15.If Jack (not help) will have to manage without him.
Exercise 70
1. I (do) this every night before I (go) to bed. 2. If you (read) in bad light you (ruin) your eyes. 3. If he (not start) at once he (be) late for the train. 4. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? 5. I (remember) this summer all my life. 6. If you (see) him tell him to ring me up. 7. In any case, I (be) here tomorrow. 8. I (wait) him till he (come). 9. If you (not change) your wet clothes you (get) pneumonia. 10. Leon, drive through the park till I (tell) you to stop. 11. We (get) back before tomorrow night. 12. Let him remember that too when he (grow) up. 13. If you (come) late the teacher (not let) you in. 14. Unless you (work) very hard you (not be) successful. 15. I (not be ready) yet but I (be) in a couple of minutes. 16. I (come) to see you tomorrow unless I (be kept) late at the office. 17. Be patient: we (have) to wait rather a long time. 18. If it (rain) this afternoon, I (take) my umbrella. 19. I (return) next week if you (wait) me to. 20. What I (do) if the train (be) late? 21. I (catch) a cold if I (stay) out any longer. 22. I (be) sorry if they (not come). 23. I (do) it if I can. 24. I can’t do anything unless I (feel) very warm. 25. If we (want) opinions from you we (ask) them. 26. Wire the time of your arrival. I (send) a car to meet you at the airport. And I (book) a reservation for you at a hotel. 27. «When you (get) home?» «I (not know)». 28. Young Tony, I am going to give you some good advice, and if you have got any sense you (take) it.
Present Simple for a Timetable & Asking for Instructions
Exercise 71
This is today’s programme for a group on a package tour of England. Describe their day. Use these verbs: arrive, do, have, leave, take.
E. g.: 9:30 a. m. bus to Stratford. At half past 9 they take a bus to Stratford.
1. 12:30 p. m.. Arrival in Stratford.
2. 1:00 p. m.. Lunch.
3. 2:00 p. m. Tour of the town.
4. 5:30 p. m. Departure.
Exercise 72
Choose the best tense.
1. When (does/will) school start?
2. The plane (arrives/will arrive) at 10:00.
3. I (write/will write) soon.
4. We (go/are going) to Spain some time soon.
5. You (go/will go) next door for the tickets.
6. I (stop/will stop) smoking after Christmas.
7. How (do/will) I switch this on?
8. The exams (are/will be) in June.
9. I (have/will have) a lecture at 9:00 tomorrow.
10. The train (won’t/doesn’t) stop at Oxford.
11. I (come/will come) round after 7:00.
12. Where (do/will) I go for my interview?
13. I (play/am playing) football tomorrow.
14. What time (does/will) the concert end?
15. I (post/will post) you letters.
Exercise 73
Where possible, put the verbs in brackets in the present simple. Where this is not possible, use the simple future.
A teacher is giving some students the details of a forthcoming trip:
The coach leaves (leave) here at 9:00 a. m., and we (arrive) at the field study centre before lunch. When we (get) there, you (be shown) to your rooms and (be given) time to unpack. Lunch (be served) in the dining-room at 12:30 precisely so make sure you (not get) there late. When lunch (finish), it (be) time to get ready for our first activity: a walk down to the beach to look at the rock s, magnifying glasses and containers (be provided) by the centre. If the weather (be) fine, we (stay) on the beach for the whole of the afternoon. Otherwise, we (go back) to the centre after an hour or two and watch a video on seashore life. You (be expected) to keep a written record of everything that you (find) and we (look) at all the records when we (get back) to school at the end of the week. Mr. Neil Fitzpatrick, the field study supervisor, is very knowledgeable and I’m sure that he (help) you to identify anything that you (not recognise). Supper (be served) at 6:00, and at 8:00 there (be) an evening activity. On the first night, Mr. Fitzpatrick (plan) to go on a moonlit walk with us to look for bats. It is important that you (stay) together on this walk. Please don’t wander off. It (not be) easy for us to find you if you (get lost) in the dark. Behave sensibly and I’m sure you (all have) a wonderful time.
Exercise 74
Put the verb into the most suitable form, the present progressive or the present simple.
1. We (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?
2. I (not go) away for my holiday next month because I haven’t got enough money. You (go) away?
3. The concert this evening (start) at 7:30.
4. George, is it true that you (get) married next week?
5. The art exhibition (open) on 3 May and (finish) on 15 July.
6. What time the next train (leave)?
7. Ann, we (go) to town. You (come) with us?
8. We (go) to the theatre this evening,.
9. The film (begin) at 3:30 or 4:30?
Future Perfect Simple and Progressive
To talk about the past from a point in the future. It is the equivalent of the present perfect with the reference point .in the future. The present perfect looks back from now: the future perfect looks back from the future.
Future perfect simple: will have + past participle: I’ll have finished, etc. Future perfect progressive: will have been + present participle: I'll have been working, etc. |
Chart 19. FUTURE PERFECT
| a) I will graduate in June. I will see you in the next time I see you, I will have graduated. b) I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight. | The future perfect expresses an activity that will be competed before another time or event in the future. (Notice in the examples: by the time introduces a time clause; the simple present is used in a time clause.) |
Chart 20. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
c) I will go to bed at ten p. m. He will get home at midnight. At midnight I will be sleeping. I will have been sleeping for two hours by the time he gets home. | The future perfect progressive emphasises the duration of an activity that will be in progress before another time or event in the future. |
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| d) When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have taught for 45 years. e) When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have been teaching for 45 years. | Sometimes the future perfect and the future perfect progressive give the same meaning, as in (d) and (e). Also, notice that the activity expressed by either of these two tenses may begin in the past. |
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f) They might be tired when you see them because they’ll have been working hard | We use the future perfect progressive to describe an activity leading up to a time in the future. |
Exercise 75
Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense. Watch the use of the future perfect tense.
1. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exams.
2. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.
the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years.
4. I’ll still be here next summer but Tom (leave).
5. I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.
next winter they (build) four houses in that field.
the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures.
the end of the term I (read) all the books on the list.
9. I'm going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches.— You’ll be too the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go) home.
the end of the month 5,000 people (see) this exhibition.
11. After this performance I (see) "Hamlet" twenty-two times.
12. Tourist: We've only got five hours in Rome, we are leaving at six; but I'm sure that we (see) everything of importance by then.
13. Householder to Zoo: One of your elephants is in my garden eating my tomatoes.
Zoo official: The elephant keeper will be with you in half an hour.
Householder Your elephant (eat) all my tomatoes by then.
half past seven we (have) supper.
the end of the year I (read) three of Shakespeare's plays.
16. He (finish) the building of the house before summer.
17. I hope you (not forget) all about the Future Perfect Tense by the next lesson.
Exercise 76
Put the verbs in bracket into the future perfect tense.
1. By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections.
2. When we reach Valparaiso we (sail) all round the world.
3. At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one.
4. By this time next year I (save) $250.
5. By the time we get to the party everything (be) eaten.
6. The train (leave) before we reach the station.
7. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month.
8. By the end of this week my illness (cost) me $100.
9. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) $25,000 on his education.
10.By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes.
11.When you come back I (finish) all the housework.
12.The police (hear) of the theft by this time.
13.We (drink) all this wine by the end of the year.
14.On the fourth of next month he (be) in prison for ten years.
15.When we reach Crewe we (do) half of the journey.
16.At this rate you (break) all the wine glasses by the end of the month.
17.If we don’t hurry the sun (rise) before we reach the top.
18.By midnight he (be) unconscious for forty-eight hours.
19.By next April I (pay) $3,000 in income tax.
20.I suppose that when I come back in ten years’ time all these old houses (be) pulled down.
21.On 21 October they (be) married for twenty-five years.
22.The strike leader said, «By midnight 500 men (come) out on strike.»
23.At your present rate you (burn) al that coal by the end of the month.
24.The treasurer said, «By the end of the year all our debts (be paid) off».
25.By this time in June the students (pass) all the exams.
Exercise 77
Oswald is at art school. He wants to be a successful artist. He is reading about the famous Richard Plummer.
Richard Plummer was a great artist. He won lots of prizes before he was the age of twenty-five he had had his own exhibition. He had been the subject of a TV programme before he was the age of thirty-five he had become world famous. He made millions of pounds from his pictures before he was forty.
What does Oswald think?
E. g. I hope I will have won lots of prizes when I’m twenty.
1. I hope _____ my own exhibition by the age of twenty-five.
2. I hope _____ before I’m thirty.
3. I hope _____ by the age of thirty-five.
4. I hope _____.
Exercise 78
Use the future perfect to put the beginnings and ends together.
BEGINNINGS | ENDS |
I (not finish) the report by Monday, In a couple of years the children (leave) home On our next wedding anniversary When I get home tonight When I write | and we’ll be able to get a smaller house. and it’s needed for Monday morning. I (drive) for 14 hours non-stop. I (work) for forty years We (be) married for 25 years. |
Exercise79
A romantic novelist writes 300 pages books. She writes 10 pages a day and takes no holidays. Use the future perfect to answer the questions.
1. How many pages will she have written after ten days? After a month? After a year? After ten years?
2. If she starts today, how soon will she have finished her first book? How many books will she have written a year from now?
3. How long will she have been writing when she has written 120 books?
4. She earns £ 100,000. How much money will she have made altogether after her 120th book?
Exercise 80
How long will you have been learning English/working/going to school/living in your present house by next summer? (Write sentences with the future perfect progressive.) If you can work with other students, ask them the same questions.
Exercise 81
Write the verbs below in the future perfect simple or progressive. If two answers are possible, write the answer which you think is best for the sentence:
1. They’ll probably be hungry because they (not eat)
They’ll probably be hungry because they won’t have eaten.
2. I’ll be tired tonight because I (work) all day.
3. I (meet) the entire committee by the time I leave England.
4. I (study) for seven years when I get my degree.
5. We (live) here for six months by the time they find us a new flat.
6. I (work) for forty-five years by 2005.
7. They (stand) in the for the six hours by the time we pick them up.
8. Another million people (become) unemployed by this time next year.
9. She (be) Prime Minister for ten years by next year.
10.They (play) for five hours by eight o’clock.
11.We (drive) for two days by the time we get there.
12.They (not eat) for twenty0four hours by twelve o’clock tomorrow.
13.When they’ve talked to me, the police (question) everybody in the office.
14.She (be) a member of the committee for twenty-five years by the time she retires.
Exercise 82
Use any appropriate tense.
1. Ann and Andy got married on June 1st. Today is the 14th Ann and Andy (be) married for two June 7th, they (be) married for one June 28th, they (be) married for four weeks.
2. This traffic is terrible. We’re going to be the time we (get) to the airport, Bob’s plane (arrive, already), and he’ll be wondering where we are.
3. The traffic was very the time we (get) t the airport, Bob’s plane (arrive, already).
4. This morning I came to class at 9;oo. Right now it is 10:00, and I am still in class. I (sit) at this desk for an 9:30, I (sit) here for two hours.
5. I‘m getting tired of sitting in the car. Do you realize that by the time we arrive in Phoenix, we (drive) for twenty straight hours?
6. Margaret was born in the year 2000, she (live) on this earth for 50 years.
7. Go ahead and leave on your vocation. Don’t worry about this the time you (get) back, we (take) care of everything.
8. I don’t understand how those marathon runners do it! The race began over an hour the time they reach the finish line, they (run) steadily for more than two hours. I don’t think I can run more than two minutes.
9. What? He got married again? At this rate, he (have) a dozen wives by the time he (die).
10.We have been married for a long our next anniversary, we (be) married for 43 years.
The Use of Present Perfect Simple in Adverbial Clauses of Time and Condition with the Meaning of the Future.
The future perfect tense is not used in time clauses and conditionals, the present perfect being used instead.
Exercise 83
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. When we (take) our exam we’ll have a holiday.
2. When we have our injections I expect we’ll feel awful.
3. When I (be) here for a year I’ll ask for a rise.
4. Don’t drive at more than 50 k. p.h. till your car (do) 4,000 km.
5. When you (do) 4,000 km. you can drive it at 70 k. p.h.
6. When we (have) lunch we’ll go for a walk.
7. When we (see) the cathedral we’ll go to the museum.
8. These gates will remain until the train (pass).
9. When he (sell) all his newspapers he’ll go home.
10.We can’t have a fire here unless we (sweep) the chimney.
11.I can’t leave the country till the police (return) my passport.
12.If a bottle of champagne (be) opened for twenty four hours the wine is not fit to drink.
13.Hotel receptionist: If you (sign) the hotel register the porter will show you your room.
14.When everybody (leave) the park the park-keeper will lock the gates.
15.You can become a member of this club if you (make) a parachute descent.
REVIEW OF THE FUTURE.
Exercise 84
Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple, future simple, future perfect simple or future perfect progressive.
1. I think she will have heard (hear) all about it by the time I see (see) her.
2. I reckon I (finish) this book by the weekend and then I (give) it to you.
3. The children (be) hungry when they (get in) because they (run around) all afternoon.
4. This government (be) in power for eight years soon but I don't think they (win) the next election.
5. . (you/eat) when you .. (get) here? If not, 1.. (make) you something.
6. Don't phone them now. They (not get) home yet. They (probably get back) at about half-past eight.
7. I think they (finish) building the house by the time the winter (come) and then we (move in) in the New Year.
8. I expect they (be) tired when you (see) them because they (work) all day.
9 If I (come) and see the film with you on Saturday, I. (see) it six times. But it is my favourite film of all time: I think you (love)
10 Why don't you come round at 9 o'clock? The children .(go) to bed then so it...(be) nice and peaceful.
Exercise 85
Write the following sentences in the correct form (present progressive, present simple, going to, future simple, future progressive, future perfect simple, future perfect continuous).
1. - We have run out of milk
- Oh, have we? I (go) and get some.
2. - So you have bought a new house. - Congratulations!
- Thank you - we (have) a party when we (move in)
3. I’m afraid you can’t come to dinner on Saturday. I (meet) Tim.
4. Ronald (be) five next Tuesday.
5. It is raining, so we (have to) take an umbrella.
6. Next November we (be) married for fifteen years.
7. I (let) you know when Marry (phone).
8. Just think! This time next week we (lie) on the beach.
9. I (wait at the airport when your plane (lend).
10.In two weeks time she (finish) her exams.
11.- You (see) Brian at the meeting?
- No, he (be) on holiday next week.
12.We )go) when Jane (get) here.
13.At ten o’clock I (drive) for sixteen ours.
Exercise 86
Choose the correct verb form.
1. How is your flat? - Well, the rent is very expensive. I’ll move/I’m going to move to a new place. I decided last week.
2. I can cycle home.- Have you got lights? It’ll be/It’ll have been dark, don’t forget.
3. I’d like a photo of Adrian and me. - Well, I’ll take/I’m going to take one with your camera then.
4. Have you booked a holiday? - Yes, we go/we are going to Spain.
5. Look at that car! It will crash/it’s going to crash!
6. Can I borrow your bike on Monday, please? - Oh, I’m afraid I’ll be using/I’ll have used it.
Exercise 87
What do these people say. Pay special attention o the underlined words.
E. g.: Maria is predicting a win for Italy in their next match.
Maria: Italy will their next match.
1. Bob intends to get up early tomorrow.
2. Steve’s train time table says ‘Arrival 10:30’.
3. Louise has arranged to see her bank manager tomorrow.
4. Den will leave in the very near future.
5. Sarah’s next visit to her aunt is on Sunday, the day she usually visits her.
Exercise 88
Put the verb in brackets into the present simple, future simple and future progressive.
1. «We (come) at 5 o’clock.» «Good, I (wait) for you.» 2. When I (get) home, my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me. 3. It (be) the middle of June. They (come) soon. 4. If you (wait) to see us, come to Tom’s on Sunday. We (wait) for you at midday. 5. At this time next week they (sit) in the train on their way to Moscow. 6. They (have) English from nine to ten in this room. Don’t anyone disturb them then. 7. I (wait) for you when you (come). 8. «I (call) for her at eight.» «No, don’t; she still (have) breakfast then.» 9. It’s beginning to get dark; the street lights (go) on in a few minutes.
Exercise 89
Put the verb in brackets into the present simple, the future simple or future perfect.
1. I (suppose) when I (come) back in two years’ time they (pull) down all these old houses.
2. «Your face (be) dirty, Tom.» «All right, I (wash) it.»
3. «You have just missed the last train.» «Never mind, I (walk).»
4. When we (take) our exams we (have) a holiday.
5. «You (know) the way to the Bolshoi Theatre?» «No.» «Then I shoe you.»
6. By the time you (finish) cooking they (do) their work.
7. «May I use your phone to ring for a taxi?» «Oh, there is no need for that; my son (drive) you home.»
8. By the time he (come) they (go).
9. I still (be) here next summer but Tom (leave).
10.I hope it (stop) snowing by tomorrow morning.
11.If you (think) it over you (sere) I am right.
12.«I’m going to Hyde park to hear the people make speeches.» «You (be) the time you (get) there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go home).
Other Ways of Referring to the Future
As well as all the tenses we use to refer to the future, we can also use a range of verbs and expressions to show that we are talking about the future. These verbs and expressions are often more precise than a future tense and they are used widely, particularly in written English.
· BE TO (am/is/are/was/were + to-infinitive)
Used for formal plans, official arrangements, instructions and prohibitions:
The British Ambassador is to meet the President at the White House on Friday.
The factory is to close for three weeks for repairs.
She is to become the youngest Member of Parliament in our history.
You are to be there by 8 o’clock.
You are not to cross the road without me.
· BE DUE TO / ABOUT TO / ON THE POINT OF
be due + to-infinitive: used for arrangements that are to take place at a fixed time. Often used with time tables and official itineraries.
The plane’s due to arrive in half an hour.
Clare’s due to have her operation in three weeks’ time.
Be (just) about + to-infinitive: used to refer to something that will happen very soon, in the immediate future:
Don’t start talking to them now: they’re about to leave.
Be (just) on the point of + gerund or noun: used to refer to something in the very immediate future:
It is understood that the Chancellor is on the point of announcing his resignation.
· CERTAIN VERBS + TO-INFINITIVE
We can say: they are going to build a new shopping centre in town. We are going to leave.
We can also use a verb that refers to the future and say:
They plan intend are purposing hope have agreed have promised | to build a new shopping cetre in town. |
Note that intend and propose can also be followed by a gerund:
They intend/propose building a new shopping centre in town.
Exercise 90
Rewrite the sentences using be (not) to, due to, about to, on the point of, plan/ intend/propose/hope/agree/promise(not) to. You mat use the verb or expression more than once.
1. I’m sorry I can’t talk to you now. I’m going to work in a minute.
I’m sorry I can’t talk to you now. I’m about to go to work.
2. The Council have decided what they would like to do one day.
They are going to close the old swimming pool.
3. They are making plans now. They are going to have a big wedding in the summer.
4. The train will depart at 8:25.
5. You must not enter the building without signing your name in the register.
6. The Government have made a promise. They will not increase taxes during the next year.
7. The economy will collapse in the very near future; it will happen at any time now.
8. The Department of Social Security has made a proposal. It is probably going to cut unemployment benefit.
9. My grandfather is going to die soon.
10.I hope I will find a new job before the end of the year.
11.Do you promise that you won’t tell anyone about this.
12.What are the two leaders’ intentions? When are they going to meet?
13.They’re making plans. They’re going to move abroad.
14.You will arrive at the hotel at 7:30 in the evening.
Exercise 91
Write sentences about President Morton’s schedule.
E. g.: The President is to arrive at Star City at 8:00.
Schedule for Presidential visit to northland | |
08:00 09:00 11:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-16:00 16:00-20:00 20:00-23:00 | Arrive Star City Airport. Inspect guard of honour. Working breakfast with President Jensen. Tour of Star City; meet mayor and civic leaders. Lunch with Foreign Minister Svendsen and guests. Visit inner city schools; open new eye hospital. Meet business leaders; rest. Attend State Dinner as guest of President and Mrs. Jensen. |
Exercise 92
Supply the correct forms of the verb phrases in brackets.
1. You (to be to) take these new tablets four times a day.
2. They (not to be to) open the instructions until midnight.
3. You’ll have to hurry. The train (to be (just) about to) leave.
4. I can’t talk now. I (to be (just) about to) go out.
5. There is not much longer to wait. Their plane (to be due to) land in ten minutes.
6. Don’t be so impatient. She (not to be due to) arrive until teatime.
7. The conference delegates (to be to) meet again later today
Exercise 93
Complete the conversation. Look at the context and choose the best form of the verb to express the future. Sometimes more than one answer is correct.
A: Hello. Where are you going?
B: To my evening class. I’m learning Swedish. And I (speak) it for real this time next week. I (go) to Sweden for three weeks. I (leave) on Friday evening. I (visit) friends there.
A: Oh, that (be) nice.
B: Oh, it is nearly half past. My lesson (start) in a minute.
A: Well, have a good time. I (see) you next month.
B: Thanks. I (tell) you all about it when I (get) back.
Future In the Past
When we are talking about the past, we often want to say that something was still in the future at that time. To express this idea, we can use the past progressive (was...ing), was going to..., would... or was to.
Exercise 94
Put the beginnings and ends together.
Beginnings | Ends |
Carola and I hardly noticed each other that first evening, He was to regret that conversation I was going to ring you yesterday, She was leaving in two hours, So this was the school where I would spend the next five years | and she still hadn’t started packing. arrived one Friday morning. but I forgot. for many years to come. I didn’t like it Two weeks later we would be married. |
Exercise 95
These sentences are from C. S.Forester’s novel The General, set in the First World plete the sentences with expressions from the box.
would stand would make would return was going to be was going to say was marrying were to find were to lose |
1. The parlourmaid was in the room and her presence caused Lady Emily not to say immediately what she _____.
2. As the Duchess had said, the fact that Emily _______ a General was a very adequate excuse for so much ceremony at the wedding.
3. There was going to be no muddling in his Corps. Everything ____ exact, systematic, perfect.
4. This was the front line of the British trench system - in it many men _____ their lives for the barren honour of retaining that worthless ground.
5. There were six men bending over the map, and five of them _____ their graves at the point where the General’s finger was stabbing at the map.
6. A vivid flash of imagination, like lightning at might, revealed the future to Curzon. He _____ to England a defeated general, one of the men who had let England down. Emily _____ by him, but he did not want her to
have to do so. Emily whom he loved _____ it all the worse. He would rather die.
Exercise 96
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. She told him that she (help) him.
2. She said that she (be) all right in a minute.
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