Методические указания и контрольные задания по дисциплине (стр. 3 )

Причастия употребляются в предложении в следующих функциях:

1. Определения

a) Перед существительным:

Will you take away the broken cup? Уберите, пожалуйста, разбитую чашку.

Look at the sleeping child. Взгляните на спящего ребенка.

б) После существительного (в этом случае группа причастия эквивалентна русскому причастному обороту или придаточному определительному предложению):

The actor playing the part of Bernard Shaw is wonderful. Актер, играющий роль Бернарда Шоу, великолепен.

I wonder what Peter thinks of the problem being discussed now. Интересно, что думает Петр об обсуждаемой проблеме (о проблеме, которая обсуждается сейчас).

2. Обстоятельства

a) Времени:

Having finished the novel the writer asked his brother to read it. Закончив роман, писатель попросил брата почитать его.

б) Причины:

Having never seen John’s father I cannot tell you what kind of man he is. Поскольку я никогда не видел отца Джона, я не могу сказать, что он собой представляет как человек.

в) Образа действии или сопутствующих обстоятельств:

He went out of the room laughing. Он вышел из комнаты, смеясь.

Выполните следующие упражнения:

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастие I и II, определите функцию причастия в предложении:

1. The fine paid amounted to three hundred dollars.

2. All criminal trials in Britain are held before a judge and a jury consisting of twelve ordinary people.

3. The police investigating the case are looking for three men.

4. The police never found the money stolen in the robbery.

5. They promised to compensate for all the expenses incurred.

6. The document corrected cannot be accepted.

§11

1. The Infinitive

1.Forms of the infinitive.

	Active	Passive
Non-Continuous	Continuous	Non-Continuous	Continuous
Non - Perfect	переходные	To write	To be writing	To be written	-
непереходные	To come	To be coming	-	-
Perfect	переходные	To have written	To have been writing	To have been written	-
непереходные	To have come	To have been coming	-	-

2. Functions of the Infinitive in the Sentence

Подлежащее		Indeed to know him is to love him	Действительно, знать его значит любить его.
Часть сложного подлежащего	The delegation is expected to arrive tomorrow	Ожидают, что делегация прибудет завтра.
Составная часть сказуемого	Именная часть составного сказуемого	The most important thing is to read a lot	Самое важное – это много читать.
Часть составного глагольного сказуемого	They continued to discuss the matter.	Они продолжали обсуждать вопрос.
Часть сложного модального сказуемого	You mast say it now. He needn’t go three	Вы должны сказать об этом сейчас. Ему не нужно идти туда.
Дополнение		I invited Peter to come with us.	Я пригласил Петра поехать с нами.
Часть сложного дополнения	I’d like you to join us.	Мне хотелось бы, чтобы вы присоединились к нам.
Определение	He had a great wish to see his mother again.	Ему очень хотелось снова увидеть свою мать.
Обстоятельство	Цели	He went to the airport to meet a friend of his.	Он поехал в аэропорт, чтобы встретить своего друга.
Следствия	He was too tired to listen to her.	Он так устал, что не мог слушать её(Он был слишком усталым чтобы слушать её).

3. Underline the infinitives, write down what parts of sentences they are and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. His duty is to make sure that the place of work is safe. …(Part of the Predicate)…………………………………………………………………........................................

2. He could not refuse to fulfill demands of court…………………………………………………..

3. He has just finished to read the sentence…………………………………………………………

4. I expect him to be acquitted………………………………………………………………………

5. Please telephone him to send this message……………………………………………………….

6. I would like to see this again……………………………………………………………………...

7. This is the place to see…………………………………………………………………………….

Приложение.

Тексты для выполнения аудиторных контрольных работ и самостоятельной работы студентов.

Text №1

Me and My Plans for Future

Let me introduce myself. My full name is Elena Vasiljeva, but my friends normally call my first name Helen. I was born in Ufa, in the family of lawyers. I am not the only child in my family. I have got a sister. She is Kate. She is only 5 years old and she goes in the Kindergarden.

I am a part-time a student of the college of Statistics, Informatics and Computer Sciences. Our college is not far from my house and it takes me 10 minutes to get there. Our college train the specialists for many fields: economic, technical, legislation and others. I specialize in economics. The course I take includes: economics, informatics, accountancy, English and others. I also have some practical classes. Economics and English have always been my favorites. I have got two or three sessions in a year.

Besides my study in the college, I work in transport firm as an accountant. I’ve chosen this profession as my future occupation. My work is interesting and complicated. I have much work to do in the office. I make some calculations, fill up papers, type invoices. For me, choosing a career is not only matter of future prestige and wealth. In my opinion, a job must be interesting. But my knowledge is not sufficient for future job, that’s why my ambition is to finish the college and to enter the university as a part-time student.

My working day lasts from 9 up to 5 p. m. In the morning I usually get up as 7 o’clock, take a bath, have a light breakfast and leave home for work. It takes me 40 minutes to get my office. I have lunch at the office. Usually I have some salad, meat or fish and a cup of tea for my lunch. After lunch I help my manager to work with our customers.

In the evening I usually read books or magazines, watch TV or go to the cinema, meet with my friends. I prefer active rest, that’s why my friends and I try to spend our holidays making picnics, skating, skiing, going bowling and travelling. My favorite activity is reading looks and travelling. I try to visit another cities and countries, and make new friends.

Text №2

My College

part-time student - студент-заочник to contain - cодержать

to get - добираться library-библиотека

subject - предмет equipped-оборудованный

to train - обучать device - устройство

My name is … . I am a part-time student of the College of Statistics, Informatics and Computer Sciences. Last year I left school and passed my exams. I got good marks and became a student of the college. My college is not far from my house, it takes me 20 minutes to get there and I can easily get there by bus. Sometimes I go there by foot.

Our college occupies two buildings. It runs full-time, part-time and distance-learning departments. Last year more than 600 students finished the college and got diplomas of different specialities. We have two sessions in a year. During our sessions we have a lot of classes. Besides special subjects, we learn Russian, English, Informatics and others. Many high – qualified teachers train the students in the college.

Our lessons begin at 8 o’clock, usually we have 4 classes in a day. We have lunch break at 12. We have lunch at the college cafeteria. There is a gym on the first floor, there we have physical training lesson. There is a library and reading-hall in the college. It contains a lot of textbooks and fictions. There are more than 40 classrooms and labs in the college. The laboratories are equipped with modern computers and devices.

Our last session began in January and lasted for 3 weeks. We attended lectures and practice every days even on Sunday. I did well because I wanted to become a good specialist. I passed three exams successfully. Some of our students lived in the hostel. It is not far from the college and it took them 5 minutes to get the college. Our college is one of the most prestige colleges in the region. It prepares the specialists in the field of economy, computing and legislation.

Ответьте на вопросы:

What specialists does your college prepare?

When did you become the student?

What marks did you get on your exams?

Are there two or three departments in your college?

How many exams did you pass?

Text №3

London

huge – огромный residence – место жительства

bank – берег were buried – были похоронены

pavement – тротуар a tube (underground) - метро

sight – достопримечательность business trip – деловая поездка

London is the capital of Great Britain. It is a very old city. It is two thousand years old. London is not only the capital of the country, it is also a huge port. London is situated upon both banks of the Thames. There are 17 bridges above the river. The population of London is about 9 million people. London has got three parts: the City of London, the West End, the East End. The City of London is the oldest part of London. You can see narrow streets and pavements there. There are many offices, firms and banks in this part of London. The City of London is the financial centre of the United Kingdom.

The West End is the centre of London. There are many sights in the West End. They are, for example, the Houses of Parliament with Big Ban. Big Ben is the biggest clock bell in Britain. It weights 13.5 tons. The other interesting place is Westminster Abbey, which was founded in 1050. It is situated in the centre of London. Many great Englishmen were buried in the Abbey: Newton, Darvin and others. The official London residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. It was built in the 18th century. There are many nice squares in London. Trafalgar Square is one of them and it is in the centre of the West End. One can see a statue of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square.

There are many museums, libraries and galleries in London. The Tate Gallery is one of the well-known galleries in London. Henry Tate was a sugar manufacturer. He was fond of paintings and collected many pictures.

The British Museum is a very interesting place in London. It was founded in 1753. The library of this museum has a lot of books. You may visit the library of the museum where you can find a lot of books.

The East End of London is the district for the working people. There are many factories, workshops, docks there. There are many cars and buses in London. There is a tube (an underground) in London, too. It is a nice one. One can say that the City is the money of London, the West End is the goods of London, the East End is the hands of London.

Next year my sister will go to London for business trip. She must learn English hard because she will meet English businessmen and make a contract. I think she will visit many interesting places and this trip will be pleasant for her and for her business.

Text №4

Moscow

1.  government – правительство

2.  treasure – богатство

3.  church – церковь

4.  foreigner – иностранец

Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the biggest and most beautiful cities in the world. Moscow is a modern city now. The population of the city is about 9.5 million people. Moscow is a political centre, where the government of our country works. Moscow was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky. The total area of Moscow is about nine hundred square kilometers. One can say that Moscow is a port of five seas, as the Moscow – Volga Canal links Moscow with the Baltic, White, Caspian, and Black seas and the Sea of Azov.

Moscow is an industrial centre too. There are many factories and plants in it. One of the best known plants produces many lorries and the other ones produces cars.

Moscow is a cultural centre. There are lot of theatres, museums, institutes, libraries, and cinemas in Moscow.

The Bolshoi Theatre is one the famous theatres all over the world. If you are fond of painting you can go to the Tretykov Art Gallery or to the Pushkin Fine Arts Museum ans see a lot of interesting portraits and landscapes there. We say that the Tretykov Art Gallery is a treasure – house of Russian art. Next year we shall visit the Pushkin Museum and Tretykov Art Gallery because my little sister can draw people and animals. Young people like to visit the Central Military Museum. There are many tanks, guns and war documents there. One can see the Kremlin and Red Square in the city. There are many fine buildings, wide streets, green parks, large squares, churches and monuments in Moscow. We can say that no where you see such famous and beautiful monument of Great Russian poet Alexander Pushkin. In summer people will celebrate Pushkins Days. Visiting the capital a lot of foreigners from all over the world come to see this monuments. One of the highest buildings in Moscow is the State Moscow University. It was founded in 1755 by the great scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.

Transport… Moscow is a very big city and its transport must be comfortable and fast. One can see a lot of cars, buses, trolleybuses, trams, of the streets of our city. The Moscow metro is a beautiful and convenient one. People must buy a traveling card in Moscow Metro. If you want to traval you may use railway stations or airports. There are nine railway stations in Moscow and some airports around the city. There are many stadiums in Moscow. The Central Stadium is in Luzhniki. Many competitions and football matches are held there.

Text №5

Ufa is the city of youth and hope

1.  educational – образовательный

2.  to attend – посещать

3.  constructive – строительный

4.  qualified – квалифицированный

5.  to be considered – считаться

6.  distance – learning – дистанционное обучение

7.  part-time learning – заочное обучение

I live in Ufa. It is the capital of the republic of Bashkortostan. We may say that our city is the city of youth and hope because there are a lot of educational institutions in it. In Ufa there are 5 universities: the Bashkir State University, the Pedagogical Training University, the Agrarian State University. The Ufa State Aviation Technical University. The Ufa State Oil Technical University. More than 100.000 students attend their classes every day. About 15.000 will get their diploma next year and begin to work.

In Ufa there are a lot of colleges and technical schools: the Pedagogical Training College, the Constructive College, the College of Trade, the Economic College, the Oil college and many others. Students have a good opportunity to get a qualified diploma of an economists, a builder, a counter, a technician, a driver, a seller, a designer, a cooker and many others. Many young people from another cities, republics and countries learn in these educational institutions.

Ufa is considered as a city of young. Young people and teens have many things to do. Their favorite activities are science sport, music, dancing, cinema, reading, hiking, computer clubs, curs and many others.

I am a part-time student of the college of statistics, informatics and computer science. Technical department. I want to be a computer technician. I try to pass all exams well and to be high-qualified specialist in the field of computing and informatics.

Text №6

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

to situate – располагаться border – граница

to divide – делить conditions - условия

majority – большинство branch - отрасль

to wash – омывать to reduce - сокращать

lowlands – неизменность raw materials – сырье

to possess – обладать owing to – благодаря

iron ores – жел. руда plain – степь

private – частный service - услуга

public enterprise – государственное предприятие petroleum - нефтяной

productivity – производительность benefit – польза, выгода

competitiveness – конкурентоспособность tax - налог

GNP per capita – валовой нац-й продукт на душу населения revenue - доход

to include – включать trade - торговля

aircraft – самолетостроение in terms of – в рамках

Great Britain is Britain’s official nаmе the - Тhe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (or UK - for short). It is situated оп the British Isles. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are the parts of Great Britain. Administratively the UK is divided into 55 counties. The total territory is over 244 thousand square kilometers (the 75th place among other countries in the world). The population of the UK is over 57 mln. Great Britain is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The majority of the British population lives in cities and towns. Тhе country is washed bу the North and Irish Seas, the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel. North and West of the country are highlands, South and East - lowlands. Тhе highest mountain of the UK is Ben Nevis in Scotland. There are manу rivers in the country. Тhе longest and the most important of them are the Severn, .the Thames and the Clyde. The climate is mild due to the mountains, the Atlantic Осеan and the warm waters оf the Gulf Stream. Great Britain is а highly developed industrial power. It possesses sоmе mineral resources: coal, iron ores, оn, gas and sоmе metals.

The country is known as one of the world largest producers and exporters of electronics and machinery, chemicals and textile, various aircraft and navigation equipment. Among the main industrial branchеs are also coal mining, automobile, ship-building, metallurgical. The capital of the country is London. It is the largest political, cultural and industrial centre of the country and one of the largest ports of the world. Its population is over 11 mln. people. Among the largest cities оf the UK are Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, Belfast and Cardiff.

The United Kingdom hаs а developed mixed private and public-enterprise economy and ranks among the top industrial countries in growth rates, productivity, and competitiveness. The gross national product (GNP) is growing faster than the population. The GNP per capita is among that of most other European countries.

Text №7

The USA

The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. The country consists of 3 parts: the continental part is in the center of the North American continent, the Hawaii and Alaska. Its total area is over 9 mln. sq. km. Тhe country borders оn Canada in the north and оn Mexico in the south. It also has а sea-border with Russia.

The country is washed bу 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers, the longest of which are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia and others. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Appalachia, the Cordillera. and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is in Alaska. The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and minera1 resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

The USA is а highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others.

The United States is among the leading industrial and agricu1tural nations of the Globe. It is the world's greatest economic power in terms of gross national product (GNP) and is among the greatest powers in terms оf GNP per capita. The nation's wealth is reflected by its rich natural resources and advanced agriculture, but the main factor, nevertheless, is its highly developed industry. International trade plays an important part in the U. S. economy, too. Nearly all of the federal governments revenues come from taxes. The most important source of tax revenue is the personal income tax. The U. S. economy benefits from rich natural resources. The United States is the worlds second largest petroleum-producing nation. The major producing fields are in Alaska, California, the Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. In the second half of the 20th century, services has grown faster than any other sector of the U. S. economy. The United States takes part in the economy of the rest of the world not only as a trading power but also as a source of investment capital.

Text № 8

Russia

Russia (the official nаmе - the Russian Federation) is the largest country in the world. The country is situated both in Europe and Asia. Its total area is over 17 mln. sq. km. Our land is washed bу 12 seas, most of which are the seаs оf 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders оn 14 states. 1t also has а sea-border with the USA. The country has а great variety of flora and fauna. There are numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts in our land. The highest mountains are the Altai, the Urals, and the Caucasus. There are a lot of 2 mln. rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest оf them are the Volga the, the Оb', the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes. Baika1 is the deepest lake in the world.

On the Russian territory, there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions аrе rather different: from arctic to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: natural gas, coal, different ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals. It is one of the highly developed agro-industrial powers in the world. The main industrial branches are machine-building, aircraft, aerospace, automobile, textile, chemical and others.

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. Its population is over 10 mln people. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities. It was found by Jury Dolgorukj in 1147. The Russian Federation has a mixed private and public enterprise economy. For the east two decades the state sector has been reducing owing to policy of privatization, but the private sector has been growing.

Russia is a highly industrialized country. The most developed economic regions are Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Ural, the Sibirian regions. The economy of the north is less developed. Our country exports raw materials, gas, petroleum and others.

Text №9

Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomics

Economists have two ways of looking at economics and the economy. One is the macro approach, and the other is the micro. Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole; microeconomics is the study of the individual consumers and the business firm.

Macroeconomics examines question such as how fast the economy is running; how much overall output is being generated; how much total income is. It also seeks solutions to macroeconomic problems such as how employment can be increased, and what can be done to increase the output of goods and services. Microeconomics examines cause-and-effect relationships that influence choices of individuals, business firms and society.

It is concerned with things such as scarcity, choice and opportunity costs, and with production and consumption. Principal emphasis is given by microeconomics to the study of prices and their relationship to units in the economy.

Factors of Production

The resources that go into the creation of goods and services are called the factors of production. The factors of production include natural resources, human resources, capital and entrepreneurship. Each factor of production has a place in the economic system, and each has a particular function. People who own or use a factor of production are expecting a ”return or reward”.

Natural Resources or “Land”

Natural resources are the things provided by nature that go into the creation of goods and services. They include such things as minerals, wildlife and timber resources. Economists also use the term “land” when they speak of natural resources as a factor of production. The price paid for the use of land is called rent. Rent becomes income to the owner of the land.

Human resources or “Labor”

Economists call the physical and mental effort that people put into the creation of goods and services labor. The price paid for the use of labor is called wages. Wages represent income to workers, who own their labor.