Практическое занятие по теме: Surdopedagogics (стр. 3 )

For hunting, electronic plugs and muffs can be obtained which make surrounding noise louder so game can be heard, but when firing a gun they muffle the loud noise. Many people will not wear ear plugs in a noisy environment because they think it will make it more difficult to hear others talking. Actually the reverse is true. Ear plugs reduce noise most efficiently in the low frequencies, below the speech range. This will increase the signal to noise ratio of the speech and makes it more easily heard.
       New research indicates that several types of drugs when taken before or immediately after noise exposure may mitigate the damage to the inner ear. These drugs fall into three categories:

Anti-oxidants: These drugs may be protective based on the theory that one of the mechanisms in noise inducted hearing loss is the generation of free oxygen radicals. Vitamin E given at 10mg/kg/day to 40mg/kg/day in the guinea pig was protective. ; Acetyl-L carnitine a mitrochondrial stabilizer for damage induced by free oxygen radicals, and N-L-acetylcysteine an antioxidant, has been shown to mitigate noise induced hearing loss in the chinchilla.
Glutathione is an antioxadant which has been shown to reduce the damage of noise exposure. Researchers have also found that noise induced hearing loss is characterized by a glutathione deficiency state and increase glutathione levels may be protective. Glutathione monoethylester and in combination with R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine has also been studied in the chinchilla and has been found to be protective.

       Glutamate Receptor Antagonist: These drugs may be protective based on the theory that one of the mechanisms in noise induced hearing loss is the generation of Glutamate which binds to post-synaptic glutamate receptors which leads to degeneration of the neurons. Investigated drugs include: caroverine; carbamathione

Neurotrophins: There is also evidence that neurotrophins (neurotrophin-3) may also be protective.

Remember the most common outcome to noise exposure is a permanent hearing loss. When this occurs the only effective treatment is the use of hearing aids. This is why prevention by avoiding loud noises and wearing ear protectors is so important.

III.1. Answer the questions:

What noises are dangerous? What is the main way to prevent hearing loss? What treatment for hearing loss is the most common? What industries are the most dangerous from the point of view of hearing loss? How medicines affect hearing? Which of them are harmful?

2. Say whether the following statements are true or false:

Hearing loss is a very frequent disease in the United States. Exposure to loud noise is the most common cause of hearing loss. Noise induced hearing loss has been reported to be accompanied by a ringing in the ears. Physical measurements of the sound can determine whether it exceeds dangerous levels, and most factories have access to the necessary equipment. If diminished hearing or a sense of fullness in the ears is experienced after noise exposure, the level of that noise is not damaging. There are also many agents found in industry which can also damage hearing in addition to industrial noise exposure. The most common cause for hearing loss is tobacco. The effect of solvents is potentiated even more by exposure to pressible foam ear plugs (not water plugs) and ear muffs WHEN FITTED PROPERLY can decrease the noise exposure level by over 20 dB. Ear plugs reduce noise most efficiently in the low frequencies, below the speech range. New research indicates that several types of drugs when taken before or immediately after noise exposure may mitigate the damage to the inner ear.

3. Continue the sentences:

1) Exposure to loud noise ….

2) Noise induced hearing loss ….

Physical measurements of … If diminished hearing … There are also… The most common … The effect of solvents … Compressible foam ear plugs … Ear plugs … New research indicates that …

4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text:

Exposure to loud … the second most common …of hearing loss. Approximately 30 million Americans are …to high intensity … in their workplace, in one in 4 of these workers (or 7.5 million Americans) a permanent … loss will develop. Much can be done to prevent noise-induced hearing … but little can be done to … it. Sometimes a single … to loud … is all that is needed, a single hunting trip without ear…. Loud … damages the hair cells in the inner … and can cause … loss, … ringing and distortion of sounds. The symptoms of … induced hearing …are subtle in the early stages. Hearing … tends to occur first for high-pitched sounds only. Consequently, the volume of sound heard may be unchanged but the quality of it lessens. Speech may be heard but not completely understood. The presence of background … can make speech hard to understand. Noise induced … has been reported to be accompanied by a ringing in the ears (tinnitus) in 23% of subjects. Tinnitus can often be more annoying than the … itself. Treatment of tinnitus is often unsatisfactory. There has been an association between acoustic trauma (noise induced… ) and Meniere's disease which has been reported in a few research articles and text books. However, more recent literature has shown that  .. … is not a causative factor.

5. Give synonyms from the text:

       - a small piece of equipment that someone wears in the ear to help to hear;

       - disability to hear sounds;

       - two parts of the body to the sides of the head that help to hear;

       - the trauma related to high level sounds or music;

       - a tube of fur or thick cloth which you put into the ears to protect them from sound damage.

8. Make up one sentence with each word from ex I (2) and II (1).

9. Make up five types of questions on the text.

10. Render the text in English:

Taк как лечение потери слуха, вызванной длительным воздействием громких звуков практически не поддается лечению, лучше всего избегать их. Индивидуальные приспособления для снижения уровня шума (не для плавания), сделанные из специальной пены, могут снизить уровень шума до 20 dB, если они правильно установлены; тогда как классические индивидуальные приспособления для снижения уровня шума понижают его до 29 dB . Все приспособления для снижения уровня шума действуют примерно одинаково, однако те, которые сделаны из специальной пены, стоят дороже и сильно нагреваются при высокой температуре, но также могут быть использованы пациентами с заболеваниями ушного канала.

Например, во время охоты могут быть использованы электронные индивидуальные приспособления для снижения уровня шума, которые поглощают шум именно от выстрелов, в то время как  остальные окружающие звуки слышны. Большинство людей отказываются от использования индивидуальных приспособлений для снижения уровня шума, так как считают, что они могут затруднить восприятие речи окружающих людей, но на самом деле это не так, потому что редукции подвергаются только звуки, находящиеся в диапазоне ниже человеческой речи.

Исследования отмечают, что также при приеме некоторых групп медикаментов сразу после воздействия высокого уровня шума или незадолго до этого могут нивелировать негативное действие или повреждение внутреннего уха. Это касается следующих групп препаратов: антиоксидантов, антагонистов глютамина рецепторов и нейротрофинов.

Важно помнить, что основным и самым распространенным следствием воздействия высокого уровня шума является полная потеря слуха. В таком случае единственным возможным лечением может быть использование слухового аппарата. В связи с этим следует отметить, что профилактика и по возможности избегание негативного воздействия высокого уровня шума и использование индивидуальных устройств для снижения уровня шума жизненно важно.

11. Make the written translation of the text.

ment on the Quotations

*"Blindness cuts you off from things; deafness cuts you off from people." — Helen Keller
*"What matters deafness of the ear, when the mind hears. The one true deafness, the incurable deafness, is that of the mind." — Victor Hugo
*"Deaf people can do anything except hear." — I. King Jordan

13. Make a report about

a)Audism, discrimination against Deaf and hard-of-hearing people
b)Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test
c)Closed captioning
d) Deaf culture
e) Hearing loss with craniofacial syndromes
f) Models of deafness for a comparison of the medical, disability and cultural models of deafness.
g) Post-lingual hearing impairment
h) Pre-lingual deafness
i) Tinnitus
j)Unilateral hearing loss

k) the influence of genetics and medications on hearing

14. Read the article “Guarding against hearing loss”. Make the summary of the general advice.

Guarding against hearing loss

Simple precautions can protect ears of music lovers

From Neil Curry
CNN
Thursday, March 18, 2004 Posted: 4:09 PM EST (2109 GMT)

(CNN) -- If you've ever experienced ringing in your ears after a night of clubbing or attending a gig, tune in now. There are simple measures you can take to avoid permanent hearing damage.

People love music, and many people love it loud. But whether you're a performer or promoter, roadie or fan, if you want to continue enjoying music, you need to protect your hearing.                                                                                                "Once the hearing's been damaged due to noise, there's no remedy at all," said professor Mark Lutman, an audiology expert at the University of Southampton in England.