2.о компонентах системы охлаждения двигателя?
3. об установлении бака радиатора?
7. Определите, является ли данное предложение: истинным, ложным или в тексте нет об этом информации.
1. The car engine structure is the same arrangement as the diesel engine.
2. A very complex form of engine water cooling was used in few motor vehicles.
3. Both inlet and exhaust valves are closed.
10. Определите основную идею текста.
1. The baffles supply free flow of air to the cooling surfaces of the cylinders and cylinder heads.
2. Engine cooling system induces air over high temperature surfaces, gives a greater cooling place to the air. The two systems are very important for the definite engine.
3. Engine water cooling system has many components
Задание 9. Расположите элементы делового письма на конверте в правильном порядке:
H. Brown & W. Pink LimitedРРРHkllll,
Cotton Road,
Cardiff(3) EX5 DT,
England
(4) Ms. J. Faulkner
(5) British Films Ltd
3 Wardour St.
London (6) W1 5JN
· the addressee’s company name
· the ZIP Code in the mailing address
· the ZIP Code in the return address
· the addressee
· the town the letter comes from
· the sender
Задание 10. Расположите части служебной записки (меморандуме) в правильном порядке:
(1)____: Grey, Black & White
From:(2)________
Date: 1 May
(3)____: J. White & CO. LTD
J. White & CO. LTD are enclosing our (4) _____, that we are sending you herewith our brochure about the latest models of motors we manufacture. Should you require any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me
4. To
5. Subject
6. Order № 000
· Manager
Задание 11. Напишите письмо-жалобу на некачественное обслуживание (отсутствие автозаправки на территории) в гостинице Russia (г. Москва, Россия) от г-на Прохорова, адресованное компании Travel company, расположенной , офис 412.
Вариант 4
Грамматика: Infinitive. Forms and Functions. Bare Infinitive
Infinitive Constructions: Objective, Nominative, For-to-Infinitive
Задание 1. Перепишите предложения. Вставьте инфинитив в нужной форме и переведите предложение на русский язык.
8. _____ satisfactory cooling system, an ample supply of good clean water is needed to the device. (to ensure)
A. to have ensured C. to have been ensured E. to ensure
B. to be ensured D. to be ensuring F. to have been ensuring
9. Approved practice is _____ the water at a temperature well above cold water temperature. (introduce)
A. to introduce C. to be introducing E. to have introduced
B. to be introduced D. to have been introduced F. to have been introducing
10.Failure is far more often owing to neglect _____ the fastening quite tight. (to keep)
A. to have kept C. to be keeping E. to keep
B. to have been kept D. to have been keeping F. to be kept
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, поставьте частицу to, где необходимо. Объясните причину отсутствия частицы to. Переведите предложение на русский язык.
He was made ____ numerate causes of oil engine breakdowns. Improper alignment causes overstress of the various parts which is likely _____ cause early breakdown.12. All important fastenings should _____ be tested for tightness.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения. Измените их используя Infinitive вместо подчёркнутых слов. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.
· The project which is to be submitted next week is not ready yet.
· We’ll find someone who will repair automotive engines.
· There was no place where they could sit and discuss the design of the device.
Задание 4. Перепишите предложения. Замените сложные предложения или группы предложений простыми предложениями с инфинитивным оборотом Complex Object. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.
1 They were awarded for their good fuel economy. I know it The first cars were very small. They believed it.12. Some people like to collect antique cars. We’d like it.
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения. Закончите их, используя "for-to-Infinitive Construction". Переведите предложение на русский язык.
This is a water jacket (you, it, to repair). He asked (the project, of, engine water cooling system, to be brought).9. There’s nobody here (him, cylinder head, design, to discuss, the).
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения с Complex Subject. Вставьте сказуемое в нужной форме и переведите предложение на русский язык.
He ____ to be of a different opinion on this question (to say). All the students ___ to have listened to the lecture on the engine cooling systems (to seem).10. The cars ____ to be delivered at the end of the week (to be sure).
Задание 7. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитивные обороты. Определите, какой инфинитивный оборот употреблён в предложении. Переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму инфинитива
(8) Many filters that appear to be dirty are in fact still good and do not need to be replaced.
(9) The differences among engine water-cooling system and engine air-cooling system are important for you to know about it.
(10) His article about the early days of the automobile is very likely to be published.
Задание 8. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
Oil Engine Breakdown
I. There are numerous causes of oil engine breakdowns; these include unsatisfactory design and construction of the engine, which are by no means common causes, and which in any case are matters for the engine maker. Other causes are unsatisfactory adjustment of the parts, improper alignment of the parts, failure of fastenings, faulty cooling of the engine, and inefficient lubrication.
II. Unsatisfactory adjustment of parts which work together results in excessive wear and tear. There is risk of seizure and breakdown if the parts are too tight, or are not provided with the necessary clearance; and in knocking and consequent damaging stresses if they are too slack. It is well to regard knocking as a sign of approaching breakdown, and give attention to the trouble immediately it is noted.
Improper alignment causes over-stress of the various parts, which is likely to cause early breakdown. Periodical alignment tests carried out by men capable of doing this highly skilled work are strongly advised.
III. The principal cause of cracking of crankshafts and bedplates is improper alignment. Fastenings for oil engines include bolts, set screws and studs. These occasionally fail because they are not suitably designed and constructed of high-class material. Failure, however, is far more often owing to neglect to keep the fastenings quite tight when the connected parts are subjected to motion, vibration, and if shocks, so that hammering or knocking and its evil consequences result. Connecting-rod bolts in particular must be kept quite tight, for the slightest hammering with these will soon lead to failure, and this will generally be followed by a costly smash, and perhaps wreckage of the engine. All important fastenings should be tested for tightness as frequently as practicable. Excessive tightening, or the application of undue force to the spanner, is a common cause of failure of bolted fastenings, especially of small fastenings. Anyone can tighten a nut or a set screw, but comparatively few men can do the work properly, because of the general tendency to apply more tightening force than is necessary. The tightening of important oil engine fastenings is a job for skill and care.
IV. When the cooling of an engine by the circulating water is faulty, probable serious consequences are cracking of the cylinder castings, seizure of the piston and consequent breakdown. To ensure satisfactory cooling, an ample supply of good clean water must be circulated continuously through the water spaces while the engine is running, and for a short time after a stationary engine is shut down. If water containing sedimentary or scale-forming matter must be used, frequent washing out or descaling is essential for the prevention of overheating and breakdown. It is a common mistake to suppose that a large volume of cold water must be circulated, and that the lower the outlet temperature, the better. This practice cools the engine too much, and not only reduces the engine efficiency, but induces unwanted stresses in tile cylinder castings, and adversely affects the piston and cylinder lubrication. Approved practice is to introduce the water al a temperature well above cold water temperatures - at least 100° F- and regulate the volume so that the outlet temperature will be at least 140° F.
V. As with unsatisfactory adjustment of parts which work together, inefficient lubrication results in excessive friction and wear, with risk of seizure and breakdown. If a piston, owing to this trouble, does not move very freely in the cylinder, connecting rod bolts are unduly strained. Should the piston seize, the bolts may fail immediately, and a disastrous breakdown occur, including smashing of the piston itself, and irreparable damage to the crankshaft, which is one of the most costly parts of an oil engine.
The modern oil engine by a first-class maker is a reliable machine and the risk of breakdown is slight if the engine is well looked after by a careful attendant.
11. Перепишите в тетрадь и переведите письменно V часть текста.
12. Найдите в тексте предложения, имеющие одинаковое значение со следующими: …
1. Many reasons lead to oil engine breakdowns.
2. All main fastening must be tested for reliability.
3. It is general mistake to think that much cold water will circulate and low the outlet temperature better.
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