Контрольная работа по дисциплине Английский язык Методические указания (стр. 3 )

He knows my mother to be a very kind woman. She expected her brother to bring the book. He hates us to be late. I noticed Henry go up and speak with the stranger. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder.
The number of unemployed is reported to be increasing with every year. The Londoner Underground is known to be the oldest in the world. The flood is reported to have caused much damage to the crops. She appeared to be an excellent actress. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory. She doesn’t seem to want to do anything.
Мать наблюдала, как ее маленький сын чистит зубы. Папа любит, когда я говорю по-английски. Мы рассчитываем, что вы нам поможете. Вы, кажется устали.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод составных предлогов и союзов.
By means of this device we can carry out more operations in less time. The work is going on according to the schedule. The engine didn't operate well because of bad fuel. In order to protect the surface from heat and cold it was covered with special substance. The shorter the lever (рычаг) arm, the greater effort is needed to lift the weight. Both the bridge and the dam will be completed before the navigation season. You can get to that part of the city either by bus or by the underground. As soon as all the calculations are completed, we will begin the tests.

Вариант 4

Переведите текст.

Description of a ship

There are many kinds of ships: sailing ships, steamships, motor ships, turbine-driven ships,1 diesel-electric ships and atomic ships.

We usually recognize the ships according to the engines installed on them.

The main part of a ship is the hull. The end of the vessel that enters the water is called the bow and the other end is the stern. The lowermost part of the hull is called the bottom. The part topping the hull is called the deck. As the ship moves ahead when looking in the direction of her motion, that side of the ship to the right hand is called the starboard side 2 and that to the left is the port-side.3 In order to keep any moving vessel on a steady course, it is necessary to provide her with a rudder rotated by means of a steering gear.

As the ship cannot sail without refueling she must carry enough coal or other fuel to propel her for required distance. A double bottom is usually used for storing water and fuel oil.

All ships must have sleeping accommodations for their crews, a system of lighting and ventilation.

Since the task of passenger ships is carrying passengers, special cabins, dining saloons, galleys are necessary for passenger ships.

Vessels designed for carrying cargo must have large holds and cargo handling facilities for loading and unloading cargo. In case of a special type of cargo such as fruits, meat and other perishable goods, special refrigerating holds are made for stowing it.

All ships have means for anchoring and mooring, life boats and means for hoisting and lowering them.

In order to improve seaworthiness and provide additional accommodations nearly all ships have superstructures. The watertight superstructures erected at the extreme forward and after end of a ship are called the forecastle and the poop. The topside structure built about amidships is called the navigating bridge.

Every ship is fitted with modern navigational aids.4 The instruments and equipment employed in navigating are placed in the wheel-house and the chart-room which are located on the navigating bridge.

To provide the safety of navigation and human life at sea ships are also fitted with radio. The radio-room is usually placed on the navigating bridge deck near the chart-room.

It is used for the installation of the shipboard radio equipment.

Every ship has the ship's machinery. The machinery is housed in the engine-room.

Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова. Предложения переведите.

hull, bottom, fuel and fresh water, holds, rudder, navigating bridge, starboard side, port-side, chart-room and wheel-house, radio-room, bow, stern, engine-room, dining saloon, cabins, deck

The main part of a ship is called the... . The lowermost part of the hull is called the... . The part topping the hull is called the... . In order to keep any moving vessel on a steady course, it is necessary to provide her with the... Vessels designed to carry passengers must have... . A double bottom is used to carry … . The topside structure erected about amidships is called the  … . The forward part of a ship is called the … . The after part of a ship is called the … . The left side of a ship is called the … . The right side of a ship is called the... . The radio-operator keeps watch in the.... Navigation instruments are installed in the.... The ship's machinery is housed in the... . Vessels designed to carry cargo must have... . Passengers have their meals in the... .

3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.

When driving my car I pay attention to the traffic signs. The area of the car works built on the Kama river is almost 1000 hectares. While translating the article I didn’t use the dictionary. A neutron is a particle having the same mass as a proton but carrying no electrical charge. The broken arm was examined by the doctor. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travelers soon lost their way. While isolating and separating radium, Mary Curie found other radioactive elements.

4.Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

The clock striking 10, we went to bed. The children having come from school, we sat down and began to eat. Our horses being weary, it was agreed that we should come to a halt. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity. Our efforts to start the car having failed, we spent the night in a nearby village.
Переведите предложения, в которых инфинитив является: To increase the speed of trains is a complicated problem (подлежащим). To detect broken parts in time a new device was developed in our shop (обстоятельством). The internal combustion engine to be used in this lorry is of new design (определением). Our aim is to study this phenomenon (дополнением). The designer is to vary the properties of the metal (частью сказуемого). Steam engines were the first to be tried in airplanes (определением). Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкции

Complex Object / Complex Subject

My mother wants me to study Spanish. I know my friend to be a just man. We expected the weather to change. I like my brother to play guitar. She felt tears roll down her cheeks.
The new methods of work appear to be very effective. Many new text-books are expected to be published soon. His invention is considered to be of great importance. That power station is known to be situated on the Angara River. The house appears to have not been lived for a long time. The devices seem to be in excellent condition.

Я ожидал, что она пришлет мне письмо. Она знала, что он очень добрый человек. Мама любит, когда я читаю стихи. Мы она не слышала, как он вошел в комнату.
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод составных предлогов и союзов.
Due to the establishment of new trolley-bus routes the passenger service in the city was mproved. The monument was restored in spite of many difficulties. Who can repair the apparatus instead of him? No planes took off on that day on account of low clouds. You can get to that part of the city either by bus or by the underground. As soon as all the calculations are completed, we will begin the tests. These children know neither German nor French. You can stay here as long as the room is free.

Грамматический справочник

НЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ  ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

Состоит  из  -) существительного в общем падеже (или местоимения в именительном падеже);

  -) причастия;

  -) при этом существительное/местоимение выполняет роль подлежащего

  по отношению к причастию, не являясь подлежащим всего предложения. 

Пример:  The weather being fine, the airplane started. (Так как погода была хорошая,

  самолет вылетел.)

В тексте можно узнать по следующим признакам:

  -) перед причастием стоит существительное без предлога или местоимение

  в именительном падеже; 

  -) независимый причастный оборот всегда отделен запятой.

На русский язык переводится:

  а)  придаточным предложением времени или причины с союзами когда,

  после того как, поскольку, так как и др.

  если независимый причастный оборот стоит в начале предложения.

Пример:  The working day being over, she went straight home.

  (Когда рабочий день закончился, она пошла прямо домой.)

  б) самостоятельным предложением бессоюзным или с союзами причем, а, и, но,

  если причастный оборот стоит в конце предложения.

Пример:  The students wrote their English test-paper, each doing his variant.

  (Студенты писали контрольную работу по английскому языку,

  причем каждый делал свой вариант.)

INFINITIVE

Инфинитив, или неопределенная форма глагола, отвечает на вопрос что делать? или что сделать? В английском языке существует простая и сложная формы инфинитива. Показателем инфинитива является частица to.  Без частицы to инфинитив употребляется:

после модальных глаголов  May I come in? после глаголов чувственного восприятия  I heard her sing once. после глагола let (предоставлять)  Let me do it myself. после глагола make (заставлять)  He made us get up early. после глагола help  He will help you do it. после устойчивых словосочетаний 

  nothing but \ can't help but  I could not help but say it. 

  why \ why not  Why not go to the country?

  would rather  \ had better  I would rather go by train.

Основными формами инфинитива являются следующие:

ФОРМА	ФОРМУЛА	ПРИМЕР	ПЕРЕВОД
A C T I V E	INDEFINITE	to  + V	I am glad to speak with you.	Рад, что говорю с вами (всегда радуюсь, когда говорю).
CONTI NUOUS	to be + Ving	I am glad to be speaking with you.	Рад, что сейчас разговариваю.
PERFECT	to have + V3	I am glad to have spoken with you.	Рад, что поговорил.
PERFECT CONTI NUOUS	to have been   + Ving	I am glad to have been speaking with you.	Рад, что (все это время) разговаривал с вами.
P A S S I V E	INDEFINITE	to be +V3	I am glad to be told the news.	Всегда рад, когда мне рассказывают новости.
PERFECT		to have been   + V3	I am glad to have been told the news.	Рад, что мне рассказали.
Выражают действия, одновременные с действием глагола-сказуемого	Выражают действия, предшествующие действию глагола-сказуемого, и переводятся прошедшим временем.

4.  Инфинитив с относящимися к нему словами образует инфини­тивный оборот.