10. Then about ten years ago he (disappear) and I never (hear) from him since.
11. «The gas stove is covered in grease. It’s filthy. Why you (not clear) up after you had cooked breakfast? You even (leave) the breakfast things in the sink.»
12. I can’t think where I (leave) my key. It’s probably in my other bag.
13. You (paint) any more pictures lately?
14. Then I (come) here and I (be) here since.
15. The general turned to my father and said abruptly: « You (be) in the Boer war?»
16. The voice on the telephone said: «I’m sorry to bother you but you (receive) my letter?» I said, «Well, I may have and I may not. I (be) away and there are a lot of letter here. I (not look) at them yet.» «I (write) to your club as well.» «I (not open) those either.»
17. «Oh, e in. You (have) tea?» «Yes, thanks.» «Some milk then? I just (drink) some.»
18. «When I (meet) her she (talk) to me of you. God, what a pedestal she (put) you on!» «Well, I (come) off it with a crash. I (topple) for some time,» he said bitterly.
Exercise 24
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and present perfect
Later that afternoon Miss MacDonald (tell) Tom that Hopkins would like to see him that evening at 7 o’clock. At two minutes after the hour, Tom (knock) at Hopkins door. Hopkins (open) it. He (be) alone, and, to Tom’s surprise, he (look) tired. He (pace) restlessly up and down the room jungling the change in his pockets and gesticulating as he (talk). The first thing he (say) after greeting Tom (be): «I definitely (decide) to go ahead with this mental health committee.»
Section IV. Past Perfect
Chart 14. PAST PERFECT
| a) My parents had already eaten by the time I got home. b) Until yesterday, I had never heard about it. c) The thief simply walked in. Someone had forgotten to lock the door. | The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past. |
| d) Sam had already left when we got there. e) Sam had left before we got there. f) Sam left before we got there. g) After the guests had left, I went to bed. h) After the guests left, I went to bed. | In (d): 1st: Sam left 2nd: We got there.* If either before or after is used in the sentence, the past perfect is often not necessary because the time relationship is already clear. The simple past may be used, as in (f) and (h). Note: (e) and (f) have the same meaning; (g) and (h) have the same meaning. |
*COMPARE: Sam left when we got there. =1st: We got there.
2nd: Sam left.
Exercise 25
Open the brackets using past simple, past progressive and past perfect.
Las night we (go) to a football match. We (take) a bus, The bus (be) full of people as many people (want) to see the match. We (get) off the bus and (go) in the direction of the stadium. While we (cross) the road, I (see) Donald. He (stand) at the corner. He said he (wait) for his friend who (come) to London the day before and (wish) to see the new stadium. A man (come) up to me and asked if I (have) a spare ticket for the match. Donald told us that two boys just (ask) him whether he )have) a spare ticket. We (enter) the stadium just as the football players (come) out on to the field. At the entrance to the stadium we (meet) Tom. He (show) us to our seats and we (agree) to meet in the refreshment-room during the interval. He (ask) me if I (play) football in my childhood.
Exercise 26
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect simple
1. A.: I’m sorry we’re late. We missed (miss) the train.
B.: How (that/happen)?
A.: Well, I (get) the times wrong and when we (arrive) at the station, the train (just leave).
2. A.: (you/have) a good meal at Hillary’s?
B.: Well no, it (be) very embarrassing. When we (arrive), we (know) immediately that she (forget) about the whole thing.
A.: So what (she/do)?
B.: Well, she (pretend) that she (not forget) and (say) that the meal (not be) ready because she (get) home from work very late.
A.: Oh no, how awful!
3. It (be) a beautiful morning. It (rain) in the night and so the ground (be) fresh and clean and it (smell) wonderful. None of the Taylor family (be) awake though. They (all go) to bed very late the night before. Their Australian cousin (arrive) unexpectedly that evening and they (sit up) talking most of the night. Although it (be) now 8 o’clock in the morning, they (only be) in bed for about two hours.
Exercise 27
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect
James Barry sat (sit) outside the office waiting for the interview. He (feel) so nervous that he (not know) what to do with himself. The person who (go in) before him (be) in there for nearly and hour. And she (look) so confident when she (go) in. Not like James. He (feel) sure that she (already get) the job. The problem (be) that he (want) this job so much. It (mean) everything to him. He (think) about it such a lot before the day of the interview. He (imagine) himself performing brilliantly at the interview and being offered the job immediately. But now here he (be) feeling terribly. He (cannot remember) all those things he (plan) to say. At that moment he (almost decide) to get up and leave. But no - he (have to do) this. He (spend) so much time thinking about it that he (cannot give up) like that. His hands (be) hot and sticky and his mouth (feel) dry. Finally the door of the office (open). The woman who (go in) and hour earlier (come out) looking very pleased with herself. She (smile) sympathetically at James. At that moment James (hate) her. The managing director then (appear) at the office door. Would you like to come in now, Mr. Barry? I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. James suddenly (wish) that he (go) home after all. He (get up), legs shaking and forehead sweating and (wonder) whether he (look) as terrified as he (feel).
Exercise 28
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect
1. The new bus-driver (have) an accident after he (drive) a few yards.
2. When I (get) to the cinema, the film (start).
3. The students (enter) the classroom five minutes after the bell (ring).
4. After she (lock) and (bolt) all the doors, she (go) to bed.
5. The students (do) the exercise very well after the teacher (show) them how to.
6. The little boy (tell) a lie five minutes after he (promise) to tell the truth.
7. When the plane (land), the sun (set).
8. She (feel) sick) after she (eat) a whole box of chocolates.
9. After the doctor (examine) the child he (have) a talk with the mother.
10. When I (call) on my friend, he (go) out.
11. Mary (finish) her homework when her father (come) home from his office.
12. I (throw) away the newspaper after I (read) it.
13. After she (spend) all her money she (ask) her farther to help her.
14. The teacher (give) back the exercise-books after he (correct) them.
15. The sun (rise) when the farmer (start) work.
Exercise 29
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect. Notice that a past time is given in the first sentence of each passage, and that a past tense is used to express this time.
1. The tourists arrived at London Airport early on Monday morning. They (leave) Cairo on Sunday evening. They (spend) a fortnight in Egypt and (see) most of the sights. After they (show) their passports to the official and (pass) through the Customs, they (get) on the bus and (go) to the terminal.
2. The examination was over at noon. Jack gave his answer paper to the teacher and (leave) the room. He (not answer) all the questions. He (write) very long answers to three questions and there (not be) enough time to answer the other two.
3. Henry came home at half past eleven last night. He (meet) a friend in the street at seven o’clock and (go) to the cinema with him. When he got home, the house (be) ion darkness. Everybody (go) to bed.
4. Mr. Jones left the hospital at the end of April. He (break) his leg in March and (be) in hospital for about five weeks. He (get) into a taxi and (go) straight home. He (tell) everybody at home that the doctors and nurses (look) after hin very well.
5. I left home this morning at eight o’clock, (jump) on a bus and (sit) down. The conductor (come) for the fare. I (put) my hand in my pocket for the money, but is (be) empty. I (forget) my money. I (leave) it on the table in my bedroom. I (have to get off the bus and go home again. I (be) half and hour late at the office that morning. I (never) be late before.
Exercise 30
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect
He (look) at his watch. In a quarter of an hour he (be) due at the General Meeting of the New Colliery Company - one of the Uncle Jolyon’s concerns; he should see Uncle Jolyon there, and say something to him about Bossiney - (not/make) up his mind what, but something - in any case he should not answer this letter until he (see) Uncle Jolyon. He (get) up and methidically (put) away the draft of his defence. Going into a dark little cupboard, he (turn) up the light, (wash) his hands with a piece of brown Windsor soap, and (dry) them on a roller towel. Then he (brush) his hair, (turn) down the light, (take) his hat and (leave) the house.
Exercise 31
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect
It (be) so exiting to be actually at the party again. She (be) pleased also with the warm reception she (receive). When she (enter) the house, everyone (rush) to her with cries of pleasure and welcome, (kiss) her, (shake) her hand, (tell) her they (miss) her dreadfully. Everyone (speak) gently with tears in their eyes and (ask) at length about her children. Everyone (ask) about Melanie and Ashley, demanding the reason why they, too, (not/come) back to Atlanta.
Exercise 32
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect
1. At half past four I (put) on the lights. The shop (look) shabbier in artificial light too, the shelves (be) dusty and the ceiling (be/not painted) since I (go) there. It (be) full of cracks. I (look) in the mirror to see how my hair (be). We were going somewhere that night, my friend Baba and me. My face in the mirror (look) round and smooth. I (suck) my cheeks in, to make them thinner. I (long) to be thin like Baba.
2. He (tell) me that he (win) cups and medals for swimming when he (be) a boy. He (live) most of his life in Dublin, with his mother, and (go) to work at twelve or thirteen. His father (leave) them when he (be) a small boy, and as a child he (comb) the beaches looking for scrap.
Exercise 33
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect
1. During that long drive he (experience) again feelings that he (not have) since the war.
2. His eyes (light) on the paper bag containing those things he (buy).
3. He (stop) suddenly and (hear) his heart in the silence. How far he (walk)? What hour it (be)?
4. Some sound in the night (awaken) me. I (roll) over in the blanket his aunt (loan) me and (go) out.
5. These (be) the highest words of praise they ever (hear) from the old man.
6. 6. Evening (fall) when he (wake).
7. At half past nine, when the last patient (leave) the surgery, he (come) out and (go) straight home.
8. He (hardly) reach) the trees when the kitchen door (open) and steps (sound) on the wooden porch.
9. Melanie (turn) to her and on her face (be) the expression Scarlett never (see) in those serene eyes.
10. This (be) the talking between brothers who just (meet) up with each other.
11. It (be) he who (ask) me to stay on when I (want) to leave.
12. For the first time since I (come) into the room, he (speak).
13. What (make) you think me (be) upset) last night? - He (do) a thing he never (do) before.
14. He (talk) about the town, where he (live) for some years.
15. At half past four I (put) on the lights.
16. He (say) she (read) all about it in the paper a year or two before.
17. His father (arrive) last year.
18. Tom (have) a feeling that he (see) the man before.
19, He (come) up last summer.
20. I (work) in a florist’s in the north of the town and (be) there for two years.
21. She (keep) calling her son until he (return) to the front of the house.
22. He hardly (go) when the telephone bell (ring).
23. Fleur (look) at her watch and (rise).
24. When her father (go) she (put) the book on the desk.
25. He (sink) into a chair, remembering what her father (say) to him a few days before his departure.
26. Eighteen years (go) since he first (go) into the St. John’s Wood house.
27. It (seem) she (drive) a long time when the car (stop).
28. This down-break of his son, whom he (not see) cry since he (be) born, (move) Jolyon terribly.
29. She barely (go) when I (come).
30. Constance (catch) hold of the chair in which her mother (sit) before.
31. It (be) still early in the day to cook the meal, because the sun (not reach) yet the noon.
32. With that he (turn) his back and (look) at the house before which he (descend).
33. And there (begin) for Soames the most confused evening he ever (spend).
34. He (shake) hands and (hurry) off.
Exercise 34
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect
1. I (be) very careful not to hint or remind her in any way of what she (tell) me.
2. He (be) with them every day since he (arrive) from London.
3. She (not see) him since long before her last son (be) born.
4. There (be) a curious expression on his face I never (see) before.
5. Almost opposite (be) that gallery where she first (meet) him and John.
6. He (be) a teacher at the University as his father (be) before him.
7. There (be) a silence after she (go).
8. It (be) one of the happiest afternoons he ever (spend).
9. And then, turning the corner of the path, Old Jolyon (see) Irene exactly where he (see) her the first time, on the log.
10. And still he (think) about it even after he (go) to bed.
11. And, paying for what he (not eat), he (go) out, passing two acquaintances without sign of recognition.
12. Very deliberately and carefully, Poirot (retell) the conversation he (hold) with Shaitana at Wessex House.
13. She just (open) the letter a few moments before my call (come) through.
14. She (greet) Poirot whom she (meet) before at a literary dinner in an agreeable bass voice.
15. There (be) something vaguely familiar about her face but I couldn’t remember where I (see) her before.
16. Big Ben (thump) out eleven strokes; Dandie (bark), and Michael (know) that Soames (come).
17. He (step) forward and there (appear) in his voice a quality of strength that his sister never (hear) before.
18. When Val (leave) them Soames and Winifred (make) their way to the Cheshire Cheese.
19. The old man (sit) there after Lester (go), thinking deeply.
20. When an hour (pass) she (hear) somebody’s feet coming down the street.
21. About twenty people already (arrive) when they (enter) the hall.
22. They (not go) four miles before Swithin (receive) the impression that Irene (like) driving with him.
23. Every one (stand) up. James (be) so old; and Soames (not be) at Timothy’s for nearly two years.
24. But he (not go) forty yards in the direction of Piccadilly when Holly’s shay face (come) up before him.
25. As it (be), he (receive) nods and even smiles form people who never (seem) to look at him before.
Exercise 35
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and past perfect
After Pissy (go), Scarlett (go) wearily into the downstairs hall and (light) a lamp. The house (feel) steamingly hot, as though it held in its walls all the heat of the noontide. Some of her dullness (pass) now and her stomach (clamour) for food. She (remember) she (have) nothing) to eat since the night before except a spoonful of hominy and picking up the lamp she (go) into the kitchen. The fire in the oven (die) but the room (be) hot. She (find) half a pone of bread and (eat) quickly while she (look) about for other food. There (be) some hominy left in the pot and she (eat) it with a big cooking spoon, not waiting to put it on a plate. It (need) salt badly but she (be) too hungry to hunt for it. After four spoonfuls of it, the heat of the room (be) too much and, taking the lamp in one hand and a piece of bread in the other, she (go) out into the hall. It (be) so much cooler here, even the night was drowned in soft warmth. She (sit) down on the steps in the circle of faint light thrown by the lamp and (continue) eating the bread.
When she (finish) it, a measure of strength (come) back to her.
Exercise 36
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and past perfect
I (not/be) in Tahiti long before I (meet) Captain Nichols. He (come) in one morning when I (have) breakfast on the terrace of the hotel and (introduce) himself. He (hear) that I (be) interested in Charles Strickland, and (announce) that he (come) to have a talk about him. I (ask) the stranger if he (have) breakfast. «Yes’» he (answer). When he (smile) he (show) broken and discoloured teeth. He (be) a very lean man, with grey hair cut short and a grey moustache. He (not/shave) for a couple of days.
«I knew Strickland well/» he (say), as he (lean) back in his chair and (light) the cigar I (offer) him.
«Where you (meet) him?» I (ask).
«In Marselles!»
«What you (do) there?»
He (smile) and (say): «Well, I guess I (be) on the beach.»
Exercise 37
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and past perfect
He (not/cover) the first of those miles, however, when the luck (favour) him at last. He (meet) a cart turning in his direction out of a field and this time he (be) able to beg a lift, though it (take) several minutes to explain the driver , a little old whiskered fellow nearly as deaf as one of his own sacks, exactly what he (want). And by the time he (make) it plain to his companion that he (travel) about, that he (want) a wash and brush-up and some breakfast, Everwell itself (be) in sight. It (be) a little place that (look) somehow as if it had been dropped there.
Exercise 38
Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple, past simple, past progressive and past perfect
We just (finish) lunch. Mrs. Stacey (go) to her room to rest as usual. I (settle) her on her bed with plenty of pillows and her book, and (leave) the room when she (call) me back.
«Don’t go, nurse, there (be) something I (want) to say to you.»
I (come) back into the room.
«Shut the door.»
I (obey).
She (get) up from the bed and (begin) to walk up and down the room. I could see that she (make) up her mind to something and I (not/like) to interrupt her. She (be) clearly in indecision of mind.
Section V. Present Perfect Progressive
Chart 15. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
| Right now I am sitting at my desk. a) I have been sitting here since seven o’clock. b) I have been sitting here for two hours. c) You have been studying for five straight hours. Why don’t you take a break? d) It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now. | This tense is used to indicate the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present. When the tense has this meaning, it is used with time words such as for, since, all morning, all day, all week. |
(recently) | e) I have been thinking about changing my major. f) All of the students have been studying hard. Final exams start next week. g) My back hurts, so I have been sleeping on the floor lately. The bed is too soft. | When the tense is used without any specific mention of time, it expresses a general activity in progress recently, lately. |
h) I have lived here since 1985. I have been living here since 1985. i) He has worked at the same store for ten years. He has been working at the same store for ten years. | With certain verbs (most notably live, work, teach), there is little or no difference in meaning between the two tenses when since of for is used. |
Exercise 39
Use the present progressive of the present perfect progressive in the following sentences:
1. «There is a man sitting at the first table near the door. He (look) at us,» she said. «He is, but what of it?» «I (meet) him everywhere of late.»
2. Ever since my University days I (study) the history of Russia. Now I (read) books on the Civil War.
3. I know you (ask) for somebody with experience on your staff. There is a doctor in our laboratory who might interest you. But he now (finish) and experiment.
4. «I (visit) with friends.» «How long you (stay) with your friends?»
5. The door was opened by Mrs. Manning. «Well, well, you’re just in time. I (make) some cakes. And your father (have) breakfast.»
6. «Where’s my daughter?» «She (talk) to a policeman.» «What’s happened?» «She (drive) without a license.»
7. «I hope you (do) well?» «Splendid/ I was very sorry that you left us. We (do) better ever since.»
8. «Hello,» she said. «I’m glad you (have) lunch here. I (want) to talk to you.»
9. «We (stay) here nearly a week.» «I hope you (not think) of leaving.»
10. «The girl (wait) to see you, doctor.» «How long she (wait)?»
Exercise 40
Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect progressive. (In some cases either could be used.)
1. We (walk) ten kilometres.
2. We (walk) for three hours.
3. You (walk) too fast. That/s why you are tired.
4. I (make) a sausage rolls for the party all the morning.
5. How many you (make)? - I (make) 200.
6. That boy (eat) seven ice-creams.
7. He (not stop) eating since he arrived.
8. The driver (drink). I think someone else ought to drive.
9. I (pull) up 100 dandelions.
10. I (pull) up dandelions all day.
11. What you (do)? - We (pick) apples.
12. How many you (pick)? - We (pick) ten baskets.
13. I (sleep) on every bed in this house and I don’t like any of them.
14. He (sleep) since ten o’clock. It’s time he woke up.
15. He (ride); that/s why he is wearing breeches.
16. I (ride) all the horses in this stable.
17. What a lovely smell! - Mary (make) jam.
16. The students (work) very well this term.
19. I only (hear) from him twice since he went away.
20. I (hear) from her regularly. She is a very goo correspondent.
21. I (grease) my car. That’s why my hands are so dirty.
22. I (polish) this table all the morning and she isn’t satisfied with it yet.
23. I (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) «Good morning» to me.
25. He (teach) in this school for five years.
25. I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class as this.
26. Why you (be) so long in the garage? - The tyres were flat; I (pump) them up.
27. I (pump) up three tyres. Would you like to do the fourth?
28. I (look) for mushrooms but I (not find) any.
29. He (cough) a lot lately. He ought to give up smoking.
30. You (hear) the news? Jeff and Monica are engaged! - That’s not new; I (know) it for ages!
31. I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour. I wish you’d go away or stop talking. - I hardly (say) anything.
32. The driver of that car (sound) his horn or the last ten minutes.
33. It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match was postponed.
34. He (hope) for a rise in salary for six months but he (not dare) to ask for it yet.
35. Mr. Stacey, you (whisper) to the student on you right for the last ten minutes. You (help) her with her exam paper of she (help) you?
36. Why you (make) such a terrible noise? - I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at the window. - You (throw) stones at the wrong window. You live next door.
Exercise 41
Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
1. Why you (not bring) me the letters for signature? You (not type) them yet?
2. I (do) housework all morning and I (not finish) yet. - I (do) min already. I always start at 6 a. m.
3. She just (sell) two of her own paintings. - She’s lucky. I (paint) for five years and I (not sell) a single picture yet.
4. What you (do) with my typewriter? I can’t find it anywhere. - Tom just (go) off with it.
5. George (collect) match-boxes ever since he left school. Now he (collect) so many that he doesn’t know where to put them.
6. That man (stand) at the bus stop for the last half hour. Shall I tell him that the last bus already (go)?
Exercise 42
Open the brackets using the present perfect or the present perfect progressive and either since or for.
Dear Pierre,
I’m glad that you are my new pen-friend. Let me tell you something about myself and my hobbies.
I am 12 years old and I (attend) our local comprehensive school... almost 2 years. I don’t like school too much. I prefer riding my bicycle and playing football. I (ride) a bicycle... I was 7 and I (play) football for the school team... last January. It’s a great fun. But I (not play) with the team... the last four weeks, because the weather’s been too wet. I haven’t got any favourite school subjects apart from sports. I (learn) French at school... a year now, but I don’t really enjoy it. I have some interesting hobbies: I often go to football matches and... two years now I (build) a model railway with my father.
I also have a favourite uncle in France. He (work) in Paris... the summer before last. He often writes to us, but I (not write) to him... his birthday.
I (lie) in bed ill... over a week now. I (have) a bad cold and a high temperature... last Sunday so I (not be able) to go to school... a week. Isn’t that a great pity? I (not do) any homework... over a week, either.
Please write to me soon.
With best wishes,
Peter Manning
Exercise 43
Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
Tim Bryant, a magazine journalist, is interviewing Margaret Rodwell, the founder of a successful company.
TB: | So why do you think your company has been (be) so successful? |
MR: | Well, our products (fill) a large gap in the market and I think one of the most important things is that we (always listen) to our clients and we (act) on their comments and suggestions. |
TB: | And what’s a typical day for you? |
MR: | Well, take today for example. I (interview) candidates for a marketing executive post. |
TB: | And how many (you/interview)? |
MR: | Er, I (interview) four so far. And I (talk) to clients on the phone on and off all day. I seem to spend a lot of time on the phone. I (discuss) some new ideas with them for the transportation and delivery of our products. |
TB: | Mm, it sounds like a very busy day. |
MR: | Ohm that/s only part of it. I (have) two meetings: one with Union representatives and one with departmental heads. And I (also work) on a proposal for a new marketing strategy. |
TB: | And it’s not two o’clock yet! |
MR: | No, but of course I (be) here since seven o’clock this morning. |
TB: | Gosh. And I hope you don’t mind my mentioning this Mrs. Rodwell, but some rumours (circulate) about your possible engagement to Mr. Mr. Manning, the banker. |
MR: | No, there will be no engagement, though it’s true that Mr. Manning and I (see) each other. That’s no secret. |
TB: | When you get the time, I suppose. And is it also true that you (learn) Russian with a view to introducing your products there? |
MR: | Yes, I have, but I (not learn) much yet, there’s still a long way for me to go. |
Exercise 44
Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
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