Английский для студентов-экономистов. Часть 2 (стр. 2 )

Entrepreneur	person or company who tries to do better than another person or company
Competition	legal agreement between two people or organizations
Sale	the money that remains after all the expenses are paid
Contract	moving things from the place of production to the mar­ket place
Distribution	trying to do better than another company
Company	a businessperson, someone who starts and builds a business
Profit	exchange of a product or service for money
Competitor	registered business

VIII. Выберите подходящее из выделенных слов и вставьте его в предложение.

1. production/ produced/productive/product

A. In 1992, China____________500 thousand metric tons of rice.

B. The ___________ phase encompasses product research and development, purchase of materials, and manufacturing.

C. Our___________is so successful that we are rapidly running out of stock.

D. Jim proved to be very_______________.

2. distribution/ distributor/ distribute

A. Factory representatives_____________products to wholesalers and retailers.

B. Moving a truckload of apples from the orchard to the supermarket is an example of_____________.

С British Leyland is an importer and___________by trade.

3. sales/ sell/ sale

A. How efficiently a company_____________its products will in large measure determine its success.

B. A company's annual report includes the____________figures for the current fiscal year.

C. Sam got a___________with one of the top manufacturers.

4. profits/ profit/ profitable

A. The farm is a highly___________business.

B. The company explores natural resources to its own____________.

C._____________have only slightly increased, therefore we have had to cut further investment.

5. allocated/ allocation/ allocate

A. The company's management can___________resources properly.

B. The resources to be____________are scarce.

C. A manager should monitor the___________of responsibilities.

IX. Классифицируйте реальные жизненные ситуации соглас­но предложенной схеме.

• production of goods

• rendering services

• distribution of goods

• sale of goods

• sale of services

Examples:

A refinery turns oil into gasoline.

The gasoline is moved to the gas station.

A gas station sells gasoline to a customer.

An auto mechanic repairs a car.

A truck moves spare parts across the country.

A waiter takes your order for dinner.

A farmer grows vegetables.

A warehouse keeps these books before a bookstore.

A secretary answers incoming calls.

A newsagent sells you The Guardian.

A barber cuts hair.

A chemical plant converses raw materials into fertilizers.

X. Напишите производные от глаголов слова согласно пред­ложенной схеме. Первый дан как образец.

Глагол	Существитель­ное (понятие)	Существитель­ное (агент)	Прилагательное/ причастие
Produce	Production	Producer	Productive
Consume
Distribute
Sell
Profit
Perform
Allocate
Own
	Entrepreneurship

XI. Прочитав текст, выберите правильный ответ на следу­ющие вопросы.

Corporations

The purpose of a business corporation an institution is making profit. It is operated by individuals. Their shares are represented by stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stock­holder.

There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. First is the ability to accumulate financial resources. The second advantage — the corporation can raise a large amount of capital and invest in plants, equipment and research. And the third, a corporation can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists.

The privately owned business corporations is one type of corporation. There are some other types too. Educational, religious, charity institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporations do not issue stocks and are nonprofit. If there is a profit, it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed among the private stockholders.

In some western countries federal government and special agencies can establish government corporations. A few examples of these are state universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities. Governmental corporations are non-profit as a rule and do not issue stock certificates.

1. The owners of a business corporation are_____________

A. State

B. Individuals

С. Employees

D. Management

2. A person who owns a stock certificate is called______________

A. Stockkeeper

B. Stockowner

С. Stockholder

D. Stockproprietor

3. Each corporation_____________

A. may issue stock certificate

B. is profitable

С. must issue stock certificates

D. issues stock certificates.

XII. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Представление о бизнесе расширилось в настоящее время. 2. Традиционно это слово распространено во многих языках. 3. Производство означает превращение в товары материалов или услуг. 4. Транспортировка — это перемещение товаров от произ­водителя к потребителю. 5. Продажа товаров и услуг — это обмен их на деньги. 6. Обязательным элементом бизнеса есть получение прибыли. 7. Прибыль — это деньги, остающиеся после оплаты всех расходов. 8. Прибыль — главная цель коммерческого предприя­тия. 9. Существуют три основные формы организации бизнеса. 10. Бизнесом могут заниматься как физические, так и юридичес­кие лица.

Тема 9

МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите и выучите не­знакомые слова.

Functions of Management

There is a statement: "Management is getting work done through people." Most of achievements in any society take place because groups of people get involved in joint effort. Almost everyone is, was, or someday will be a manager, i. e. the person who coordinates human, information, physical, and financial resources of an organization. In order to perform their functions adequately, managers need interpersonal, organizational, and technical skills.

Management is a team of managers who are in charge of the organization at different levels. Regardless of the specific job, most managers perform five basic functions:

• Planning

• Organizing

• Staffing

• Directing

• Controlling.

Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these goals can best be achieved. Managers consider alternative plans before choosing a specific course of action at all managerial levels. Planning is listed the first management function because the others depend on it. However, even as managers move on to perform other functions, planning continues as goals and alternatives are further evaluated and revised.

Organizing, the second management function, is putting the plan into action. Organizing involves allocating resources, especially human resources, so that the objectives can be attained; creating new positions and determining responsibilities. Staffing, i. e. choosing the right person for the right job, is also a part of the organizing function.

Fourth is the day-to-day direction and supervision of employees. In directing, managers guide, teach, and motivate people so that they reach their potential abilities, and at the same time achieve the company goals set in the planning stage.

At last managers control and evaluate how well overall company objectives are being met. If there are any problems and objectives are not being met, changes need to be made in the company's organizational, or managerial, structure. In making changes, managers might have to go back and replan, reorganize, and redirect. Effective managers achieve the goals of the company through a successful combination of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

Personal business management is a one-semester course for the high school students. Its purpose is to provide students with a variety of tools necessary to meet future needs — making career decisions, managing money, providing economic security, managing credit, and keeping up to date with technology. It is useful for all the students for better understanding and adaptating to the financial world they will enter. A student examines his or her societal and personal expectations, needs and wants, controls and restraints both for the present and future. The emphasis is made on decision-making skills, planning and analysis. The informed person is better able to draw maximum benefit and is well-adjusted to the social, economic, and technological changes.

II. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is management?

2. What are managerial tasks/goals?

3. Why is planning the first managerial function?

4. What are the other managerial functions?

5. How do the managers achieve the goals of a company?

6. What kind of skills must a manager have?

7. What is Personal Business Management?

8. Is it necessary to introduce this subject in Russia?

Комментарий

III. Запомните эти слова и составьте с ними предложения.

Nouns	Существительные
management	Менеджмент
manager	Менеджер
team	коллектив, команда, группа
position	должность (позиция)
planning	Планирование

Nouns	Существительные
organization	организация (работы, процесса)
staffing	подбор и расстановка кадров
directing	инструктирование и надзор
supervision	инструктирование, надзор и контроль
control(ling)	Контроль
objective	Задача
goal	Цель
alternative	Альтернатива
course of action	курс действий
human resources	человеческие ресурсы
personal expectation	самооценка с точки зрения перспектив
restrain	Ограничение
Verbs	Глаголы
be in charge (of)/ be responsible (for)	нести ответственность
evaluate	Оценивать
set	Устанавливать
move on	продолжать на следующем этапе
attain	Достигать
allocate	выделять, распределять (ресурсы)
guide	наставлять, ориентировать
motivate	Мотивировать
revise	пересматривать с целью улучшить
Adjectives and Adverbs	Прилагательные и наречия
managerial	Управленческий
organizational	Организационный
interpersonal	Межличностный
overall	общий, в целом
regardless of	несмотря на
adequately	Адекватно
societal	Социальный

IV. Запомните толкование этих слов на английском языке.