Примерное меню первоклассного ресторана. Закуски (стр. 4 )

8.Methods of cooking. Методы приготовления пищи

Прочтите и устно переведите 1- 2-й абзацы текста.

Задание 1. Ответьте па вопросы.

1. What are the four basic ways to cook food?

2. What is cooked by boiling?

3. What two methods of frying do you know?

4. What can be baked?

5. What do we usually roast?

6. How do we call frying when natural juices of the food are mixed with the fat or oil in the saucepan?

7. How are potato chips cooked?

8. How are beefsteaks cooked?

9. How are spaghetti cooked?

10. How are doughnuts cooked?

Задание.2. Переведите па английский.

1. Тушеное мясо, вареные овощи, жареная говядина, печеная картошка, цыпленок гриль, жаренные во фритюре блюда, жареный на вертеле шашлык, вареная курица, поливать сверху жиром, заворачивать в фольгу, печь пирожные, жарить в растительном масле.

2. Когда мы готовим пищу, мы варим, жарим на сковороде, печем, тушим в кастрюле на медленном огне, варим на пару.

Задание.3. Переведите па русский

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METHODS OF COOKING

Cooking is a heat treatment of food to make it edible. Many products cannot be eaten raw. Meat, fish and vegetables are usually cooked. Some fruits are not cooked, but some, such as apples, pears, and currants, may be used in pies or to make desserts. Fruits are also cooked to make jams, jellies, and marmalades.

The four basic ways to cook food are:

• heating in a liquid (boiling, stewing)

• heating in fat or oil (frying and sauteing)

• heating in steam (steaming)

• heating by dry heat (baking, roasting and grilling).

Boiling. We may boil food in different liquids and mixtures,

including water, stock, and wine. Meat, poultry, many vegetables and spaghetti are cooked in this way.

Stewing is cooking food slowly in liquid. It is often used for meat. Vegetables, herbs, and spices are usually added at the end of cooking.

Deep-frying is immersion of food in hot fat or oil. Chipped potatoes and doughnuts are the best example of deep-frying. Deep - fried foods are called fritters.

Shallow frying is frying on a pan in hot fat or oil, when the food is fried on both sides. We can fry eggs, meat, vegetables, mushrooms, onions and pancakes.

14.Предотвращение пищевых отвралений

Задание прочитать и ответить на вопросы.

SEVEN TIPS FOR AVOIDING FOOD POISONING

Wash your hands. Yes, again! The single most effective way to avoid food poisoning is to wash your hands before preparing or eating food. Whether you are the chef or the guest, it is crucial that your hands are spotless. Wash your produce. Don’t trust the store to remove harmful chemicals from your fruit and vegetables. Many people handle your produce before you consume rprisingly, the salad bar in a restaurant is a common source of food poisoning. Handle raw meat with care. Make sure not to contaminate other foods with uncooked meat. Wash utensils that have come into contact with raw meat carefully. Sanitize your cutting boards. Keep separate cutting boards for your meat and veggies. Sanitize your cutting boards. Wash them with bleach and hot water or put them in the dishwasher. Invest in a meat thermometer. Different types of meat require different cooking temperatures. Most people don’t know what a turkey should be cooked to. A meat thermometer helps you cook meat so that it is safe to eat. Keep hot food hot and cold food cold. Bacteria develops quickly when food is left at room temperature. This is why buffets can be dangerous. Food that can spoil should be kept cold or hot. If in doubt, throw it out. Does the meat smell funny? Does the cheese look off? When it comes to food, trust your instincts. And, always check best before dates!

Reading Warm Up Questions:

Why is it important to wash your hands before eating? Why do grocery clerks pack raw meat in separate bags? Why do many households have two cutting boards? What is the purpose of a meat thermometer? What is the purpose of a thermos or freezer pack?

16.Здоровое питание

1..Переведите

А) Личная диета, умирать с голоду, страдать от заболеваний, кушать слишком много однообразной

еды, требует сбалансированной диеты, вид диеты, вес тела человека.

Б) in large proportion of water, meals should be varied, well cooked, attractive to look at, drink water daily,

digestive system, eating too much or too little, the most important rule is…, enamel of the teeth, appetite is

good, nerves are calm, skin tissue, loose vitamins, absorb calcium

2. Вставьте необходимые слова

Fluorine, balanced diet, minerals, “sunshine”, hemoglobin, fatty foods, vitamins, glass of water, oxygen,

three-four meal

1. As iron carries _________, people who do not have enough iron do not get enough oxygen for their

normal activities.

2. _____ is a constituent of the enamel of the teeth but it is absent from most foods.

3. ______ are important because they prevent diseases and help to control body processes.

4. Vitamin B is called the _____ vitamin.

5. The red colour of the blood is the colour of the _____, which contains one atom of iron among its ten

thousand atoms.

6. ____ are considered to be good sources of energy, but people who eattoo much of them become

overweight.

7. ____ are present in small amounts but we know them to be extremely important for the proper

functioning and growth of the body.

8. _____ a day-breakfast, lunch, dinner and supper are enough for the most people.

9. The body has many different needs and these needs require a _____.

10. A ______ first thing in the morning and last thing at

18.Вегетарианцы.

Задание1.Перевести текст на русский.

Different Types Of Vegetarian Diets

Fruitarians eat only foods of plant origin that can be obtained without killing the plant: fruits, nuts and seeds, for example. A fruitarian eats vegetables that are actually classified as fruits such as avocados, nuts, seeds, eggplant, zucchini and tomatoes. Fruitarians believe only plant foods that can be harvested without killing the plant should be eaten.

Raw or Living Food Diet One who follows a raw food diet is a person who for the most part only eats raw foods that are not cooked. One who follows this type of diet believes that cooking changes food in a negative way and makes it less nutritious, diminishing the vitamin and mineral contents of the food. Most people who follow a raw-food diet only eat between 50% to 80% of their food raw. There is some logic to a raw food diet in the fact that cooking food destroys nutrients. But cooking food on the other hand makes foods easier to digest, which often offsets the anti-nutritional factors. Raw Fooder one whose diet is raw foods. In theory this could include meat. However, it is usually a vegan diet and can also be lacto-vegetarian, so long as the dairy foods eaten are raw.

Pure Vegetarians / Religion vegetarians /Lacto-vegetarians/ Lactose-Vegetarians are strict vegetarians who may consume milk and dairy products (optional) . Strictly No meat, no fishes, no eggs, no onion and no garlic. Lacto comes from the Latin word for milk.

Vegans don't eat any products of animal origin. This includes not only meat, but also dairy products (milk, butter, cheese), eggs and even honey. Many vegans do eat onion and garlic. The strictest vegans don't wear leather, wool or silk and also avoid health and beauty products made with ingredients derived from animals -- for instance, lip balm with bees wax or skin creams with lanolin (an oil extracted from sheep's wool). Although some people who choose a vegan diet do so because they are allergic or insensitive to dairy products or eggs, most choose veganism because of ethical concerns. Most vegans have a deep commitment to ending the exploitation and mistreatment of animals. The term vegan, formed from first three and last two letters of the word veg etari an, was coined in London in 1944 by seven vegetarians who founded the Vegan Society.

Ovo-vegetarians are people who still eat eggs(meat). Ovo from the Latin word for egg.

Lacto-ovo-vegetarians / Ovo-Lacto-vegetarians are those who eat both dairy products and eggs(meat).

Meat Restrictors avoid red meat, but may eat fish and poultry.

Задание 2.Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим английским словосочетаниям и выражениям.

A meatless diet, health benefits, meat-free eating, by definition, consumption of meat or fish, ovo-lacto vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians, healthy eating guidelines, wholegrain cereals, good sources of beta carotene, antioxidant nutrients, the risk of heart disease, regular meat-eaters.

Задание 3.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What is a vegetarian?

2.What can semi-vegetarians eat?

3.What do ovo-lacto-vegetarians include in their diet?

4.What can vegans eat?

5.What do fruitarians eat?

6.Are you a vegetarian or a meat-eater?

7.Is it difficult to cook dishes for a vegetarian?

22.Meat and meat products. Продукты мясной переработки

Прочтите и устно переведите весь текст. Подготовьтесь к контрольному чтению вслух 1, 5, 6

абзацев.

The flesh from the cattle over 6 months of age is beef and from younger cattle is veal. Beef is a nutritious

food having approximately 25% protein and rich in essential acids, B vitamins and minerals.

The primary products of swine are pork, lard, hides, and innumerable by-products. Pork is more successfully

cured and stored than any other meats.

Fresh red meats are refrigerated. Cured meats such as ham, bacon and sausage contain chemical preservatives

(salt. Nitrate, nitrite) but are in addition, heat processed and stored under refrigeration. Fresh and cured meats

are also canned. Which severe heat processing a shelf-stable product is produced. In certain products stability

is achieved in part through other processes: fermentation, drying, smoking and impregnation with vinegar.

The manufacture of meat products includes those processes which prepare the product for consumption and

increase the stability, improve the texture, colour, and appearance of various meat items. Various processes

are employed depending upon the desired result. Various enzymatic, agents and other additives are often