Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Timesnews room, and the one organizing trains operated by CSX, a freight company on America's east puter scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.
Вариант 10.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) ... second lesson was Russian.
b)We went to... London by... train.
c) There is... school near our house.
d)He is... best student in the group.
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Wife, family, foot, radio, chief, box, tree, play, bench
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Не will publish his newspaper next week.
b)She met us at the airport yesterday.
c) My sister plants roses in spring.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) The Severn is the (long) river in England.
b) Australia is (small) than the USA.
c) The Baikal is the (deep) lake in the world.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Traditional computer viruses were first widely seen in the late 1980s, and they came about because of several factors. The first factor was the spread of personal computers (PCs). Prior to the 1980s, home computers were nearly non-existent or they were toys. Real computers were rare, and they were locked away for use by "experts." During the 1980s, real computers started to spread to businesses and homes because of the popularity of the IBM PC (released in 1982) and the Apple Macintosh (released in 1984). By the late 1980s, PCs were widespread in businesses, homes and college campuses.
The second factor was the use of computer bulletin boards. People could dial up a bulletin board with a modem and download programs of all types. Games were extremely popular, and so were simple word processors, spreadsheets, etc. Bulletin boards led to the precursor of the virus known as the Trojan horse. A Trojan horse is a program that sounds really cool when you read about it. So you download it. When you run the program, however, it does something uncool like erasing your disk. So you think you are getting a neat game but it wipes out your system. Trojan horses only hit a small number of people because they are discovered quickly. Either the bulletin board owner would erase the file from the system or people would send out messages to warn one another.
The third factor that led to the creation of viruses was the floppy disk. In the 1980s, programs were small, and you could fit the operating system, a word processor (plus several other programs) and some documents onto a floppy disk or two. Many computers did not have hard disks, so you would turn on your machine and it would load the operating system and everything else off of the floppy disk.
Вариант 11.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) What... sweet oranges!
b) …Volga is …longest river in …Russia.
c) She lives in … Green Street.
d) He came home by... bus.
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Show, ship, son, tooth, hero, photo, picture, puppy, chair
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Soon they became the closest friends.
b) Andrew devotes a great deal of time to reading.
c) Ann takes a shower in the morning.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Silver is (heavy) than copper.
b) My book is (interesting) than yours.
c) Lena is the (good) student in the group.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
This German physicist is considered one of the world's greatest thinkers in history. Not only did he shape the way people think of time, space, matter, energy, and gravity but he also was a supporter of Zionism and peaceful living.
Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Germany, and spent most of his youth living in Munich, where his family owned a small shop. He attended schooling in Munich, which he found unimaginative and dull. In addition to this, he taught himself Euclidean geometry at the age of 12.
Later his family was forced to move to Milan, Italy where he then decided to withdraw from school at the age of 15. Eventually, he realized that he had to finish secondary school. On the other hand, he still often skipped class to study physics on his own.
At age 22, he became a Swiss citizen and in 1903 married a woman, named Mileva Marec. In a few years, two sons were born but in 1919 he divorced as to marry his cousin. On the other hand, he published five major research papers at the age of 26.
The first paper was on Brownian motion, which would get him his doctorate in 1905.
The second paper laid the base of the photon, or quantum theory of light. It said that light is made off separate packets of energy, titled quanta or photons. The paper remade the theory of light. Also explaining the emissions of electrons from some solid objects when they are struck by light. Televisions are practical applications of Einstein's discoveries.
The third paper, which he began as an essay at age 16, contained the « special theory of relativity ». He showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, and the speed of light is constant and natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe.
The fourth was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. This is where he presented his famous E = mc2, also known as the energy mass equivalence.
His fifth paper was his general theory of relativity. In which he proposed that gravity is not a force, a previously accepted theory but it's a curved field in the space-time continuum created in the presence of mass.
In 1921, Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics for the confirmation of his general theory of relativity although the other papers where still considered controversial.
In 1933, he moved to the USA where he became a citizen ir 1940. Einstein died in Princeton, NJ, on April 18,1955.
Вариант 12.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
а) ... Kiev is the capital of... Ukraine.
b) There is... apple on … table.
c) This is... highest building in the city.
d) What. . . wonderful story.
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Life, foot, bus, brush, day, goose, tomato, roof, boy
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Не will get a good job after graduating from the University.
b) A dog stole a large piece of meat and ran away.
c) I brought him two magazines last week.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Iron is the (useful) of all metals.
b) The Neva is (wide) and (deep) than the Moskva River.
c) This room is (small) than all the rooms in the house
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, an outstanding scientist and public figure, was born in 1921.
The biography of A. Sakharov as one of the "secret" authorities in thermonuclear physics mainly falls on the times of the "thaw" In 1948 he began serious work on hydrogen bomb and while working on the problem he came to the conclusion that any atomic and nuclear should be banned.
He wrote many articles on the problems which were published abroad. He protested against the invasion in Afganistan, against every violation of human rights.
Abroad Sakharov was recognised as a civil rights activist and received the Peace Nobel's Prize. At home he was persecuted, deprived of all his titles and orders and exiled to the city of Gorky. In Gorky he continued to work for peace, justice and human rights.
Only in 1985 A. D. Sakharov was allowed to come back to Moscow. He was given back all his titles and was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet. But he died in December 1989.
A. D. Sakharov is remembered by everybody as an outstanding humanist and philosopher.
Вариант 13.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) … Samara is the central Russia.
b) He lives in … Kirova Street.
c) I usually have. . . breakfast at 6.30 a. m.
d) There is... interesting book on the table.
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Baby, mouse, fly, life, match, boy, tooth, piano, child
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Children eat four or five times a day.
b) Helen gives private lessons.
c) The Browns will have a party next Sunday.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Steven is (clever) than Andrew.
b) This text is the (difficult) in the book.
c) Russia is (large) than Australia.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.
After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.
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