Description of a ship
There are many kinds of ships: sailing ships, steamships, motor ships, turbine-driven ships,1 diesel-electric ships and atomic ships.
We usually recognize the ships according to the engines installed on them.
The main part of a ship is the hull. The end of the vessel that enters the water is called the bow and the other end is the stern. The lowermost part of the hull is called the bottom. The part topping the hull is called the deck. As the ship moves ahead when looking in the direction of her motion, that side of the ship to the right hand is called the starboard side 2 and that to the left is the port-side.3 In order to keep any moving vessel on a steady course, it is necessary to provide her with a rudder rotated by means of a steering gear.
As the ship cannot sail without refueling she must carry enough coal or other fuel to propel her for required distance. A double bottom is usually used for storing water and fuel oil.
All ships must have sleeping accommodations for their crews, a system of lighting and ventilation.
Since the task of passenger ships is carrying passengers, special cabins, dining saloons, galleys are necessary for passenger ships.
Vessels designed for carrying cargo must have large holds and cargo handling facilities for loading and unloading cargo. In case of a special type of cargo such as fruits, meat and other perishable goods, special refrigerating holds are made for stowing it.
All ships have means for anchoring and mooring, life boats and means for hoisting and lowering them.
In order to improve seaworthiness and provide additional accommodations nearly all ships have superstructures. The watertight superstructures erected at the extreme forward and after end of a ship are called the forecastle and the poop. The topside structure built about amidships is called the navigating bridge.
Every ship is fitted with modern navigational aids.4 The instruments and equipment employed in navigating are placed in the wheel-house and the chart-room which are located on the navigating bridge.
To provide the safety of navigation and human life at sea ships are also fitted with radio. The radio-room is usually placed on the navigating bridge deck near the chart-room.
It is used for the installation of the shipboard radio equipment.
Every ship has the ship's machinery. The machinery is housed in the engine-room.
Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова. Предложения переведите.
hull, bottom, fuel and fresh water, holds, rudder, navigating bridge, starboard side, port-side, chart-room and wheel-house, radio-room, bow, stern, engine-room, dining saloon, cabins, deck
The main part of a ship is called the... . The lowermost part of the hull is called the... . The part topping the hull is called the... . In order to keep any moving vessel on a steady course, it is necessary to provide her with the... Vessels designed to carry passengers must have... . A double bottom is used to carry … . The topside structure erected about amidships is called the … . The forward part of a ship is called the … . The after part of a ship is called the … . The left side of a ship is called the … . The right side of a ship is called the... . The radio-operator keeps watch in the.... Navigation instruments are installed in the.... The ship's machinery is housed in the... . Vessels designed to carry cargo must have... . Passengers have their meals in the... .
3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
I see a man walking around your car. Doing many exercises we learn English grammar. Got ready the equipment was shipped on the platform. While crossing the road she dropped her phone. Metals being used in industry in the form of alloys have better properties than pure metals. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. The tree struck by lightening was all black and leafless. Having become familiar with the main laws of statics, we can study the laws of dynamics.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker. The resistant being very high, the current in the circuit was very low. All the preparations having been finished, the tourists went on a hike. The fifth of June arriving, they departed. The situation being urgent, we had to go ahead. The girl wandered away, with tears rolling down her cheeks.
Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив является:
The distance to be covered was equal to ten miles (определением). To answer this question requires much knowledge (подлежащим). She is to help you in your work (частью сказуемого). Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space (определением). We study to become good specialists (обстоятельством) This is the text to be translated for the next lesson (определением). Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкции
Complex Object / Complex Subject
I think him to have left for Moscow. We know your uncle to be an excellent mathematician. I expect him to understand my problem. He likes children to laugh. They saw the ship sail away from the shore.
He is said to be a good translator. A hare is known to run very fast. This type of rocket is supposed to have many advantages. The poem is believed to have been written by Byron. This appeared to amuse the policeman. The operation seem to be a very complicated one.
Он наблюдал, как мама моет посуду. Бабушка любит, когда Лена играет на рояле. Она знала, что он очень добрый человек. Полагают, что эта поэма была написана в VIII веке.
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод составных предлогов и союзов. Due to the establishment of new trolley-bus routes the passenger service in the city was mproved. The monument was restored in spite of many difficulties. Who can repair the apparatus instead of him? No planes took off on that day on account of low clouds. You can get to that part of the city either by bus or by the underground. As soon as all the calculations are completed, we will begin the tests. These children know neither German nor French. You can stay here as long as the room is free
Вариант 3
Types of Merchant Ships
Merchant ships are classified according to what they carry. Nowadays most merchant ships are built to carry cargo but a few still carry passengers. Merchant ships can operate in the following three ways.
They can operate as liners. Liners are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance. They sail whether they are full or not.
Merchant vessels can also operate as tramps. Tramps do not sail on regular routes. They do not keep to a fixed timetable. They are employed in all parts of the world where there is cargo for them to carry.
A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo.
Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo, the other carries liquid cargo. Multi-deck vessels are a traditional type of dry cargo ship. Their holds are divided horizontally by one or two tween-decks. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers. These do not have tween-decks. Container ships are the most modern type of dry cargo carrier. They carry containers of standard dimensions. Fruit, meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated ships. Oil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large. The two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers and chemical carriers.
In comparison with cargo vessels, passenger ships are fewer in number and type. Passenger liners are the traditional type of passenger ship. Nowadays their number has been greatly reduced. Cruise ships are another type of passenger vessel. These are often converted passenger liners. Ferries are the most common type of passengers vessel. Many of them are also designed to carry vehicles.
Завершите предложения, подобрав соответствующие окончания в правом столбце.
Merchant ships are designed to carry.... Liners are employed on.... Tramps are not employed on... . Specialized vessels are designed.... Dry cargo and liquid cargo ships are… The most modern type of dry cargo carrier are … The most common type of liquid cargo carrier are … The most common type of passengers vessel are …
oil tankers. cargo and passengers. ferries. regular routes on a fixed timetable. container ships. regular routes. two basic types of cargo ships. to carry particular type of cargo.
Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
When reading your translation I found some mistakes. The documents lost in the park are of great importance. While having dinner we discussed many questions. We were demonstrated an operating engine. Having made many experiments scientists proved that electricity had an atomic character. While crossing the street one should first look to the left and then to the right. The room facing the garden is much more comfortable than this one. Having discovered the law of periodicity of the chemical elements, Mendeleyev become very famous.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.
He started about five, Riggs having informed him that the way would take him three hours. This material being a dielectric, no current can flow through it. They continued their way, the boy sobbing quietly, the man ashamed. The treaty having been signed, trade was at once resumed. The underground station being not far, we walked there. The packings having been done, the girls left for the station.
Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив является:
His task was to complete the work in time (дополнением). To extend the main street they had to destroy some old buildings (обстоятельством). The new channel to be constructed here will be the longest in the country (определением). The dog was the first to feel danger (определением). To operate the new carne is not easy (подлежащим). Energy may be transported be many different ways (частью сказуемого).
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкции
Complex Object / Complex Subject
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