Иностранный язык (стр. 7 )

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием - ed.

1. Before each flight, pilots ask for the information about the weather expected during the planned route. 2. Automatic block systems and centralized traffic control are widely used on the railways. 3. When mass-produced, the electric automobile will help solve ecological problems of big cities. 4. James Watt invented the first stationary steam engine in 1763 and installed it in a machine pumping out the water at a large mine. 5. Kerosene is a fuel used in jet engines.

IV. Перепишите и переведите текст.

TGV DUPLEX – A TRAIN OF THE THIRD GENERATION

The high-speed line linking Paris and Lyon was opened for traffic in 1981. It was to solve the problems of the ever-increasing flow of passengers between France’s two largest cities. A high-speed train of the second generation (TGV) was specially developed for this line. Twenty years passed and the new line itself is overcrowded with 150 trains a day and 17 million passengers a year. Traffic frequency during peak hours is 1 train per 5 minutes. To increase the carrying capacity of the line, French National Railways has ordered from the company Alsthom 30 trains of the third generation. TGV Duplex is a high-speed double-deck train. It has 40% more seats than a conventional TGV. It consists of 8 trailers and 2 power cars.

The speed of TGV Duplex reaches 300 km per hour. This third-generation train is made of lightweight materials. Extra capacity has been achieved by lowering the floor of the lower deck by 40 cm. Besides, the overall height of the vehicle was increased by 20 cm. The passage along the trains is only possible at the upper level.

Despite the 40% increase in the number of seats, the comfort level for passengers in second class has been enhanced by providing reclining seats and 7 cm more legroom*. Improvements compared with previous TGV generations include a modern aerodynamic profile and a new braking system, which significantly reduce noise level. All areas are airconditioned and pressurized to prevent discomfort when running through tunnels at a high speed. Lower-deck accommodation is quieter than the upper deck as there is no through passage between cars. However, the view from the upper deck is far superior. Passengers with heavy luggage prefer the lower deck to save the effort of carrying their cases upstairs. Technically, the train is a triumph. It was built on previous TGV experience but a number of new technologies, techniques and materials were introduced to solve the very difficult problems connected with a double-deck car configuration.

Notes: *legroom – место для ног

ВАРИАНТ 11

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have.

1. This minibus has a rear door and easily detachable seats that is why it can be easily converted for the transportation of the freight up to 800 kg. 2. At the terminus of the Underground the engine driver is to move to the other end of the train. 3. Our efforts to start the car had failed, and we had to spend the night in a nearby village. 4. It is such a narrow road that it is difficult for two cars to pass each other. 5. Owing to the establishment of new trolley-bus routes the passenger service in the city was improved.

II. Укажите, чем выражено определение в следующих словосочетаниях и переведите их.

1) a cargo weighing several tons; 2) heavy traffic; 3) the city power supply system; 4) the bridge to be built; 5) an overcrowded bus; 6) the problem of increasing train speeds; 7) the trailers made of stainless steel; 8) the rising cost of fuel; 9) the telephone lines damaged in the storm; 10) the automobile body modification.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитива (The Infinitive).

1. To protect wooden sleepers against decay, they are treated with creosote. 2. The new branches of industry to be developed in this part of the country are metallurgy and radio engineering. 3. It is impossible to increase train speed without improving the stability of track. 4. The function of the automatic engine driver is to start and stop the train, to select the speed of running and to keep strictly to the schedule. 5. The mechanic was asked to estimate the cost for the repair of the car.

IV. Перепишите и переведите текст.

THE CHANNEL TUNNEL

The first design of the Channel Tunnel was proposed in 1751. Since that time, dozens of proposals had been considered before the actual tunneling began. The work proceeded very quickly and was successfully completed in 6 years. The Tunnel was opened for traffic on May 7, 1994.

The Channel Tunnel actually consists of three tunnels: the two running tunnels* and the service tunnel**. Single-track railway lines are laid down in each of the running tunnels. Normally, one of them carries passenger and freight trains from Britain to France and the other carries trains in the opposite direction. If one of the running tunnels is closed down for maintenance, the other is used for train movement in both directions. A smaller third tunnel lies between the two train tunnels. It is called the service tunnel. There is a roadway inside it, so maintenance workers and emergency teams can reach any point of the Tunnel system in their road vehicles. The service tunnel is linked to the running tunnels at regular intervals by crosspassages***. In case of emergency or a train breakdown, the passengers will leave the train through one of the cross-passages into the service tunnel where road vehicles will evacuate them to a safer place.

The total length of the Tunnel is about fifty kilometers. Thirty-seven kilometers of the line are under the waters of the English Channel. The electric trains run every three minutes during peak hours, providing the carrying capacity of 4,000 vehicles per hour in both directions. A typical passenger shuttle consists of twenty-six wagons. A half of them are doubledeck carriages for carrying cars of average size. Thirteen single-deck wagons are used for transporting buses and vans. Freight shuttles consist of twenty-five single-deck wagons. Each of them is capable of carrying a vehicle weighing up to forty-four tons. Two electric locomotives are coupled in front and at the rear of each shuttle. The time of crossing the Tunnel is thirty-five minutes, about an hour less than by ferry. Passengers and drivers remain in their vehicles. The gauge of the tunnel railway is standard that is why the tunnel can be used for international passenger and freight trains.

Notes: *running tunnel – железнодорожный тоннель

**service tunnel – служебный тоннель

***cross-passage – поперечный переход

ВАРИАНТ 12

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have.

1. Open-type passenger car has nine six-berth compartments. 2. Many new electronic devices have been developed to provide the safety of high-speed traffic. 3. He had to take the whole device apart to discover the cause of the trouble. 4. The plane was to leave at midnight but its departure was delayed because of a heavy fog. 5. Although the railways are the main cargo haulers, motor transport carries the greatest number of passengers.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитива (The Infinitive).

1. The purpose of a tilting system is to ensure fast and smooth running of the train on curves. 2. To carry all kinds of bulky materials that cannot be exposed to the weather railroads use covered hopper cars. 3. It is impossible to move at the same speed along the whole route as it has some curves and up-grades. 4. Will you try to find out what time the plane arrives at the airport? 5. In planning a railway route the main factors to be taken into account are the cost of constructing a line, the cost of operating it and the probable volume of traffic.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные типы условных предложений.

1. If I were you, I would learn to drive a car. 2. If he had come a minute later, he would have missed the trains. 3. Had he used new materials, the device would have been more reliable. 4. If the track were not properly repaired and maintained, it would be dangerous for trains to run upon it. 5. If the transportation costs are reduced, the total costs of the commodity will be reduced too.

IV. Перепишите и переведите текст.

MOSCOW UNDERGROUND

For the first time the idea of building the underground railway in Moscow was discussed before the revolution. However, the construction of the first section (from Sokolniki to Central Park) was initiated only in 1932. It lasted 3 years and was called the record period by the world press. The Russian engineers carefully studied the existing underground systems abroad before working out their own project, which represents a significant improvement on the London system.

The engineering difficulties were great mainly because much of the soil was composed of running sand*. Fortunately most of the running sand lay close to the surface and it was found possible to use out-and-cover method** of construction under many of the streets. However, in the city center where the line is 100 ft or deeper, the construction of tunnels was necessary. The Moscow Underground consists of a circle line, which runs round the city center, several radial lines crossing the city and connecting with each other and the lines running to the countryside. Some constructional work is still going on. Now the length of the underground lines reaches about 300 km.

At present, the Moscow Metro handles more than five million passengers each day. During peak hours trains run at a speed of 90 km/h with the intervals of about 80 seconds. One train takes up to 1,500 passengers. For greater safety of travel, all trains are inspected every 6-9 hours of running. Being in operation for about 13 hours daily each Metro train covers the distance equal to that from Moscow to St. Petersburg. The trains servicing the Underground are supplied with low voltage direct current. The current is obtained from the third rail by special devices that are mounted beneath the motor coaches. Rolling stock is completely replaced approximately once every four years.

The Moscow Metro can compete with the underground railways in any of the European capitals in level of automation. At present, the experiments are being conducted with an “automatic driver”, i. e. with computer-controlled trains. The computer devices will help to relieve the nervous strain on the drivers and make it possible to increase the cruising speed*** of trains even more. These automatic devices have already been tested over the Circle Route by way of experiment.

Notes: *running sand – сыпучий песок, плывун

**cut-and-cover method – открытый метод (строительства)

***cruising speed – эксплуатационная скорость

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Основная

1.Агабекян, язык [Текст]: учебное пособие для средних специальных учебных заведений./ . – Ростов-на-Дону: «Феникс», 2010.

2.Англо-русский словарь [Текст] / . – М. : Оникс; СПб. : Золотой век, 2007. − 976 с.

3.Английский язык [Текст]: учебно-методическое пособие для студентов железнодорожных специальностей дневной формы обучения. Составитель , . Самара: издательство СамГАПС, 2003. – 36с.

4.Голубев, язык [Текст]: учебное пособие для студентов средних профессиональных учебных заведений/. − М.: Издательский центр Академия, 2004. − 336 с.

Дополнительная

5.Высотова, язык [Текст]: учебное пособие для студентов заочного и дистанционного обучения гуманитарных университетов / , . − Томск: Ветер, 2005. − 92 с.

6.Карпова, для колледжей [Текст]: учебное пособие/. -6-е изд., перераб. и доп.- М.: Дашков и Ко, 2008. – 320 с.

7.Тихонов, язык. Теория и практика перевода [Текст] : учебное пособие / . – М. : ТК Велби, издательство Проспект, 2005. – 120 с.

Интернет-ресурсы

8.Словарь Яндекс. - Режим доступа http://lingvo.yandex.ru, свободный.

9.Cambridge International Dictionary of English, Cambridge University Press 2004; - Режим доступа Iittp://dictionary. cambridge. org/, свободный.

10.Webster's Online Dictionary with Multilingual Thesaurus Translation, 2006; - Режим доступа http://www. webster-online-dictionary. org, свободный.

11.Webster// словарь. - Режим доступа: http://www.amazon.com, свободный.