Рабочая программа. Учебная дисциплина Б.1_Иностранный язык (стр. 5 )

1. The Geographical Position of the UK. Географическая карта Соединенного Королевства.

2. The parts of GB. Географическая карта Великобритании.

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ГОУВПО «Марийский государственный университет»

Кафедра иностранных языков

УТВЕРЖДАЮ

Зав. кафедрой

иностранных языков

_________________

«_____»______________200_ г.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

«ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК»

1. Методические рекомендации к проведению практических занятий

Задания на формирование речевых умений

Чтение

определять тему (подтемы) текста в опоре на заголовок;

выделять главную мысль;

понимать общее содержание (основную информацию) текста;

детально (точно и полно) изучать информацию текста;

осуществлять поиск и выявлять требующуюся, желаемую информацию;

догадываться о значении незнакомых элементов в тексте по контексту, сходству с родным языком;

распознавать (устанавливать) структуру текста (выделять ее смысловые части: начало, основную часть, заключение);

использовать комментарии, пояснения, примечания для лучшего понимания содержания текста и т. д.

Аудирование

понимать тему, главную мысль сообщения (аудиотекста);

понимать основное содержание, основные сообщаемые факты;

догадываться о значении незнаковых элементов сообщения (слов, словосочетаний, выражений, конструкций);

полно и точно понимать факты, подробности, эмоциональную окраску информации в целом и др.

Говорение (монолог/диалог)

выступать с подготовленным сообщением;

создавать устно (вторичный) текст на основе прочитанного;

строить сообщения логично-последовательно;

четко структурировать высказывание ─ выделять ее смысловые части (начало, основную часть, заключение);

начинать, поддерживать и заканчивать разговор (беседу), используя формулы речевого общения.

Письмо

фиксировать информацию, получаемую при чтении текста (делать записи, выписки);

конспектировать тексты общепедагогического, общеобразовательного, страноведческого характера и по специальности факультета;

передавать содержание текста с использованием схемы реферирования и др.

Задания на формирование речевых навыков

В области фонетики:

совершенствование слухопроизносимых навыков, приобретенных в средней школе;

совершенствование навыков чтения про себя.

В области лексики:

коррекция и развитие лексических навыков, приобретенных в средней школе;

развитие рецептивных и продуктивных навыков словообразования.

В области грамматики:

развитие и совершенствование грамматических навыков (в том числе приобретенных в средней школе).

2. Методические рекомендации по организации

самостоятельной работы студентов

"Самостоятельная деятельность" студентов - форма организации учебной, познавательной деятельности без непосредственного участия преподавателя, но по его заданию, путем проявления максимальной самостоятельности, творчества, инициативы.

Самостоятельная работа студентов по иностранному языку на 2 курсе направлена на достижение следующих целей и задач:

1.  Совершенствовать навыки письма, выполнение письменных заданий, тестов.

2.  Уметь переводить на русский язык тексты общеобразовательного, общепедагогического, страноведческого характера и тексты по специальности.

3.  Уметь готовить и выступать с докладами, сообщениями на изучаемом языке по тематике специальности факультета.

4.  Уметь реферировать тексты на английском языке по пройденной тематике, используя схему для реферирования.

5.  Уметь вести беседу по пройденной тематике, аргументировать, высказывать свое мнение, используя разговорные формулы.

6.  Воспринимать на слух тексты монологического и диалогического характера. Количество незнакомых слов может достигать до 20 слов.

7.  Активно использовать фразы речевого этикета.

8.  Совершенствовать умения и навыки на основе изучаемых текстов.

9.  Формировать навыки эффективной работы со словарем.

Структурные компоненты самостоятельной деятельности:

1.  Содержательный: выделение познавательной задачи, цели учебной деятельности.

2.  Процессуальный: подбор, определение, применение адекватных способов действий, ведущих к достижению результатов.

3.  Мотивационный: потребность к новых знаниях, выполняющих функции самообразования и осознание деятельности.

Виды самостоятельной работы:

–  аудиторная самостоятельная работа (лабораторно-практические занятия, контрольные проверочные задания, работа с книгой, деловые игры и др.).

–  внеаудиторная самостоятельная работа (выполнение домашних заданий и творческих работ, выполнение курсовых и дипломных работ, подготовка к зачетам и экзаменам и др.)

Виды самостоятельной работы студентов (внеаудиторная):

1.  Текущая работа над материалом учебной дисциплины (работа с учебником, подготовка к практическим и лабораторным занятиям, контрольным работам).

2.  Выполнение семестровых домашних занятий (написание докладов, рефератов, ситуационных задач, выполнение тестовых заданий и т. д.).

3.  Подготовка к семестровым и итоговым аттестационным испытаниям (зачетам и экзаменам).

Самостоятельная работа студентов над каждой темой состоит из следующих этапов:

1.  Первичное знакомство с основным текстом, работа над лексико-грамматическим материалом, определение основных и второстепенных идей текста, выполнение дотекстовых и послетекстовых лексических и грамматических заданий.

2.  Ведение словаря спецлексики.

3.  Письменный перевод текста на русский язык.

4.  Углубленная работа над содержанием текста, обсуждение поставленных в нем проблем, выполнение упражнений и подготовка реферирования текста на английском языке.

5.  Письменное и устное реферирование.

6.  Подготовка к лексико-грамматической контрольной работе.

Для выполнения самостоятельной работы используются учебники и базовые учебные пособия, а также дополнительные материалы.

Студент, пропустивший по каким-либо причинам занятия, предъявляет материалы в письменном виде и отчитывается о проделанной самостоятельной работе в часы индивидуальных консультаций.

Формы контроля: зачеты в конце 1, 2, 3 семестров и экзамен по окончанию курса обучения (4 семестр).

Сущность современного образовательного процесса заключается не только в том, чтобы дать знания, умения, навыки подрастающему поколению, развивать у них мышление, но и обучить их формам, методам, средствам самостоятельного добывания знаний. Формирование у студентов умения самостоятельно пополнять знания, ориентироваться в стремительном потоке информации – одно из направлений совершенствования качества подготовки специалистов.

3. Требования к зачетам и экзаменам

К зачету:

Объектами контроля как обязательного компонента процесса обучения иностранному языку являются приобретаемые студентами знания (филологические и страноведческие), уровень сформированности речевых навыков и умений.

Контроль осуществляется поурочно (текущий контроль) по завершении изучения отдельной темы (периодический контроль) и по завершении этапа / курса обучения иностранному языку (итоговый контроль). Во всех формах контроля в качестве одного из вариантов может выступать тестирование.

Текущий контроль реализуется в форме фронтального опроса / беседы, письменной контрольной работы и др.; периодический – в форме устного зачета или письменной контрольной работы по завершении изучения конкретной темы.

Итоговый контроль по завершении 1, 2, 3 семестра проводится в форме зачета, включающего в себя проверку качества сформированности умений:

а) ознакомительного чтения (текст предпочтительно социокультурной тематики; объем текста печатных знаков; понимание проверяется в форме беседы по содержанию текста; время на подготовку до 30 минут);

б) устно-речевого высказывания:

-  монологического характера – подготовленная речь (сообщение, содержащее социокультурную информацию в рамках пройденной тематики; время на подготовку до 15 минут),

-  диалогического характера – неподготовленная речь (беседа с экзаменатором на одну из изученных тем).

К экзамену:

Итоговый контроль по завершении этапа обучения осуществляется в форме экзамена, включающего в себя проверку качества сформированных умений:

а) письменный перевод отрывка из текста по специальности 750 печатных знаков за 30 минут с помощью словаря;

б) реферирование текста с использованием схемы реферирования не менее 15-20 фраз;

в) беседа экзаменатора со студентом по содержанию текста;

г) устная тема социокультурного характера, объем не менее 15-20 фраз.

Время подготовки всех заданий – 60-70 минут.

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ГОУВПО «Марийский государственный университет»

Кафедра иностранных языков

УТВЕРЖДАЮ

Зав. кафедрой

иностранных языков

_________________

«_____»______________200_ г.

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАНЯТИЙ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

«ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК»

Учебно-методические материалы

English Grammar Test

I. Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. …he meet us at the station tomorrow?

a) will b) does c) is

2. …you finished to write your article yet?

a) were b) did c) have

3. What magazine … you looking through when we came into the hall?

a) did b) were c) are

4. I knew you … pass the exams successfully.

a) will b) would c) have

5. This problem …discussed at our last meeting.

a) will be b) was c) had

6. We were watching TV while the children … in the garden.

a) will be playing b) played c) were playing

7. We …to the theatre this month.

a) are not b) have not been c) were not

8. When we … our work we will go home.

a) will finish b) will be finished c) finish

9. My father … home at 5 o’clock yesterday.

a) was coming b) has come c) came

10. At 5 o’clock yesterday I … to the news on the radio.

a) was listening b) listened c) have listened

II. Open the brackets using correct form of the Participle, the Gerund and the Infinitive.

1) (Learn) a foreign language he paid more attention to grammar.

2) (Learn) a foreign language he went abroad.

3) (Learn) a foreign language now he is sometimes tired in the evenings.

4) (Learn) a foreign language by a native speaker he speaks it very well.

5) Excuse me for (break) this ancient vase.

6) There is some information on the punishment for (break) the rules here.

7) How old was he when he learnt (speak)?

8) She doesn’t like (speak) about.

9) They were glad (get) a letter from him.

III. Define the non-finite form in the sentences: a) Participle b) Gerund c) Infinitive

1) Taking a shower in the morning he sang a wonderful song.

2)  To take a shower in the morning he had to get up earlier.

3)  Taking a shower in the morning is useful for your health.

4)  Thank you for coming.

5)  She was the first to come home.

6)  Coming into the room he switched on the light.

7)  Having walked fast he became tired very soon.

8)  Walking along the street he met an old friend of his.

9)  I prefer going home by bus to walking.

10)  Bad driving causes many accidents.

11)  She prefers to be driven by that car.

12)  I was very tired of driving for a long time.

Прочитайте текст два раза в течение 10 минут и выполните задание на проверку понимания его содержания.

Great Britain

The British Isles lying off the north-western coast of the continent of Europe are composed of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland, and a number of small islands. The official title of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The United Kingdom includes England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, the southern and central part of the island, forms the main part of the entire country. Wales lies on the mountainous peninsula in the west. Politically Wales is a part of England and has no independent government. Scotland is in the northern part of the island. Its original inhabitants (коренные жители) are of Celtic origin. In the past Scotland was an independent kingdom and up to the present time maintains certain autonomy. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom as an autonomous region with its own Parliament.

Great Britain is surrounded by water. It has an insular (островной) climate. The summers are cooler and the winters are warmer than in central Europe. The warm Gulf Stream washes the coasts of the British Isles and gives the country a mild climate. The climate on the continent is not so mild as that of England. The best season is spring. In the lovely month of May the weather is the finest.

The insular climate is also moister (более влажный) than the continental climate. It rains very often in England. In London, for instance, it rains more than a hundred and eighty days in the year, and in winter the brown London fog comes very often. The London fog “as thick as peasoup” is an extraordinary thing.

Выбирите правильный ответ

1-2. The British Isles lying off the.... coast of the continent of Europe are composed of.... large islands.

a) south-western; b) north-western; c) north-eastern.

a) two; b) three; c) four.

3. The official title of the country is.... .

a) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;

b) Great Britain;

c) England.

4. The United Kingdom includes..... parts.

a) two; b) three; c) four.

5. ..... has no government of its own.

a) Wales; b) Scotland; c) Northern Ireland.

6. The warm.... washes the coasts of the British Isles and gives the country a mild

climate.

a) Straight of Dover; b) Gulf Stream; c) English Channel.

7. The best season is.... .

a) spring; b) summer; c) autumn.

8. It rains more than.... days in the year.

a) 118; b) 180; c) 108.

Проверочная работа по темам: «Множественное число имен существительных»,

«Притяжательный падеж имен существительных» и

«Притяжательные местоимения»

1. Образуйте множественное число существительных:

Town, duty, boy, family, tooth, shelf, child, ox, woman, light, page, brush, tie, house, foot

2. Поставьте существительные, заключенные в скобках, в нужную форму:

My (grandfather) is dead. His (pen) were red. These (factory) are small. (The page) is clean. (An engeneer) are in Moscow.

3. Замените существительное с предлогом of притяжательным падежом:

·  a meeting of students

·  the flat of my mother-in-law

·  the rays of the sun

·  the joys of life

·  the house of his parents

·  the theatres of Moscow

·  the children of my sister Mary

·  the floor of the room

4. Переведите словосочетания на английский язык, употребляя притяжательный падеж:

Старшая дочь моей сестры, квартира их родителей, семья моего брата, стены старого дома, рассказы этого писателя, письмо той девочки, дети его сестры Мэри, книга студента

5. Образуйте притяжательную форму (простую и абсолютную) личных местоимений:

I ____ ____

He ____ ____

She ____ ____

It ____ ____

We ____ ____

You ____ ____

They ____ ____

6. Употребите нужную форму притяжательных местоимений:

1)  Would you like to see some of (her, hers) poems?

2)  (Their, theirs) knowledge of the subject is not much superior to (our, ours).

3)  You take care of (your, yours) things and I’ll take care of (my, mine).

4)  All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

5)  (Their, theirs) boat was faster then (our, ours).

Тестовые задания для промежуточного контроля

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

(affirmative sentences)

Test 1

plete the sentences choosing the right variant.

1. The children are very quiet. Go and see what they ... .

are doing/do/are sleeping

2. Ann is making her dress at the moment. She... all her own clothes.

makes/is doing/is making

3. My friend always... me the truth. But I see that she is telling lies now.

speaks/tells/is telling

4. As a rule, she wears nice hats, but today she... a funny-looking one.

wears/is wearing/wear

5. Don’t make any noise! The students... a composition now.

are writing/write/don’t write

6. He usually... coffee but today he is drinking tea.

have/drinks/is having

7. Jane can’t read the newspaper now because her mother... it.

is looking/is reading/reads

8. It’s autumn now. The birds... together.

flock/flocks/are flocking

9. I sometimes... while I.... .

am singing/cook

sings/cooks

sing/am cooking

10. He doesn’t like to play while the others... .

work/ are working/are playing

11. Julia is very good at languages. She … four foreign languages.

doesn’t speak/speaks/is speaking

12. The River Amazon … into the Atlantic Ocean.

is flowing/flow/flows

13. The Earth … round the Sun.

goes/go/is going

14. The swimming pool … at 9 o’clock and … at 7 o’clock every day.

is opening … closing/open … closes/opens … closes

15. She … pies every Sunday.

cooks/is cooking/cook

16. They often … mistakes.

are making/do/make

17. It … me just twenty minutes to make this salad.

takes/needs/is taking

18. The girl... the dog as her mother... dinner at home.

feeds/ cooks

is walking/ is cooking

Test 2

Read the text and fill the gaps 1-6 with the parts of sentences A-G. One of the parts A-G is superfluous. Write down answers into the table.

I've been learning English since I was 7. The first few years were really disastrous to me! We – my brother and I – had to learn words and grammar rules, 1 ____________. We completely didn't feel the need to learn English. Everything has changed since I went to the USA for the first time in 1989.1 was under great impression of picturesque Great Canyon, Sonora Desert and by all means, as a little girl I was fascinated by Disneyland! As far as my education is concerned, I think that the most important thing to mention is that from the earliest childhood I've been taught by qualified teachers, 2. _____________. I think that this is of prime importance especially for young learners, as they tend to learn wrong things very easily and later it takes an uphill struggle to eliminate those errors. My teachers focused on all aspects of the language: 3 _____________. When I was younger they used to show me what the best ways of practicing a language are.

Nowadays, I know about what to do to learn it most effectively. I watch many films in original version and American programmes on TV, I read English books. To practice new words I write essays 4 ___________. Such exercises help me a lot during oral exams 5 _________ . I could work on vocabulary many hours, especially on idioms and metaphors, they are my all means, I use many exercise books which help me to practice my grammar. Yet I'm of the opinion that the most natural way to practice grammar is to talk, write essays etc. Of course, you have to know the grammar rules first. All in all, I must admit that I like oral English the most. Maybe it's 6 _____________.

A. who translated a lot

B. grammar, vocabulary, oral and written English

C. because I'm quite a talkative person

D. either at home or in high school

E. when I have to answer questions or deliver a speech

F. which didn't seem to have much sense for us at that time

G. which include new interesting vocabulary

Task 3

Translate

1.  The standard working day in many countries usually starts at 9.

2.  Overtime is generally.

3.  To my mind, a similar law exists in many English speaking countries.

4.  It lasts till 5 or 6.

5.  The law does not say what shops can be open.

6.  If the law is broken criminal proceedings may start.

1. Эта тема обсуждалась на прошлом уроке.

2. Этот праздник будет отмечаться в следующий вторник.

3. Все офисы будут закрыты.

4. Когда вам сказали об этом празднике?

Make the sentences.

1.  Is all in at the New at Year’s Day the celebrated same countries time?

2.  Most are on shops Sundays closed.

3.  Should that many the officials law demand abolished be.

MODALS. CAN, MAY, MUST

Test 4

plete the sentences choosing the right variant.

1.  …. I use your telephone? − It is at your disposal.

can/may/must

2.  She …. not run long distances. She is quickly out of breath.

can/may/must

3.  He … be outdoors now. He is quite well.

can/may/must

4.  To keep fit we … work on everything − exercise, diet, healthy habits.

can/may/must

5.  We … take drugs by no means!

can/may/must

6.  Not every person … swim. Somebody is afraid of depth.

can/may/must

7.  My relatives … arrive tomorrow. I don’t know exactly.

can/may/must

8. You … not cross the street when the light is red.

can/may/must

9. I... not understand you. Speak up!

can/may/must

10. You... speak to Nick. He is in trouble.

can/may/must

11. Every young man... serve in the army.

can/may/must

12. If you have done your homework, you … go for a walk.

can/may/must

VERBS OF OBLIGATION: MUST, TO HAVE TO,

TO BE TO, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, NEED

Test 5

plete the sentences choosing the right variant.

1. We... to meet last Friday.

are/were/have to

2. I... to cook dinner myself because my mother is out.

should/have/must

3. You... not go to bed so late. It’s bad for your health.

ought/have to/should

4. Robert... to take his exam next month.

has/must/is

5. I... to take a taxi in order not to be late.

have/must/am

6. You... not drink cold water if you don’t want to fall ill.

ought/should/must

7. I think you... consult a doctor.

should/have/must

8. We... not buy fruit. We have much at home.

have/need/are

9. The train... to arrive at six.

have/should/is

10. You... not interrupt me when I am speaking.

must/need/are

11. The government … do more to help homeless people.

must/is/should

12. My eyesight (зрение) isn’t very good. I … to wear glasses for reading.

have/should/must

13. You … not to write so carelessly (небрежно), nobody can make out your handwriting.

ought/should/must

14. One … not make such decisions in a hurry.

can/should/has

Test 6

Choose the right variant.

1. If you want to improve your English, you … work very hard.

a) can b) need c) must d) do

2. The doctor says you … stay at home for a day or two.

a) should b) may c) need d) is

3. My sister … speak French two years ago.

a) can b) must c) couldn’t d) wasn’t

4. He was to pay the bills, that’s why he … to sell his guitar.

a) must b) had c) did d) can

5. Must I buy the bread? – No, you … , we have some at home.

a) should b) can c) needn’t d) mustn’t

6. When I came to Pete’s house yesterday, he …. …. a new book.

a) reads b) will read c) was reading d) have read

7. The play … yet and the people are still talking in the hall.

a) has not begun b) didn’t begin c) were not begin d) isn’t begin

8. John … his finger when he was cooking his dinner.

a) burnt b)was burning c) has burnt d) burns

9. After I … my exams, I will go to see my grandmother in the village.

a) will pass b) have passed c) pass d) is passing

10. He … to St. Petersburg since his childhood.

a) haven’t been b) wasn’t c) hasn’t been d) wasn’t been

11. Bread … every day.

a) is eaten b) was eaten c) eats d ) will eat

12. I … at the lesson yesterday.

a) asked b) was asked c) asking d) will be asked

13. The shop … tomorrow.

a) has closed b) will be closed c) closed d) closing

14. When the father came home the work … already.

a) had been done b) was doing c) had done d) were doing

15. Who … by?

a) the radio was invented b)was the radio invented

c) did invent the radio c) was inventing the radio

16. Finally they stopped … .

a) were laughing b) being laughing c) laughing d) laughed

17. He likes … stories and anecdotes.

a) telling b) were telling c) told d) will tell

18. He likes … the guitar.

a) to play b) played c) were playing d) plays.

19. You must go to the library …. this book.

a) getting b) to get c) got d) having been getting

20. The letter … by her mother was lying on the table.

a) writing b) written c) is wrote d) writing

21. If you want to enter … Institute you must study hard.

a) the b) - c) to the d) in the

22. He is often late … the first lecture in the morning.

a) on b) in c) - d) for

23. She was always interested … the Middle Ages History.

a) for b) - c) about d) in

24. The parents are proud … their child’s progress.

a) in b) about c) – d) of

25. Today everybody is present … the lecture.

a) in b) on c) at d) –

Test 7.

The United Kingdom

of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Fill in the blanks with the correct word (a, b or c)

  1.  The United Kingdom is...:

  a)  a constitutional monarchy;

  b)  a federation of states;

  c)  a federative republic.

  2.  The Head of the British state is …:

  a)  the Queen;

  b)  the Shah;

  c)  the Prime Minister.

  3.  Queen Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in …:

  a)  1952;

  b)  1962;

  c)  1972.

  4.  The British monarchs are crowned in …:

  a)  St. Paul’s Cathedral;

  b)  Buckingham Palace;

  c)  Westminster Abbey.

  5.  The actual ruler of the United Kingdom is...:

  a)  the Queen;

  b)  the Prime Minister;

  c)  the President.

  6.  The ruling Monarch has the right to call Parliament which opens every year in...:

  a)  summer;

  b)  autumn;

  c)  spring.

  7.  When the Monarch opens Parliament, he/she sits …:

  a)  on the throne in the House of Lords;

  b)  on the woolsack;

  c)  on the Speaker’s chair in the House of Commons.

  8.  The Queen’s residence in London is...:

  a)  № 10 Downing Street;

  b)  Buckingham Palace;

  c)  the Palace of Westminster.

  9.  The family name of the present royal family is …:

  a)  Tudor;

  b)  Windsor;

  c)  Stuart.

10.  The Queen’s favourite animals are …:

  a)  cats;

  b)  dogs;

hamsters.

Test 8.

The United States of America

Fill in the blanks with the correct word (a, b or c)

  1.  The total area of the United States occupying a favourable geographical position is about... million square kilometres, the population – over... million people:

  a)  8.9...240;

  b)  9.2...248;

  c)  9.4...260.

  2.  The American continent was named after …, a nobleman from Florence who helped to organize Columbus’s second voyage in 1493:

  a)  John Cabot;

  b)  Cartier;

  c)  Amerigo Vespucci.

  3.  … is of great importance for the country’s sea communications with Europe, Africa and South America:

  a)  The Pacific Ocean;

  b)  The Atlantic Ocean;

  c)  The Caribbean Sea.

  4.  The longest river in the US called «the father of waters», the second largest river in the world (after the Nile), is...:

  a)  the Mississippi;

  b)  the Missouri;

  c)  the Ohio.

  5.  The ... river flows backward:

  a)  Colorado;

  b)  Hudson;

  c)  Chicago.

  6.  The largest lake within the United States is Lake...:

  a)  Superior;

  b)  Ontario;

  c)  Michigan.

  7.  The beautiful waterfall..., the most widely known natural wonder in America, «the roaring waters», is situated directly on the New York Central Lines, midway between New York and Chicago:

  a)  Anchel;

  b)  Niagara;

  c)  Victoria.

  8.  The Majestic..., high, sharp, rough and uneven, stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic:

  a)  Appalachians;

  b)  Rocky Mountains;

  c)  Cascade Mountains.

  9.  The Mount Rushmore Memorial, created by Gutson Borglum, a famous American sculptor, is now an important point of interest which is visited by thousands of tourists every year. It is famous for the gigantic (eighteen metres high) heads of..., ..., ..., ..., ..., carved out of the granite of the mountain. These figures symbolize the birth and trials of the first 150 years of the United States:

  a)  Washington, Lincoln, Reagan, Bush;

  b)  Jefferson, Lincoln, Eisenhower, Kennedy;

  c)  Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt (Theodore).

10.  ... is considered to open a gateway to a new world in 1492:

  a)  Leif Ericson;

  b)  Christopher Columbus;

Amerigo Vespucci.

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ГОУВПО «Марийский государственный университет»

Кафедра иностранных языков

УТВЕРЖДАЮ

Зав. кафедрой

иностранных языков

_________________

«_____»______________200_ г.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ ТЕКУЩЕГО КОНТРОЛЯ, ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОЙ АТТЕСТАЦИИ И ИТОГОВОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ

«ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК»

1. Экзаменационные материалы

(образцы)

__________________________________________________________________________

ГОУ ВПО «Марийский государственный университет»

Факультет ________________________________________

Специальность / направление ________________________

Утверждаю

заведующий кафедрой

иностранных языков

Протокол №

«____» _______________ 200_ г.

ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № ______

по английскому языку

1.  Read and translate the text _____________________________________________________________. Translate the passage from English into Russian (in writing).

Retell the text and get ready to discuss it with the teacher.

2.  Speak on a topic.

Преподаватель ____________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

The science of psychology

Psychology is first of all a science. Like all sciences, it relies on empirical data: information that has been systematically observed, measured, and recorded. This information is used to test predictions about behaviour and mental processes.

Psychology is also a means of promoting human welfare. Research that is purposely directed toward this goal is called applied science. In contrast, research conducted purely to add to our store of knowledge is called basic science. Sometimes, however, basic science leads to practical applications.

The founder of psychology is generally considered to be Wilhelm Wundt, who in the late nineteenth century created a laboratory to explore human consciousness. Wundt and his students conducted studies on a broad range of topics. Their efforts to use precise and systematic methods launched psychology as a science.

Charles Darwin‘s ideas about evolution sparked psychologists‘ investigation into the adaptive functions of psychological processes, thus launching the movement called functionalism. The functionalists, whose leading exponent was William James, saw mental life as helping an organism adapt to and cope with its environment.

The behaviorists insisted that psychology rely only on data that can be empirically measured. The pioneering work of Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, E. L. Thorndike, and B. F. Skinner helped to spark interest in how learned associations give rise to specific responses. In the United States, the study of how rewards and punishments control behaviour became the hallmark of behaviorism.

In contrast to the behaviorists‘ focus on observable behaviour, the practitioners of Gestalt psychology stressed how the mind integrates pieces of information into meaningful wholes. Their emphasis on this important process formed the basis for the modern study of perception.

Cognitive psychologists have broadened the study of mental processes to include such topics as concept formation, problem solving, decision making, and the use of language. Cognitive processes have now become a very important area of psychological research.

Sigmund Freud emphasized the role of the unconscious in personality development. He felt that unconscious conflicts can be deprived of their power to dominate a person‘s life if they are brought into awareness through a process called psychoanalysis. While few psychologists wholly accept Freud‘s ideas today, his influence on twentieth-century thought has been profound.

Humanists have reacted against the deterministic views of both behaviorism and Freudian psychology. They maintain that people are free to become whatever they are capable of being. Humanists have developed forms of psychotherapy that stress the potential for self-fulfillment and growth.

Contemporary psychology has so many subfields that its practitioners have been forced – like those of every other science – to become specialists. Experimental psychologists rely largely on laboratory experiments to investigate basic behavioral processes, such as sensation, perception, memory, and learning. Physiological psychologists study the biological bases of behaviour, especially the nervous and endocrine systems. Personality psychologists measure and explain individual differences in behaviour, while developmental psychologists seek to explore changes throughout the life cycle. Social psychologists look at the influence of social situations on human thought and actions, while clinical psychologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of behaviour disorders. Educational and school psychologists are concerned with the processes of formal education, and industrial and organizational psychologists focus on the relationship between people and their work.

In addition to the long-established subfields of psychology, new ones are emerging. These include health psychology, artificial intelligence (AI), organizational and policy research, together with program evaluation, and war and peace research.