16. Tomorrow at 5 o’clock Peter and Mary (to be) in the yard.
17. When your sister (to be) at home?
18. My sister (to be) a student last year, but she (to be) a doctor now.
19. When the train (to stop), I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) any of my friends there.
20. We were greatly surprised not to find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister (to forget) to give her our message, and Ann (to leave) the house fifteen minutes before we (to come).
II. Переделайте предложения в активном залоге в предложения в страдательном залоге.
Образец:
The stone broke the window. - The window was broken by the stone.
1. He offered me a chair.
2. We gave him all the money.
3. Mother promised the boy a new toy.
4. Nobody has told me the news yet.
5. They asked us to be there at eight o’clock.
6. Mary caught the ball.
7. She learned the poem.
8. The boy broke the window.
9. Sam wrote this letter.
10. Mother cooked the dinner.
11. Tom threw the stone.
12. Sam had taken the ball
13. I bought this book yesterday
14. Snow will cover the ground
15. I am writing a new book
III. Поставьте глагол в правильной форме, согласно правилам согласования
Времен
1. I thought that she ---- knew that he had taken the first place in the chess tournament. (to know)
2. John sold vegetables that he -to raise)
3. Renee - had washed the car when George arrived. (to wash)
4. The teacher told the children that water --- at 100 degrees centigrade. (to boil)
5. He refused to go to the theatre as he ------- an examination in English in a few days. (to have)
6. He once stronger than he ------- now. (to be/ to be)
7. It not so cold yesterday as it ---- today. (to be/ to be)
8. It is necessary that he us the documents. (to send)
9. I am not satisfied with what I ----- (to do).
10. We have never discovered who ---- it. (to do)
11. He has said that he a letter yesterday. (to receive)
12. He has said that he a letter. (to receive)
13. Mary knows that you ----- busy. (to be)
14. Once you ------ something, you cannot take it back. (to say)
15. If you want to show another person your feelings, never a letter. (to write)
IV. Переведите предложения на английский язык, определите тип условного предложения
Образец:
Мы бы подписали контракт, если бы нам дали хорошую скидку. – We would have
signed the contract if they had given us a good discount. (условное предложение III типа)
1. Если бы Арина пришла, я был бы рад.
2. Если бы Элеонора знала адрес гражданина Чернова, она бы посетила его во время своего визита в Минск.
3. Если Стив придет, покажите ему этот доклад.
4. Если бы у моего брата было время сейчас, он бы помог им.
5. Он мог бы это сделать, если бы попытался.
6. Вы могли бы застать его там, если бы зашли в шесть часов.
7. Если бы я видела его вчера, я бы спросила его об этом.
8. Если бы вы работали усерднее в прошлом году, вы бы теперь хорошо знали английский язык.
9. Мы будем подписывать контракт, если нам будут предоставлены выгодные скидки.
10. Если бы я была принцессой, я бы жила во дворце.
V. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на
наклонение.
Образец:
Управляющий вошел в офис, сел за письменный стол и начал просматривать утреннюю
почту. – The manager entered the office, sat down at his desk, and began to look through the
morning mail. (Indicative Mood)
1. Прекратите же драться, ребята!
2. Всем расслабиться!
3. Прошлой зимой я проводил много времени в библиотеке.
4. Если бы мы так много знали о ней, мы бы знали и о Монике.
5. Я сказал, что уже напишу письмо к пяти часам.
6. Желательно, чтобы он был здесь в пять часов.
7. Смотрите, не захлопните дверь при выходе.
8. Было необходимо, чтобы они приняли меры немедленно.
9. Мы переведем статью к пяти часам.
10. Он сказал, что он уже сдаст экзамены к первому июля.
\
Часть 4
Составьте резюме для устройства на работу.
Variant 3
Часть 1
More Bold Automotive Ides Intelligent Wheels
Sophisticated electronics are playing a big role in current automotive research. One of the latest applications is the "intelligent" wheel-computerized systems that continually monitor the air pressure of automobile tires and alert drivers if their tires are over - or under inflated. Neotech Industries of Dallas is developing a digital electronic monitoring system. Another firm, Technical Guidance Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif., has devised a product that not only monitors air pressure in tires but adjusts it automatically. The system, called entire control, also enables a driver to set tire pressure while seated. Technical Guidance claims entire control, which is still being tested, will enhance the safety and fuel efficiency of a car.
Entire control consists of three separate modules. The first is the dashboard display, which houses the system's main microprocessor, programming buttons and warning signals. It contains a tire-pressure display, which provides psi (pounds per square inch) readings for the front and back tires (in pairs); tire-positions indicators that light up when a tire is losing pressure; selectors that establish optimum tire pressure for city and highway driving; and buttons for setting specific tire pressure (within pre-programmed limits). The second component is the detector/drive module — which is essentially four microchips attached, in one unit, to the chassis. Each chip "faces" a tire and detects pressure changes that may occur. When they do, transistors within the module signal the third component - a programmable actuator transducer (PAT), which is attached to each wheel and inflates or deflates the tire. It includes half-inch-thick tubes containing compressed carbon dioxide that surround the inside of the wheel and connect to a mixing valve. If there is a hole in the tire and it cannot be inflated, the system will alert the driver.
I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова
на английский язык.
водитель –
шина –
эффективность –
дюйм –
колесо –
давление воздуха –
топливо –
сдуваться, спускаться –
безопасность –
смесительный клапан –
II. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.
1. What kind of computerized system can monitor the air or pressure of automobile tires?
2. What enterprises are developing automotive monitoring systems?
3. Is it possible to apply these systems for regulating traffic?
4. What is the latest application of the "intelligent" wheel-computerized systems?
5. Does entire control system enable a driver to set tire pressure while seated?
6. What will entire control system do if there is a hole in the tire and it cannot be inflated?
III. Письменно переведите абзац 2 на русский язык.
Часть 2
Mechanical Power
Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission in all but the very shortest distances. From the 16th century through the industrial revolution to the end of the 19th century mechanical power transmission was the norm. The oldest long-distance power transmission technology involved systems of push-rods connecting waterwheels to distant mine-drainage and brine-well pumps. A surviving example from 1780 exists at Bad Kösen that transmits power approximately 200 meters from a waterwheel to a salt well, and from there, an additional 150 meters to a brine evaporator. This technology survived into the 21st century in a handful of oilfields in the US, transmitting power from a central pumping engine to the numerous pump-jacks in the oil field.
Factories were fitted with overhead line shafts providing rotary power. Short line-shaft systems were described by Agricola, connecting a waterwheel to numerous ore-processing machines. While the machines described by Agricola used geared connections from the shafts to the machinery, by the 19th century, drive belts would become the norm for linking individual machines to the line shafts. One mid 19th century factory had 1,948 feet of line shafting with 541 pulleys.
Mechanical power may be transmitted directly using a solid structure such as a driveshaft; transmission gears can adjust the amount of torque or force vs. speed in much the same way an electrical transformer adjusts voltage vs current.
Hydraulic systems use liquid under pressure to transmit power; canals and hydroelectric power generation facilities harness natural water power to lift ships or generate electricity. Pumping water or pushing mass uphill with (windmill pumps) is one possible means of energy storage. London had a hydraulic network powered by five pumping stations operated by the London Hydraulic Power Company, with a total effect of 5 MW.
Pneumatic systems use gasses under pressure to transmit power; compressed air is commonly used to operate pneumatic tools in factories and repair garages. A pneumatic wrench (for instance) is used to remove and install automotive tyres far more quickly than could be done with standard manual hand tools. A pneumatic system was proposed by proponents of Edison's direct current as the basis of the power pressed air generated at Niagara Falls would drive far away generators of DC power. The War of Currents ended with alternating current (AC) as the only means of long distance power transmission.
I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите эти предложения на русский язык.
передача энергии –
механическая энергия –
водяное колесо –
приблизительно –
соляной выпариватель –
нефтяное месторождение –
трансмиссионный вал –
карданный вал –
хранение –
единая энергосистема –
II. Письменно выполните перифраз второго абзаца.
III. Поставьте к тексту пять вопросов разных типов.
Часть 3
I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в нужной форме
1. Mary (to break) her mother’s favourite vase.
2. Peter and Sasha (to watch) TV set at the moment.
3. My mother (to look) for her glasses at 7 p. m. yesterday?
4. My friend (not to live) in Moscow, he (to live) in Sochi.
5. When the train (to stop), I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) any of my friends there.
6. I (to send) them the telegram and hoped that they (to meet) me.
7. As I (to discover) later, they (to receive) it ten minutes before the train arrived and could not meet me.
8. We were greatly surprised not to find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister (to forget) to give her our message, and Ann (to leave) the house fifteen minutes before we (to come).
9. I decided not to put on my raincoat as it (to stop) raining already and the sun (to shine) brightly.
10. The performance already (to begin), and they (to have) to wait till the first act (to be) over.
11. Nina never (to be) here before and she (to like) the theatre very much.
12. I did not recognize Helen as I (not to see) her for a very long time and she greatly (to change).
13. When the teacher told the boy to recite the poem? The boy (to burst) into tears: he (not to remember), though he (to try) to learn his lesson so hard.
14. When we (to come) to the station, our train already (to leave), and we (to have) to wait for two hours before another one (to come).
15. My mother and sister (to talk) at 7 o’clock yesterday morning?
16. My wish (to be) to become an artist, that is why I (to study) at the Arts Academy.
17. Everybody (to be) in the garden.
18. He (to go) to the theatre tomorrow.
19. Look! Kate (to go) to school.
20. At 5 o’clock last week she (to learn) to drive the car.
II. Переделайте предложения в активном залоге в предложения в страдательном залоге.
Образец:
The stone broke the window. - The window was broken by the stone.
1. Yablochkov invented the electric lamp.
2. Mary had helped John before Mother came.
3. Richard threw a stone.
4. They offered me a chair.
5. He got all the money.
6. A mother promised a new toy to the boy.
7. The snow will cover the ground.
8. The twister left a path of destruction.
9. Kathy chose James to be her assistant.
10. Software Workshop hosted many fine sites.
11. They asked us to be there at eight o’clock.
12. Mary caught the ball.
13. The children of Sparta got a military education.
14. They will complete the experiments by the end of this week.
15. She looked after her little sister when her mother was at work.
III. Поставьте глагол в правильной форме, согласно правилам согласования времен
1. He once stronger than he ------- now. (to be/ to be)
2. It not so cold yesterday as it ---- today. (to be/ to be)
3. It is necessary that he us the documents. (to send)
4. I am not satisfied with what I ----- (to do).
5. We have never discovered who ---- it. (to do)
6. He has said that he a letter yesterday. (to receive)
7. He has said that he a letter. (to receive)
8. Mary knows that you ----- busy. (to be)
9. Once you ------ something, you cannot take it back. (to say)
10. If you want to show another person your feelings, never a letter. (to write)
11. He spoke so fast that I not follow him. (can)
12. His health has improved since he from the hills. (return)
13. He kept quite that he please me. (may)
14. Who told you that goats ------ on grass? (to live)
15. He said that he not believe it even if he saw it with his own eyes. (would)
IV. Переведите предложения на английский язык, определите тип условного предложения
Образец:
Мы бы подписали контракт, если бы нам дали хорошую скидку. – We would have
signed the contract if they had given us a good discount. (условное предложение III типа)
1. Если бы я жил во дворце, у меня бы ли бы слуги, которые бы обслуживали меня.
2. Если бы я был богат, я бы отправился в кругосветное путешествие.
3. Что бы ты делал, если бы твой ребенок свалился в воду?
4. Если я не буду много гулять, я смогу больше поработать.
5. Вечером, когда я приду домой, я приму ванну.
6. Если бы я видела его вчера, я бы спросила его об этом.
7. Ecли на выходных будет дождь, я останусь дома.
8. Если я пойду за покупками, я куплю газету.
9. Если бы я был в Вашингтоне, я бы увидел Белый Дом.
10. Что бы ты делал, если бы увидел приведение?
V. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на
наклонение.
Образец:
Управляющий вошел в офис, сел за письменный стол и начал просматривать утреннюю
почту. – The manager entered the office, sat down at his desk, and began to look through the
morning mail. (Indicative Mood)
1. Вы работали в этом банке с 1999?
2. Он предложил, чтобы вопрос был обсужден на следующем собрании.
3. Не ждите.
4. Он живет в Москве пять лет.
5. Они покрыли товары брезентом, чтобы они не были повреждены дождем.
6. Непременно приходите к нам сегодня вечером.
7. Как бы я хотел бы, чтобы он был с нами!
8. Пусть Мария сходит за словарем.
9. Берегите себя, пожалуйста.
10. Я думаю, что так много любви могло бы вас убить.
Часть 4
Составьте резюме для устройства на работу.
Variant 4
Часть 1
Advantages and disadvantages
In the United States the car is now used for about 98% of all urban transportation, 85% of all travel to and from work. In widely dispersed American cities like L-A, Detroit, Denver, Phoeuix and Houston, 88% to 94% of the people drive to and from work. The number of cars and trucks in the USA is growing twice as fast as the number of people. With only 48% of the word's people, the US has 1/3 of the word's 400 mil. contrast, China and India, with 37% the world's people, have only 0,5% of its cars.
In America's dispersed cities cars are not just a necessity, they are a way of life. The average distance each US motorist travels has doubled since 1960. No wonder British author J. B.Priestley remarked, "In America, the cars have become the people." Though we tend to deny it, riding in cars is one of the most dangerous things we do in our daily lives. Worldwide, cars and trucks kill an average of 320,000 people, maim 500,000 and injure 10 million a year. Half of the world's people will be involved in an accident some time during their life. Each year the USA motor vehicle accidents kill around 48,000 people and seriously injure at least 300,000. These accident cost society about $ 60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance, administrative, and legal expenses.
By providing almost unlimited mobility, automobiles and highways have been a major factor in urban sprawl in the US and other countries with large livable land areas. This dispersal of cities has made it increasingly difficult for subways, trolleys, and buses to be economically feasible alternatives to the private car.
In the US motor vehicles account for 63% of the country's oil consumption (up from 50% in 1973) and produce at least 50% of the country's air pollution, even though US emission standards are as strict as any in the world. Motor vehicle use is also responsible for water pollution from oil spills, gasoline spills, and the dumping of used engine oil. What do you think should be done?
I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова
на английский язык.
городской транспорт –
повреждать –
потребление нефти –
страховка –
грузовик –
расстояние –
автомобиль –
опасный –
в среднем –
авария –
II. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.
1. What is the percentage of using the car of all urban transportation in the United States?
2. Where do people go by a car in the USA and what is the percentage of using the car in this case?
3. What are the contrasts between the USA and China and India in using the cars?
4. What is motor vehicles the country's oil consumption in the US?
5. What kinds of pollution do cars produce in the USA?
6. What do you think should be done in the USA with the cars?
III. Письменно переведите абзацы 3, 4 на русский язык.
Часть 2
A Diesel Engine
A diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition engine and sometimes capitalized as Diesel engine) is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber during the final stage of compression. This is in contrast to spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline), which uses a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. The diesel engine is modeled on the Diesel cycle. The engine and thermodynamic cycle were both developed by Rudolf Diesel in 1897.
The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency of any regular internal or external combustion engine due to its very high compression ratio. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) often have a thermal efficiency which exceeds 50 percent.
Diesel engines are manufactured in two stroke and four stroke versions. They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s they have been used in submarines and ships. Use in locomotives, large trucks and electric generating plants followed later. In the 1930s, they slowly began to be used in a few automobiles. Since the 1970s, the use of diesel engines in larger on-road and off-road vehicles in the USA increased. As of 2007, about 50 percent of all new car sales in Europe are diesel.
Diesel engines have several advantages over other internal combustion engines: they burn less fuel than a petrol engine performing the same work, due to the engine's higher temperature of combustion and greater expansion ratio. The life of a diesel engine is generally about twice as long as that of a petrol engine. They generate less waste heat in cooling and exhaust. The low vapor pressure of diesel is especially advantageous in marine applications, where the accumulation of explosive fuel-air mixtures is a particular hazard.
I. Переведите выделенные слова на русский язык. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, в котором употреблено данное слово. Переведите эти предложения на русский язык.
дизельный двигатель –
внутреннее сгорание –
камера сгорания –
бензин –
тепловой кпд –
превышать –
паровой двигатель –
продажи –
выхлоп –
морской –
II. Письменно выполните перифраз четвертого абзаца.
III. Поставьте к тексту пять вопросов разных типов.
Часть 3
I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в нужной форме
1. He (to play) the guitar at the concert tomorrow evening.
2. Why you (to decide) to become a writer?
3. Mary (to break) her mother’s favourite vase.
4. Peter and Sasha (to watch) TV set at the moment.
5. My mother (to look) for her glasses at 7 p. m. yesterday?
6. What book you (to read) now?
7. He (not to play) chess every day.
8. He (to go) for a walk after dinner
9. I decided not to put on my raincoat as it (to stop) raining already and the sun (to shine) brightly.
10. The performance already (to begin), and they (to have) to wait till the first act (to be) over.
11. Nina never (to be) here before and she (to like) the theatre very much.
12. My mother and sister (to talk) at 7 o’clock yesterday morning?
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