Сборник грамматических упражнений (стр. 5 )

1. You look hot. What have you been doing (you/do)? - I (run). - Running in this heat? How far (you/run)? - About ten miles.

2. What’s the problem? You look a bit preoccupied. - Yes, I (think) about Helen. - Why? Is there something wrong with her? - Well, she (act) so strangely lately. - In what way? - Well, some days when she arrives at work, I know that she (cry). And she (make) private calls when we’re all out at lunch. I just think that something’s going on. -...(you/talk) to her about it yet? - Yes, a few times, and each time she (say) that there’s nothing wrong but I’m not so sure.

3. Where (you/be), Simon? - I (talk) to Mark on the phone. He says he (try) to phone us all day. - Well, I (be) in most of the day but I (not hear) the phone. - That’s strange. But anyway, he (have) a phone call from Jackie’s mother and Jackie (be) in some kind of accident. It’s nothing very serious but she’s got to stay in hospital overnight. - Oh dear. ...(she/break) any bones? - I’m not quite sure how badly she (be hurt), but I think we should go and see her tonight.

Exercise 45

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.

1. Peter: You (telephone) for ages. You not nearly (finish)?

Jack: I (not get) through yet. I (try) to get out Paris office but the line (be) engaged all morning.

2. Ann (fail) her driving test three times because she’s so bad at reversing. But she (practice) reversing for the last week and I think she (get) a bit better at it.

3. Tom: I often (wonder) why Bill left the country so suddenly.

Peter: Actually, I just (find) out.

4. He (play) the bagpipes since six o’clock this morning. He only just (stop).

5. Tom (looking up absent-mindedly as Mary comes in): You (sunbathe)?

Mary (crossly): Don’t be ridiculous! It (rain) all day!

6. A pair of robins (build) a nest in the porch since last week. I (Watch them from my window since they began.

7. Someone (use) my umbrella! It’s all wet! And it was wet yesterday and the day before! -Well, it wasn’t me. I (not be) out of the house for a week.

8. The police (not find) the murderer yet, but the dead man’s brother (be) in the station all day. The police say that he (help) them with their enquiries.

9. They (pull) down most of the houses in this street, but they (not touch) the old shop at the corner yet.

10. Tom is convinced that there is gold in these hills but we *search) for six months and (not see) any sign of it.

11. I (wait) for the prices of the houses to come down before buying a house, but I think I (wait) too long and the prices are beginning to go up again.

12. Peter (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he (look) for a better post but so far he (not find) anything.

13. I (do) housework all morning and I (not finish) yet. - I (do) mine already. I always start at 6 a. m.

14. I just (pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I (grow) strawberries for years but I never (have) such a good crop before.

15. What you (do) with the corkscrew? The point is broken off. - I’m afraid I (use) it to make holes in this tin.

16. She just (sell) two of her own paintings. - She’s lucky. I (paint) for five years and I (not sell) a single picture yet.

17. They are throwing crockery at each other in the next flat. - This (happen) before? - Well, they (have) a good many rows but this ios the first time they (throw) crockery.

18. What you (do) with my typewriter? I can’t find it anywhere. - Tom just (go) off with it. He says he’ll bring it back when he (finish).

19. He works for Crow Brothers for forty years and never once (be) late. The firm just (present) him with a gold watch as a sign of their appreciation.

20. We (mend) sheets all morning but we only (do) three, and now the sewing machine (break) down so we’ll be even slower with the next one.

21. George (collect) matchboxes aver since he left school. Now he (collect) so many that e doesn’t know where to put them.

22. I (look) through my old photograph album. It’s full of photographs of people whose names I completely (forget). I wonder what (happen) to them all.

23. It was lovely at eleven o’clock, but since then the sky (get) steadily darker and the wind (rise). I’m afraid the fine spell (come) to an end.

24. Since he became Mayor, my brother reckons that he (eat) 30 official lunches and 22 official dinners, and he (lose) count of the number of receptions and parties that he (attend).-He (put) on a lot of weight?

25. Secretary: Customers (ring) up all morning complaining about getting incorrect bills.

Manager: I know; something (go) wrong with our computer. The mechanic (work) on it. I hope he (find) out what is wrong.

Exercise 46

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, present perfect or the present perfect progressive.

Andrew and Michael, two friends, are talking.

A:	Hello, I haven’t seen (not see) you for ages.
M:	No, it must be about two years since we last (meet). What (you/do) with yourself?
A:	I (do) all sorts of things. Life (be) very busy lately. I (start) a new job at the sailing centre.
M:	Really? Doing what?
A:	I (teach) beginners’ courses to school groups this term but when those (finish), I’ll be teaching more advanced groups on holiday courses.
M:	That sounds great. What about your old job at the tourist office then?
A:	Well, I (work) there for ten years and I quite (enjoy) the job but I (want) to do something different. I (always/enjoy) sailing in my spare time so I (think) it would be nice to do it for a job.
M:	So how long (you/be) at the sailing centre?
A:	For about two months now. I’m sure I (do) the right thing. It’s a really enjoyable job. And what about you?
M:	Well, I’m still at the Rembrandt Hotel. I (work) there for fifteen years now. But I (have) a promotion, so that’s good. They (give) me the job of head receptionist.
A:	Oh, that’s good news.
M:	Yes, it (make) me feel much better about work. I mean, I (do) a lot of different jobs at the hotel but I (never have) a job with this much responsibility before. I (work) on the reception desk for four years when I (start) at the hotel - that was before they (move) me into the office - but I (be) only a junior receptionist then so I just (do) what I (be told) to do.
A:	So when (you/get) the new job?
M:	A month ago, after (pass) my intermediate exams in Spanish and German at the college. Did you know I (do) language evening classes at the college for a while now?
A:	No, I didn’t realise.
M:	Yes, I (decide) that I (cannot get) any further at work without learning some languages.
A:	And so you did! What a good idea.

Section VI. Past Perfect Progressive

Chart 16. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

	i) The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him. j) The patient had been waiting in the emergency room for almost an hour before a doctor finally treated her. k) He finally came at six o’clock. I had been waiting for him since four-thirty	The past perfect progressive emphasises the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time in the past.
	l) When Judy got home, her hair was still wet because she had been swimming. m) Her eyes were red because she had been crying.	This tense also may express an activity in progress recent to another time or activity in the past.

Exercise 47

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

He (place)a picture on the easel and (let) me look at it for a minute or two; then he (take) it down and (put) another in its place. He (show) me about thirty canvases. It (be) the result of the six years during which he (paint).He never (sell) a picture. The canvases (be) of different sizes. The smaller (be) pictures of still-life and the largest (be) the landscapes. There (be) about half a dozen portraits.

Exercise 48

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

1. She (take) the package from me and (sit) down on the floor to open it. His eyes (smile) now. She (lift) out the doll and (look) at me. «It’s very pretty,» she (say).

2. There (be) only one sound to be heard in the street, but no sooner Mr. Manning (hear) it than he (quicken) his pace at once.

3. She (turn) the light back on, (lie) on the sofa and (take) up the book she (read).

4. For a moment after the door (close) softly behind their son, Mr. Tarantino and Mrs. Tarantino merely (stand) and (look) at each other.

5 He (let) the edge of the blind fall and, stepping down from the bench on which he (stand) (walk) out of the room.

6. We (sit) around silently for a moment, each trying to think of some possibility we (overlook).

7. His secretary (take) the paper from the table where he (put) it, and (go) out.

8. It (be) near midnight when they (come) in from dinner, still laughing at something he (say) in the dining-room.

9. There (be) a silence. Andrew (sit) still for a moment. The situation (be) worse even that he (imagine).

10. Lester (sit) down in his easy-chair by the window after his brother (go) and (gaze) ruminantly out over the flourishing city.

11. She (get) to her feet, (slip) into her coat, and (go) to the door, when she (open) it, she (look) back at her mother.

12. Irene (stand) by the piano, she (take) off her hat and a lace scarf she (wear), so that her gold-coloured hair (be) visible.

13. We (shake) hands. I (feel) so shy that I could think of nothing to say, but Mrs. Manning (come) to my rescue. She (ask) me what I (do) with myself during the summer, and with this help I (manage) to make some conversation.

14. It (be) two o’clock. Eliza (be) suddenly thoroughly awake. She (sit) up in her bed and (circle) her knees with her arms. It (rain), the way it (rain) for days.

15. When Fleur and her father (go) up, Michael (light) a cigarette and (pass) back into the «parlour». He (sit) down at the clavicord.

16. John (be) happier than he (be) since he (land) in the New World three and a half years ago.

17. At this moment the curtain (go) up again. Since Laurie Anderson (not appear), Soames (be) obliged to keep awake.

18. When he (reach) Andrew, whom he (see) half way down the street, he (give) a theatrical start of recognition.

19. Sue (look) at me with those pleasant eyes of hers, which (be) as sympathetic as they (be) more than twenty years before.

20. They (gallop) back along the track. The sun (go) down even faster than he (think), the air (grow) cold, the light grey.

21. In his turn Jolyon (look) back at his son. He (want) to talk about many things that he (be) unable to talk about all these years.

22. The teacher (rise) from her seat and (go) among the children, helping them with gentle words and telling them the mistakes they (make).

23. They (drink) hot coffee from the thermos Sandy (bring).

24. She (be) at the station after all, standing just as he (imagine), apart from the others.

25. When she (finish) her simple tale, for she hardly (be) away from home, there (be) silence, till John (say): «It’s half past seven only.»

26. He just (finish) his work and with a mild sense of achievement (write) the label when the surgery bell (ring), the outer door (swing) open, and a short, powerfully thickest red-faced man of thirty (stroll) in, followed by a dog.

27. That evening Denny (arrive) as he (promise), for supper. He (bring) a message from Hope, who (ring) him from Cambridge, to say that he (be) unable to get to London that evening.

Exercise 49

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple and past perfect progressive.

1. Jack (clench) the pencil he (use).

2. He (know) from the redness of her eyes, there (be) times she (cry).

3. Turning away, Gwen (move) to close the cupboard Demerest (look) into.

4. Through the open window he could see the chair where Eliza (sit) the previous night.

5. He (look) up again after Mr. Oakroyd (stand) there a minute of two.

6. He (sit) down opposite her and (lift) the large glass of tomato juice out of the ice in which it (rest).

7. So he (listen) graciously when Mrs. Manning (venture) to put the question which (revolve) in her mind all the afternoon.

8. Carefully she (close) the magazine, turning down the corner of the page that she (read).

Exercise 50

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive and past perfect progressive.

1. That evening, that Monday evening, I (get) a phone call when I (eat) dinner at the club.

2. My sister’s birthday (be) the only thing anybody (talk) at home for the last two weeks.

3. I (go) back to the hotel and up to my room, where I (expect) my parents at six-thirty.

4. Presently he (turn) to greet her, who (stand) at his elbow.

5. Scarlett, who (fan) herself with a turkey-tail fan, (stop) abruptly.

6. He just (leave) for the airport when Dip (call).

7. What are you thinking of? - he (ask) after he (look) at me for a few seconds.

8. At nine in the morning she (stand) on the steps in front of the hotel, shivering in a linen dress.

9. He (not say) where he (sleep) and (have) the appearance of not having slept at all.

Exercise 51

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

1. He (leave) a message that he (call).

2. A young man who (stand) on the pavement (come) forward.

3. She (meet) her daughter’s eyes, but (seem) not to hear what she (say).

4. A young man at whose feet she (sit), (rise) and (stand) before Michael.

5. He again (come) to the village where he (live) in childhood.

6. They (be) silent a moment. She (wait) for him to speak.

7. James (return) to the book he (read) when his parents (enter).

8. The town (be) not large, but he (not be) sorry he (come) here.

9. Michael (go) back into the drawing-room. Fleur (stand) near the window.

10. I (try) to remember what I (do) during that time.

11. When their visitor (leave) John and his mother (stand) without speaking.

12. When he (dress) he (go) downstairs, (write) a long letter to his parents and another to his sister.

13. «You are welcome,» she (say) and (walk) back to where she (sit) with her little son.

14. When he (come) home, he (see) that something (happen) to his daughter.

15. While he (read) this notice a middle-aged woman (appear) in the doorway.

16. She (sit) at the table only five minutes when a car (come).

17. Their father (be) still silent, even when they (have) coffee.

18. Eighteen years (go) since he first (go) into this house.

19. John (wait) until Eliza and her brothers (go).

20. The three (sit) down to the meal that Susan (prepare).

21. I (not be) here ten minutes before they (come) in.

Exercise 52

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past perfect progressive.

1. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut.

2. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9:30.

3. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall.

4. He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house.

5. All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to.

6. At 8:30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.

7. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door.

8. When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be).

9. He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket.

10. Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket as well.

11. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining.

12. I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) any fog since the previous February.

13. If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time.

14. However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Avenue.

15. He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.

16. When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in during her absence, because the front door (be) open and everything in the flat (be) upside down.

17. The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only just (leave) because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table.

18. Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) down the fire escape.

19. They (help) themselves to her whisky too but there (be) a little left, so she (pour) herself out a drink.

20. She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had.

21. The jewellery (be given) her by her husband, who (die) some years before.

22. Since his death she (not have) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it.

23. Now it (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands, and certainly the insurance money would come in handy.

24. I (put) the $5 note into one of my books, but next day it (take) me ages to find it because I (forget) which book I (put) it into.

25. A woman (come) in with a baby, who she (say) just (swallow) a safety pin.

26. I (think) my train (leave) at 14:33, and (be) very disappointed when I (arrive) at 14:30 and (learn) that it just (leave).

27. I (find) later that I (use) an out-of-date timetable.

28. He (park) his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come) out of the shop ten minutes later his car (be) no longer there.

29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away.

30. It (be) now 6 p. m.; and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day.

31. He (be) also hungry because he (have) nothing to eat since breakfast.

32. His wife usually (bring) him sandwiches at lunch time, but today for some reason she (not come).

33. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before.

34. I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (see) a man standing on the opposite pavement watching the house.

35. When I (get up) the following morning he (be) still there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or of he (go) away and (come) back.

Section VII. Future Forms

Future with will

This is also referred to as the future simple or simple future tense.

will (‘ll) + bare infinitive: I will (I'll) go, etc. Short form of will not: won't

USE

·  To make a statement of fact or a prediction about the future: Mary will be here tomorrow. Tonight's programme will be very interesting.

·  To make formal announcements of future plans and to present weather forecasts. It is therefore often used in newspapers and on the television and radio.

The new President will move into the White House tomorrow. Rain will continue throughout the day.

·  To express hopes, expectations, thoughts about the future. Used after verbs like: assume, believe, doubt, expect, hope, reckon, suppose, think an6 be sure/afraid and with adverbs like perhaps, possibly, probably, definitely.

I expect they'll be here soon.

Do you think she'll bring her boyfriend with her?

·  In sentences containing clauses of condition or time: //" / get that job, I'll go out and celebrate. I'll phone you when I get there.

·  To express an intention when the decision is made at the time of speaking.

a: There isn't any milk left. a: Oh, isn't there? I'll get some in town. I'm going there later on.

·  To express the idea of willingness:

I’ll do it for you, I promise, (promise)

Will you open the window, please? (request)

I’ll look after the children for you. (offer)

He won't come with me. (refusal)

Yes. I’ll come with you. (agreement)

I’ll definitely tell him the truth this time. (determination)

Stop that or I’ll call the police. (threat).

·  To make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice. instructions.

Use Shall I/we. in the Question form.

Shall I help you with that? (offer)

Shall we invite them round for dinner? (suggestion)

What shall I do?

Shall we come round after dinner?

Note The use of shall

·  In spoken English. shall is most often used in the question form with I or we to make offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice, instructions.

Shall I come with you?

What shall we do tomorrow?

·  Shall is occasionally used to express strong determination about oneself or someone else.

I shall go anyway.

I don't care what you think.

I shan't let him bello me.

You shall have whatever you want.

·  Shall can be used in the same way as will in the first person but will is more common.

In spoken English, the contraction ‘ll is the most common. Shall is used more frequently in formal written English than in informal written or spoken English.

We shall make every effort to answer your enquiry as soon as possible.

I shall be at the airport to meet you in person.

Exercise 53

Complete the following sentences with will/’ll or shall/’ll and a verb from the box.

Offer make tell have buy drop wash announce receive be sentenced phone carry be invite go

1. I'm sorry about losing that book. I’ll buy you another one next week.

2. I one of those cases for you.

3. The temperature .. significantly during the afternoon.

4. .. you .. me when you get the news? You've got my number, haven't you?

5. The Chancellor .. the details of the budget at 10 o'clock tomorrow.

6. ..we.. her the truth about what happened?

7. I expect they .. here soon.

8. You .. your exam results by post during the first few days of August.

9. I.. not .. them here again, whatever you say.

10. If he is found guilty, he .. to life imprisonment.

11. I.. never .. the same mistake again.

12. ..we.. for a swim this afternoon?

13. They definitely .. not .. me the job: I had a terrible interview.

I .. these plates?

15. I'm determined that he everything he wants.

Exercise 54

Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple. Watch the use of the future simple tense.

1. I (know) the result in a week.

2. You (be) in Rome tonight.

3. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? 4.

Do you think that he (recognise) me?

5. I hope I (find) it.

6. I (remember) this day all my life.

7. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch.

8. I am sure that you (like) our new house.

9. I hope he (remember) to buy bread.

10. I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year.

11. Jack (be) twenty years old next week.

12. I (get) up early tomorrow.

13. The mother (take) her baby to the doctor tomorrow.

14. We (have) a holiday next week.

15. Mary and her sister (wear) their new dresses tomorrow.

16. I (do) my homework this evening.

17. She (stay) at home tomorrow.

18. I (see) my mother this evening.

19. Where the children (go) in the summer holiday? — They (go) to the seaside.

20. They (stay) with us next Christmas.

Chart 17. Will Versus Be Going to

To express a PREDICTION - either WILL or BE GOING TO is used:
a) According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow. b) According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow. c) Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself! d) Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself!	When the speaker is making a prediction (a statement about something s/he thinks will be true or will occur in the future,), either will or be going to is possible. There is no difference in meaning between (a) and (b). There is no difference in meaning between (c ) and (d).
To express a PRIOR PLAN - only BE GOING TO is used:
e) A: Why did you buy this paint? B: I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. f) I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He is going to buy a car. That’s what he told me.	When the speaker is expressing a prior plan (something the speaker intends to do in the future because in the past s/he has made a plan or decision to do it), only be going to is used.* In (f): The speaker knows Bob’s intention to buy a car. Bob made the decision in the past and he intends to act on this decision in the future. Will is not appropriate in (e) and (f).
To express WILLINGNESS - only WILL is used:
g) A: The phone’s ringing. B: I’ll get it h) A: I don’t understand this problem. B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll help you.	In (g): B. is saying: «I am willing, I am happy to get the phone.» He is not making a prediction. He has made no prior plan to answer the phone. He is, instead, volunteering to answer the phone and uses will to show his willingness. In (h): B. feels sure about the teacher’s willingness to help. Be going to is not appropriate in (g) and (h).

*COMPARE:

Situation 1: A: Are you busy this evening?

B: Yes. I’m going to meet Jack at the library at seven We’re going to study together.

In situation 1, only be going to is possible. The speaker has a prior plan, so he uses be going to.