Методические указания по выполнению СРС (стр. 4 )

Exercise 1. A. Use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

1. He is operating now. (since 8 o'clock)

2. She is preparing for her exam. (since June)

3. I am learning the poem. (for 20 minutes)

4. We are waiting for the teacher. (for some minutes)

5. He is smoking a cigarette now. (for 10 years)

B. Use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

1. There was a smell of cigarettes when I entered the room. (somebody, to smoke) 2. He was feeling very tired. (to drive the car, all day)

3. He was listening to music. (for an hour, before I came)

4. The students were discussing their plans. (for a long time, before the teacher came)

5. The child was sleeping. (for an hour, when we returned)

C. Use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

1. She will be typing the documents at 6 o'clock tomorrow. (for an hour, by the time you come back) 2. We'll be reading this book this time tomorrow. (already, for two hours, when you ring us up) 3. They'll be having dinner when he comes. (for half an hour, when you call for them). 4. He will learn German next year. (already, for four years, when he enters the Institute).

Exercise 2. Make the sentences interrogative and negative.

1. The telephone has been ringing for 10 minutes.

2. The boys have been playing football for 2 hours.

3. I have been learning English for 5 years.

4. I had been learning English for 5 years before I went abroad.

the end of this year she will have been teaching at the University for 20 years.

6. The tooth has been aching since Monday.

7. We have been translating the text for half an hour.

8. It has been snowing for 2 days.

9. She had been cooking for a long time when the guests came.

the end of August we shall have been living here for 10 years.

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.

1. Have you been staying here for a month?

2. Has he been swimming long?

3. Since when has it been snowing here?

4. How long have you been watching TV?

5. How long has she been talking to her friend?

6. What has he been translating for an hour?

7. How long had you been studying English before you went to Great Britain?

8. How long had you been writing to him before you got an answer?

9. How long had she been waiting for you when you came?

10. How long will you have been flying by the time the plane lands?

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present, Past or Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

1. We (play) tennis for 3 hours. the end of this year I (live) here for 20 years. 3. She (study) in London for a year. breakfast time she (sleep) for 8 hours. 5. When the bus arrived the tourists (wait) for it very long. 6. I looked at the watch. It was 11 o'clock. I (work) at the report for 4 hours. 7. They (sit) there for an hour when the taxi arrived. 8. She (wash) the dishes since the guests left. 9. I (look for) the key for half an hour already. 10. He (go) to this bar every Saturday for the last 5 years.

Exercise 5. Form the questions with the question words given.

1. The tourists have been travelling since last Sunday. (Since when)

2. She has been driving a car for 10 years. (How long)

3. He has been going in for body-building for 3 months. (Who)

4. She has been speaking on the phone since 10 o'clock. (What)

5. I had been waiting for half an hour when the bus finally came. (How long)

Passive Voice (Зайцева С.Е., Тинигина Л.А. English for Students of law: Учебное пособие. – М.: КНОРУС, 2004, стр. 83-84).

Exercise 1. Change the following sentences from Active into Passive. Leave out the doer of the action.

Model A: We ask a lot of questions at the lesson.

A lot of questions are asked at the lesson.

1. We always invite him to our place.

2. The students often see him in the club.

3. They teach us English at the University.

4. People speak English all over the world.

5. They clean, the classrooms every day.

Model B: They discussed this problem at the meeting.

This problem was discussed at the meeting.

1. She delivered her report in English.

2. I asked him to come later.

3. They published one of his books last year.

4. He told us this story.

5. They promised him a leave.

Model C: She will post the letter tomorrow.

The letter will be posted tomorrow.

1. They will allow the children to watch TV.

2. They will sign the treaty.

3. We shall invite our friends to the party.

4. They will publish this article in a day.

5. They will build the house in a month.

Exercise 2. Respond to the following. Use the Present Continuous Tense, Passive Voice. Model: What's going on in the room? (to pack things)

The things are being packed.

1. What's going on in the hall? (to hold a scientific conference)

2. What's going on in the classroom? (to deliver a lecture)

3. What's going on in the surgery? (to examine a child)

4. What's going on in the sitting room? (to watch a film)

5. What's going on in the kitchen? (to cook dinner)

Exercise 3. Answer the questions. Use the Present Perfect Tense, Passive Voice. Model: Is the doctor still examining the child?

No, the child has already been examined.

1. Are you translating the article?

2. Are you discussing the new play?

3. Are they still building the ground floor?

4. Is the secretary typing the letters?

5. Is she still packing the parcel?

Exercise 4. Transform the following active constructions into passive ones. Leave out the doer of the action. Model: Everyone can see this film soon. This film can be seen soon.

1. He can easily translate this article.

2. You must do it at once.

3. The students were to learn the poem by heart.

4. They may change the day of the meeting.

5. You should learn the rules.

6. They had to postpone their visit.

Exercise 5. Use the verbs in brackets in the Passive Voice.

1. Festivals of folk songs (to attend) by a lot of people annually. 2. The translation (to do) tomorrow? 3. When the play (to stage)? 4. Thousands of foreign guests (to invite) every year to attend the Winter Music Festival in Moscow. 5. Young people from many foreign countries (to teach) in Moscow University. 6. He (to elect) Home minister last year. 7. The country (to govern) by Parliament. 8. I'm sure a lot of questions (to discuss) at the conference the day after tomorrow. 9. Do you know why the White House is white? The story I (to tell) is that in 1812 when England was at war with America, the British captured the city, and some of the buildings, including the Capitol and the house of the President, (to set) on fire. In 1814, in order to hide the marks of the fire, the brown stone walls of the President's home (to paint) white - and it has been "The White House" ever since. 10. It is easy to find your way about in New York, it (to lay out) so regularly. The streets all (to well-plan). The streets running north and south (to call) "A venues" and (to number), for example, 1 st Avenue, 2nd A venue, etc., the streets going east and west (to call) "Streets" and also (to number).

Sequence of tenses (Зайцева С.Е., Тинигина Л.А. English for Students of law: Учебное пособие. – М.: КНОРУС, 2004, стр. 107-108).

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian using the right tenses.

1. I knew that you were ill. 2. I knew that you had been ill. 3. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning. 4. We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning. 5. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased. 6. When he learnt that his son had received excellent mark at school, he was very pleased:

Exercise 2. Refer the following sentences to the past.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 3. He says it did him a lot of good. 4. He says he feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 7. He says he has a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while traveling in Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he will bring and show us photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets, make the right choice.

1. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the «Ritz» Hotel. 2. They realized that they (lost, had lost). 3. I thought that they (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 4. Victor said he (is, was) very busy. 5. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 6. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 7. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. 8. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday.

Exercise 4. Open the brackets. Make all the necessary changes.

1. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already (to find) the book. 3. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 4. I asked my neighbor if he ever (to travel) by air before. 5. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 6. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes. 7. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 8. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 9. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him.

Exercise 5. Open the brackets. Use the necessary verb form. Use figures '1', '2', '3' to show what relations you are trying to express. Give variants where possible.

Model. 1) I knew he (to tell) the truth.

I knew he was telling the truth. (1)

I knew he had told the truth. (2)

I knew he would tell the truth. (3)

2) He said he not (to come) back.

He said he was not coming back. (1)

He said he would not come back. (3)

He said he had not come back. (2)

3) And then you will realize that she not (to understand) anything. And then you will realize that she has not understood anything. (2) And then you will realize that she does not understand anything. (1)

1. He felt that somebody (to watch) him. 2. We wondered how much he (to know). 3. I thought that as he (to leave) next month he (to come) certainly to say good bye. 4. I asked Francie who else (to come) to the party. 5. That is what I (to tell) already your friend. 6. I thought you (to like) him. 7. It was clear that he (to drop) something and now (to look) for it under the table. 8. I looked at her again. She not (to listen) to me, she only (to pretend) to. 9. The explanation was that he not (to expect) that sort of question. 10. He (to travel) with a friend who (to go out) to buy a newspaper and he was sure the man (to be left) behind. 11. There were few people on the platform. All who (to travel) (to take) their seats. 12. Mother said that Aunt Bessie (to come) for visit and (to bring) her little girl. 13. She said carelessly that nothing (to make) her change her mind, once she (to make) it but that at present she still (to examine) the facts. 14. She knew she (to be) right, (to be) right from the very beginning.

Indirect speech (Зайцева С.Е., Тинигина Л.А. English for Students of law: Учебное пособие. – М.: КНОРУС, 2004, стр. 243-245).

Review Grammar Rules.

Exercise 4. Review Indirect Speech. Respond to the situations. Use Indirect Speech after the verbs say, tell, remark, declare, announce, add, admit, emphasize, etc. Model: 1. Dr Berg said, "Scientific community in this country has most friendly feelings for their colleagues in Russia."

2. Pardon Did you hear what Dr Berg said?

or: Would you mind repeating Dr Berg's words? I didn't quite catch what he said. It's rather noisy here.

1. He (Dr Berg) remarked that scientific community had most friendly feelings for their colleagues in Russia. 1. Dr Berg said, "We are all anxious to work in the most cordial way with our Russian colleagues."

2. The speaker said, "Contacts like ours help much to bind closely the ties between men of different countries and different creeds."

3. The president of the Congress addressed the guests, "I want to propose this toast to closer cooperation in science between our two countries."

4. "Contacts in the sphere of science open up new opportunities for further research," said Dr Gray.

5. Lavrov said to his British colleagues, "I owe a great deal to this laboratory for the opportunity it gave me to do research."

6. "I am very grateful for the kind words in recognition of my own

country," said Lavrov.

7. Lavrov said, "I thoroughly enjoyed my stay here and I was greatly

impressed by the warm reception given me everywhere."

8. Gray said, "I like Moscow very much, for it combines both beauty and

history."

9. Nick said to the Grays, "I've had a wonderful time as your guest and I

am greatly pleased with the results of my work at the lab."

10. Nick said, "I'll be very happy to welcome you all in Moscow."

Exercise 5. Review Indirect Speech. Express indirect request after the verbs

ask and tell

Model: a) I. Ann said to the stewardess, "Give me some remedy for air­

sickness, please."

2. What did Ann say?

1. She asked the stewardess to give her some remedy for air-sickness.

b) I. John said, "Don't go away, Billy. The flight is announced."

2. Sorry? What did John say?

I. He told Billy not to go away as the flight was announced.

1. Nick said, "Would you kindly fetch me some morning papers, John?"

2. John said, "Billy, help Mr. Lavrov with his hand luggage."

3. John said, "Don't forget to write to us, Nick. Remember I'll be waiting for your paper."

4. Nick said to Billy, "Give my love to Betty. What a pity she couldn't come."

5. "Give my best regards to your family," said John.

6. "Don't smoke so much, John," said Ann, "It's bad for your health."

7. "Put the papers into your brief-case, Nick," said John.

8. "Don't leave your seats, please," said the stewardess to the passengers.

9. A custom-officer said to me, "Open your suit-case, please."

10. "Don't start a new experiment until you are through with this one," said my chief.

Exercise 6. Review Indirect Speech. Ask for additional information using indirect questions.

Model: Dr Berg made a speech at the farewell party.

1. Will you tell me who this party was given for?

2. I'd like to know What Dr Berg said in his speech.

3. I wonder if the party was a success.

1. Gray said he likes Moscow very much.

2. The Grays came to the airport.

3. Dr Goodwill is learning Russian.

4. Gray and Lavrov carried out some research together.

5. Dr Black performed a new series of experiments.

6. Gray's colleagues combined two methods of research.

7. Academician A. gave an interesting talk at the conference.

Exercise 7. Answer the questions. Use Infinitive to express purpose. Model: a) 1. For what purpose do you think Lavrov gave a lecture to his British colleagues? 2. He did it (with a view, in order) to demonstrate the achievements of Russian science.

b) 1. Why was this fundamental work done?

2. It was done (with a view, in order) to show what factors affect the process.

1. Why did Lavrov speak at the farewell party?

2. Why are international contacts among businessmen, researchers, politicians indispensable?

3. Why did you start a new series of experiments?

4. For what purpose do you think Dr N. undertook such a difficult task?

5. Why do scientists meet regularly?

6. Why do you attend the laboratory seminars?

7. For what purpose did you carry out this investigation?

8. Why did you apply a new technique in your research?

9. Why do you want to work abroad for some time?

10. Why do you read professional literature?

Test Presidents of the USA (Зайцева С.Е., Тинигина Л.А. English for Students of law: Учебное пособие. – М.: КНОРУС, 2004, стр.39-40).

1. How many presidents has the USA had?

a) over 50

b) over 40

c) over 25

2. When was the first president of the United States, George Washington, inaugurated?

a) in 1720 b) in 1800 c) in 1789

3. Where was the first president buried?

a) in California

b) in Massachussetts

c) in Virginia

4. How many presidents were elected for two terms?

a) 15

b) 9

c) 10

5. How many full terms did Franklin Roosevelt serve?

a) 3 b) 2 c) 1

6. Franklin Roosevelt was elected to the fourth term in 1944. Who completed Roosevelt's fourth term when he died in 1945?

a) Harry Truman

b) Abraham Lincoln

c) Lindon Johnson

7. Whom was the shortest term served by?

a) William Harrison

b) Richard Nixon

c) Jimmy Carter

8. How many presidents were killed while in office? Who were they?

a) 7

b) 4

c) 5

9. Who was a tailor before he became a president?

a) Andrew Johnson

b) Ronald Reagan

c) R. Wilson

10. Who was the youngest president to be elected to the office? a) John Kennedy

b) Richard Nixon

c) Jimmy Carter

11. What state is known as the "Presidents' State"?

a) California

b) Virginia

c) Texas

Task 2. Say whether the statements given below are true or false.

1. The United States has had 60 Presidents.

2. George Bush is the 41 st President.

3. George Washington served 3 terms that ended in 1797.

4. George Washington was buried at his home at Mount Vernon, Virginia. 5. Franklin D. Roosevelt served four full terms.

6. The shortest term was served by William H. Harrison.

System of government of the USA (Зайцева С.Е., Тинигина Л.А. English for Students of law: Учебное пособие. – М.: КНОРУС, 2004, стр.134).

Exercise 3: Answer the questions about details.

1. How many branches is the Government in the United States divided into?

a) two

b) three

c) four

2. How is the legislative branch of the Government called?

a) parliament;

b) congress;

c) court.

3. What branch of the Government has the responsibility to carry out the law?

a) legislative branch;

b) executive branch;

c) judicial branch.

4. What branch of the Government do the Supreme Court and lower national courts make up?

a) legislative branch;

b) judicial branch;

c) executive branch.

5. What branches of the Government are the most powerful?

a) legislative;

b) judicial;

c) executive.

6. Why do the President and Congress have almost complete political

independence from each other?

a) they are chosen in the same elections;

b) they are chosen in separate elections.

7. What happens to a legislative bill passed by Congress, if the President