These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colors of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colors.
It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before.
But it was Newton who asked himself a question: "Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn't it go sidewards or upwards?" The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.
Вариант 14.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) This country is... largest in... world.
b) What... beautiful sea!
c) ... Mr. Brown is a boss of this firm.
d) I went to... Kaliningrad by... plane.
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Tooth, wolf, magazine, table, tomato, fish, glass, student, window
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) They will open the cafeteria next week.
b) Ann takes a shower in the morning.
c) Edward came home for the holidays.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) In summer this room is (cold) than the other rooms.
b) The new car is (fast) than the old one.
c) He is the (good) student at our school.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Mikhail Lomonosov was born in 1711 in Archangelsk province. His father was a fisher and young Mikhail liked to help him. He always strove for knowledge and liked reading books.
As he was 19 years old, he decided to study in Moscow. He went there on foot. In Moscow he entered the Slavic - Greek-Latin Academy. After his graduation from Academy he was sent abroad to complete his knowledge in chemistry and mining. After he had returned from abroad, he became the first Russian professor of chemistry in 1745.
At first he was engaged in research in physics and chemistry. Since 1748 he had conducted works in the first Russian chemical research laboratory, which was built at his request.
Since 1753 he was engaged in research in many fields of natural and applied sciences. He wrote works on physics, astronomy, geography, history. Besides scientific works, he wrote poems as well. He is the author of the first scientifical grammar of the Russian language.
He founded the factory producing colored glass. He created some mosaics using the glass produced at the factory.
Lomonosov was the founder of the first Russian university. This university is situated in Moscow and still carries his name.
Mikhail Lomonosov died in 1765. But he is still known as the father of the Russian science, an outstanding poet, the founder of Russian literature.
Вариант 15.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) ... second lesson is P. E.
b) There is... field near the country.
c) I am busy nday.
d) This forest is... largest one.
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Sheep, life, ox, cliff, car, man, child, photo, box
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) I shall arrive in London tomorrow.
b) Bob usually gets up very early.
c) She chose this book for his report.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) She is the (good) student in our group.
b) The goods in this shop are (cheap) than in any others shops.
c) They will go to Oxford one of these days.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Physicists are the scientists who study the field of physics in great detail. They conduct research into physical phenomena or the natural science that involve the study of matter and related concepts. They analyze the general happenings in nature and try to understand how the universe behaves. On the basis of research through observation and experiments, they discover physical laws and propound theories that explain the functioning of natural forces like gravity, electromagnetism, and nuclear interactions. The discovery of new physical laws and theories contribute to the existing base of theoretical knowledge and can also be used for more practical applications such as development of medial equipment, electronic devices, nuclear reactors, etc. During the earlier days, physics was considered a field of philosophy; it was only during the 19th century that physics was realized as a discipline separate from philosophy. Some of the major branches of physics are classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, theory of relativity and electromagnetism. Since physics covers a vast number of fields, most physicists specialize in one of the many subfields. However, the various subfields may overlap with each other and also with other sciences resulting in interdisciplinary fields such as biophysics, geophysics, meteorology, etc. Browse through this section to explore the biographies, life and works of various famous physicists from all over the world.
Вариант 16.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) ... third lesson was Russian.
b) We went to... Moscow by... bus.
c) There is... shop near our school.
d) He is... worst student in the group.
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Roof, family, berry, tomato, woman, box, tree, goose, bench
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) Не will publish his newspaper next week.
b) She met us at the airport yesterday.
c) My sister plants roses in spring.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) The Volga is the (long) river in Russia.
b) St. Petersburg is (small) than Moscow.
c) The Baikal is the (deep) lake in the world.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Andre Marie Ampere was a French physicist and one of the founders of electrodynamics (electromagnetism). He was also an acclaimed mathematician with interests in several other fields like history, philosophy, and natural sciences. Born during the height of the French Enlightenment, he had the fortune of growing up in an intellectually stimulating atmosphere. The France of his youth was marked by wide-spread developments in sciences and arts, and the French Revolution which began when he was a young man also played an influential role in shaping his future life. The son of a prosperous businessman, he was encouraged from a young age to seek knowledge in a variety of subjects. He became fascinated with mathematics and science among other subjects, and grew up to become a professor of mathematics. A brilliant man with in-depth knowledge in various subjects, he also taught philosophy and astronomy at the University of Paris. Along with his academic career, Ampere also engaged in scientific experiments in diverse fields, and was particularly intrigued by the works of Hans Christian Oersted who had discovered a link between electricity and magnetism. Extending Oersted’s experimental work, Ampere made several more discoveries in the field which became known as electromagnetism or electrodynamics, and is regarded as one of the founders of this important branch of theoretical physics.
Вариант 17.
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставьте артикли там, где необходимо и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) There are many beaches on... Black Sea Coast.
b) ... January is... coldest month of the year.
c) I came. . . home late in the evening yesterday.
d) What. . . wonderful tree!
2. Образуйте множественное число существительных.
Lake, photo, mystery, foot, tree, hero, mountain, factory, fox
3. Перепишите предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитив и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) We shall have a History class tomorrow.
b) Andrew devotes a great deal of time to reading.
c) A dog stole a large piece of meat and ran away.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения, поставив прилагательные в скобках в нужную степень, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
a) This is the (comfortable) room in my house.
b) My sister is (young) than yours.
c) Winter is (cold) than autumn.
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Anders Celsius was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician who proposed the Celsius temperature scale and founded the Uppsala Observatory. Born in Sweden, he was raised in the shadow of his father, an astronomy professor. Anders showed an extraordinary talent in mathematics from childhood and after completing his education, decided to become an astronomer. He made earlier observations concerning aurora borealis (northern lights) and is regarded as the first astronomer to suggest a connection between aurora borealis and changes in the Earth's magnetic field. He also assessed the brightness of stars with measuring tools. Later, he participated in an expedition which proved the Newton’s theory that the Earth has the shape of an ellipsoid, flattened at the poles. After succeeding in the expedition, he laid the foundation of Uppsala Astronomical Observatory, the oldest astronomical observatory in Sweden. However, he is most famous for the temperature scale he proposed based on the boiling and freezing points of water. Later on, a reversed form of his original design was adopted as the standard and used in almost all the scientific works. He started many other research projects but died unexpectedly before he could complete most of them. He was an extraordinary astronomer, and as a tribute to his accomplishments, the standard unit on the temperature scale, “Celsius”, is named after him.
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