the optimum distance they should be from the microphone as they are talking to passengers on the public address system, so as not to be too loud or too soft. “Details make perfection,” Waldron notes, “and we are striving for perfection. We know we’ll never achieve it, but we’ll come damn close.”

Notes: *highway gridlock – “пробка” на дороге

**director of operations – коммерческий директор

***fare evasion – неуплата за проезд

****free ride certificate – билет на бесплатный проезд

ВАРИАНТ 9

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление эквивалентов модальных глаголов (to be allowed to; to be able to; to be to; to have to). Подчеркните эквиваленты модальных глаголов в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1. We missed the last commuter train and had to go by bus. 2. We are not able to wait for them any longer, we are to ring them up and find out what has happened. 3. If you buy railway tickets in advance, you have to pay some extra money. 4. Passengers were not allowed to get off the carriage because the stop of the train lasted only two minutes. 5. Since the tape-recorder is still under guarantee, I will not have to pay for the repairs.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием –ing.

1. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the “night vision system”. 2. Having come to the terminal David bought the ticket and seeing that he had enough time left before boarding the train, went to look at the new theatre built near the station. 3. Remote control is a system for controlling machinery from a distance by radio signals. 4. The railway tunnel linking Great Britain and France was officially opened for traffic on May 7, 1994. 5. Fences and other devices are built for protecting the tracks against snow and for keeping the livestock away from the railway.

III. Перепишите предложения, употребив сказуемые, данные в скобках, в отрицательной форме. Полученные предложения переведите.

1. The car repair (will take) much time. 2. There (were) many people near the booking office. 3. I (expected) my friends to come to see me off. 4. His traveling expenses (were covered) by the firm. 5. I (think) he will get this job because he (has) enough experience. 6. The underground is a very convenient means of transport but it (suits) me because I live a long way from the station. 7. He (has booked) a return ticket and now it may be difficult to buy it for a through train.

IV. Перепишите и переведите текст.

RIO REVIVES THE COMMUTER RAIL NETWORK

Rio de Janeiro’s suburban railway network has a long history of deterioration. It could have disappeared entirely by now but for the fact that it was privatized in 1998. SuperVia, the new private owner of the Rio commuter network, began the slow process of reviving railway network. SuperVia inherited a large number of serious problems. Signaling did not work properly. Only 35 out of a fleet of 180 four-car trains were operational, some of them only barely. The condition of the track was poor, and only 50% of all journeys were completed, such

was the frequency of breakdowns.

Several accidents that occurred soon after privatization also gave SuperVia a very bad public reputation at the outset, but the company quickly took measures. It replaced the worst sections of track and upgraded the others. Besides, SuperVia began rebuilding emus and this work has increased the number of the working emus to 126 trains, while another 48 emus are currently being restored. All the new and rebuilt emus are air-conditioned, an important design element in the tropical climate of Rio.

In addition, 20 km of rails, 50,000 sleepers and 83 switches have been replaced. The system of power supply is being upgraded and all 30 stations are being refurbished. Drainage has also been improved to overcome serious flooding problems, which have halted traffic in the past.

These measures have worked. Reputation of SuperVia is improving rapidly and passengers have begun to come back. In 1998 the network carried just 170,000 passengers a day but in 2001 traffic has reached 300,000 riders a day. The ultimate aim is to increase passenger traffic to 1,4 million customers. SuperVia’s image has been restored to such extend that the newly elected left-wing state government, opposed in principle to privatization, has admitted that the operator is doing a really good job!

ВАРИАНТ 10

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в действительном и страдательном залогах.

1. Tunnels are built for direct movement of automobiles or trains through mountain ranges or under rivers. 2. The first double-deck buses appeared in London in 1851 but at that time the upper deck had no roof and the passengers were given raincoats to put on if it started to rain. 3. No wonder the radio is not working, you have not plugged it. 4. The route of a future railway had been examined by the specialists from the survey gang by the beginning of winter. 5. The main tendency of our life is that computers are being used in all spheres of technology, science and everyday life.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление герундия в разных функциях.

1. We must leave home two hours before the plane taking off so that we can get to the airport without hurrying. 2. This car needs fuelling every 300 miles. 3. The first steps in designing robot engine driver for heavy high-speed trains were made in 1960s. 4. Mechanical loading wagons results in considerable saving of time. 5. The transport committee studied the problem of increasing the number of buses operating on the city’s routes.