Основы геофизики (стр. 29 )

Introduction ..............................................................................................	6
PART I ....................................................................................................	9
Chapter I. A STRUCTURE OF SOLAR SYSTEM................................	9
§1. Planets and laws of their rotations..............................................	9
§2. Orbital characteristics of planets.................................................	14
§3. Sun. The basic characteristics......................................................	19
§4. Movement of the Sun on ecliptic................................................	25
Chapter II. AN INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSICS OF THE EARTH.........................................................................	26
§1. Planetary characteristics..............................................................	26
§2. Model of Bullen..........................................................................	28
§3. Physical condition of substance of geospheres...........................	31
§4. Structure of the Earth’s atmosphere............................................	44
Chapter III. STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE SUBSTANCE OF GEOSPHERES....................................	49
§1. Origin and evolution of geospheres.............................................	49
§2. History of the planetary water.....................................................	57
§3. Contraction and tectogeneous of outer geospheres.....................	77
§4. Major tectonic consequences of contraction...............................	85
PART II ...................................................................................................	88
Chapter IV. A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD OF THE EARTH..............	88
§1. Law of world gravitation............................................................	88
§2. Figure of the Earth......................................................................	89
§3. Potential of force of weight........................................................	91
§4. Anomaly of force of weight........................................................	92
§5. Principles of isostasy...................................................................	98
§6. Gravitational interaction of system the Earth - the Moon...........	110
Chapter V. GRAVITATIONAL ANOMALIES OF REAL GEOLOGI­CAL ENVIRONMENTS...................................	121
§1. Physical principles of gravitational anomalies interpretation.......	121
§2. Gravitational field of dots’ material and globe...........................	124
§3. Gravitational field of a vertical rod.............................................	126
§4. Gravitational field of a gorizontal half-plane..............................	128
§5. Gravitational field of flat layer....................................................	129
§6. Reversional tasks of gravimetry..................................................	131
Chapter VI. MAGNETIC FIELD OF THE EARTH..............................	135
§1. Generation of a geomagnetic field..............................................	135
§2. Inversion of a geomagnetic field.................................................	140
§3. Chronology of inversion..............................................................	146
§4. Elements of earthly magnetism...................................................	154
§5. Magnetic anomalies.....................................................................	156
§6. Magnetic field dipole..................................................................	157
§7. Non dipole components of Earth’s magnetic field.......................	160
§8. Magnetic properties of the rocks.................................................	163
§9. Basic formulas of paleomagnetics reconstruction.......................	167
§10. Account of virtual poles for an our times..................................	172
§11. Critic of paleomagnetic reconstructions of the neomobilisme...	175
Chapter VII. MAGNETIC ANOMALIES OF REAL GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS............................................................	180
§1. Magnetic field of a vertical rod...................................................	182
§2. Magnetic field monopole and globe............................................	184
§3. Magnetic field of a vertical thin layer.........................................	185
§4. Magnetic field of a vertical thick layer........................................	187
§5. Magnetic field of horizontal cilindre...........................................	188
§6. Magnetic field ledge....................................................................	190
§7. Interpretation of magnetic anomalies..........................................	191
§8. Connection of gravitational and magnetic anomalies..................	197
§9. Transformation of potential fields...............................................	199
Chapter VIII. PRINCIPLES OF THE WAVES THEORY OF SEIS­MIC OSCILLATION PROPAGATION................	203
§1. Deformation and tanse in the rocks. The law of Huk.................	203
§2. Wave equation.............................................................................	207
§3. Acoustic pressure and oscillative velocity of the plane wave.....	210
§4. Acoustic pressure of oscillative velocity of spherical wave........	214
§5. Sound reflection by the ocean bottom........................................	216
§6. Sound reflection by the layer......................................................	221
§7. Distant-acoustical methods of the phisical properties determination and marine sediments, litology...........................	229
Chapter IX. Distribution OF WAVES IN EARTH CRUST.........	234
§1. Conditions of application of beam approximation......................	234
§2. Travel time of a reflected waves.................................................	235
§3. Travel time of a refracted waves.................................................	239
§4. Travel time of a transmission waves............................................	244
Chapter X. STRUCTURE EARTH’S CRUST ON GEOPHYSICAL DATA....................................................................................	252
§1. Petromagnetic structure of the basement of continents and oceans.........................................................................................	252
§2. Dense structure of crust by gravimetrical data............................	281
§3. Seismic structure of the continents and ocean crust....................	296
PART III .................................................................................................	318
Chapter XI. AN INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSICS OF PLA­NETS OF THE EARTH GROUP...........................................................	318
§1. Mercury.......................................................................................	318
§2. Venus...........................................................................................	322
§3. Moon...........................................................................................	328
§4. Mars.............................................................................................	335
Chapter XII. INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSICS OF PLA­NETS-GIANTS...........................................................	342
§1. Jove..............................................................................................	342
§2. Saturn..........................................................................................	346
§3. Uranium.......................................................................................	349
§4. Neptune.......................................................................................	352
Chapter XIII. ROLE OF MASSES IN PROTOSUBSTANCE EVOLU­TION..................................................................	356
§1. Planetary type of protosubstance evolution................................	356
§2. Star (solar) type of protosubstance evolution..............................	363
Chapter XIV. STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF STARS.............	369
§1. Physics of the Sun.......................................................................	369
§2. Herzsprunge-Rassel diagram.......................................................	378
§3. Evolution of the Sun and stars....................................................	383
Chapter XV. AN EARLY HISTORY OF SOLAR SYSTEM...............	394
§1. Structure of nebular cloud and interstellar medium....................	394
§2. Turbulent theory of formation of Solar system...........................	401
§3. Accretion of the Earth and planets..............................................	408
Chapter XVI. LANDSCAPE GEOSPHERE IN SPACE AND TIME..	413
§1. Planetary aspect of the evolution of landscape geosphere..........	413
§2. Problem of time and space in Metagalaxy...................................	421
THE CONCLUSION..............................................................................	434
THE LITERATURE .............................................................................	436

ДЛЯ ЗАМЕТОК

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Таблица I.1

Физические характеристики планет

Планета	Радиус орбиты, 109м	Масса, 1027 г	Плотность, г/см3	Экваториальный радиус, 106 м	Период вращения, земные сутки или часы	Наклон экватора к орбите, градусы	Период обращения, земные сутки
Меркурий	57,9	0,330	5,43	2,439	58,65 сут	2 ± 3	87,96935
Венера	108,2	4,870	5,25	6,051	243,022 (±0,06) сут	177,3	224,7
Земля	149,6	5,976	5,52	6,378	23,9345 ч	23,45	365,26
Марс	227,9	0,642	3,95	3,393	24,6299 ч	23,98	686,98
Юпитер	778,3	1900	6,84	71,398	9,841 ч	3,12	4333
Сатурн	1427,0	568,8	5,85	60,33	10,233 ч	26,73	10759
Уран	2869,6	86,87	5,55	26,20	17,24 ч	97,86	30685
Нептун	4496,6	102,0	5,60	25,23	(18,2 ± 0,4) ч	(29,56)	60189
Плутон	5900,1	(0,013)	(0,9)	(1,5)	6,387 сут	(118,5)	90465

Примечание. В скобках неточные данные.