«Дидактическая разработка: Словообразование как аспект подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку» (стр. 4 )

Some examples from English:

Girls, where the suffix -s marks the plural.

He makes, where suffix -s marks the third person singular present tense.

It closed, where the suffix -ed marks the past tense.

Many synthetic languages—Czech, German, Finnish, Latin, Hungarian, Russian, Turkish, etc.—use a large number of endings.

Suffixes used in English frequently have Greek, French or Latin origins.

Inflectional suffixes

Inflection changes grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. In the example:

The weather forecaster said it would clear today, but it hasn't cleared at all.

The suffix -ed inflects the root-word clear to indicate past tense.

Some inflectional suffixes in present day English:

·  -s third person singular present

·  -ed past tense

·  -ing progressive/continuous

·  -en past participle

·  -s plural

·  -en plural (irregular)

·  -er comparative

·  -est superlative

·  -n't negative

Derivational suffixes

In the example:

"The weather forecaster said it would be clear today, but I can't see clearly at all".

The suffix -ly modifies the root-word clear from an adjective into an adverb. Derivation can also form a semantically distinct word within the same syntactic category. In this example:

"The weather forecaster said it would be a clear day today, but I think it's more like clearish!"

The suffix -ish modifies the root-word clear, changing its meaning to "clear, but not very clear".

Some derivational suffixes in present day English:

·  -ize/-ise; -fy; -ly; -able/-ible; -ful; -ness; -less; -ism; -ment; -ist; -al; -ish

List of suffixes

Suffixes that form nouns:

Suffix	Meaning	Original word	New noun
-acy, - cy	state	candidate	candidacy
-age	result, process	drain	drainage
-ance, - ence	state, quality	guide, exist	guidance, existence
-ant, - ent	agent, doer	consult, reside	consultant, resident
-action	action	condemn	condemnation
-ition, - ion	state, result	abolish, fuse	abolition, fusion
-dom	condition, state, domain	wise, king	wisdom, kingdom
-ee	one receiving action	trust	trustee
-eer	doer, worker	engine	engineer
-er, - or	doer, maker resident	narrate, London	narrator, Londoner
-ful	amount	spoon	spoonful
-hood	state, condition	child	childhood
-ism	system	feudal	feudalism
-ity	state, quality	valid	validity
-ive	agent, doer	detect	detective
-ment	action, result	amaze	amazement
-ness	quality, state	vivid	vividness
-(e)ry	people or things as a whole	rob, dentist	robbery, dentistry
-ship	state, condition	member	membership
-tude	quality, state	serve	servitude
-ure	result, means	depart	departure
-y	result, action	jealous	jealousy

Suffixes that form adjectives:

Suffix	Meaning	Original word	New adjective
-able, ible	able, capable of	reason	reasonable
-al	characteristic of	season	seasonal
-ant, - ent	doing, showing	appear, observe	apparent, observant
-ary	tending to	fragment	fragmentary
-ate	full of, having	wonder	wonderful
-en	made of, like	gold	golden
-ful	full of, having	affection	affectionate
-ic	relating to, characteristic of	German, romance	Germanic, romantic
-ive	given to	attract	attractive
-less	lacking, without	life	lifeless
-like	similar, like	ape, bell	apelike, bell-like
-ly	like, characteristic of	mother	motherly
-ous	full of, marked by	fury	furious
-some	apt to	trouble	troublesome
-ward	in the direction of	west	westward
-y	like, showing	shade	shadely

Suffixes that form nouns and adjectives:

Suffix	Meaning	Original word	New noun and adjective
-an, - ian	belonging	America	American
-ese	smth or smb of a place or a style	Japan	Japanese
-ine	smth or smb characteristic of	Florence	Florentine
-ish	smth characteristic of	Spain	Spanish
-ist	doer, believer, related to	Buddha	Buddhist
-ite	(smth or someone) characteristic of	Israel	Israelite

Suffixes that form verbs:

Suffix	Meaning	Original word	New verb
-ate	become, form treat	hyphen	hyphenate
-en	make, cause to be	wide	widen
-fy, - ify	cause, make to be	solid	solidify
-ize	make, cause to be	central	centralize

Suffixes of the nouns:

1.  To denote the person:

-er; - or add to the verb to denote the person:

to buy – buyer (покупать – покупатель)

to direct – director (руководить – директор)

to inspect – inspector (инспектировать – инспектор)

to invent – inventor (изобретать – изобретатель)

to produce – producer (производить – производитель)

to sell – seller (продавать – продавец)

to supply – supplier (поставлять – поставщик)

to teach – teacher (учить – учитель)

to translate – translator (переводить – переводчик)

to visit – visitor (посещать – посетитель)

to work – worker (работать – рабочий)

to write –writer (писать – писатель)

help – helper (помощь – помощник)

-ist denote the belonging to political or scientific field:

Marxist (марксист)

Leninist (ленинец)

communist (коммунист)

materialist (материалист)

-ism corresponds in abstract nouns to –ist:

Marxism (марксизм)

Leninism (ленинизм)

communism (коммунизм)

materialism (материализм)

-ee denotes the person to which the action is directed:

to address – addressee (адресовать – адресат)

to consign – consignee (отправлять (товар, груз) – грузополучатель)

to lease – lessee (сдавать в аренду – арендатор)

to pay – payee (платить – получатель платежа)

to trust – trustee (доверять – доверенное лицо)

-ian denotes nationality:

Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Norwegian

2. To denote abstract nouns:

-age makes nouns from verbs: