The Glossary of Electronic Business Terms (стр. 7 )

SEPP – Secure Electronic Payment Protocol

Session key

A key that the client generates for each session, encrypts it with the server’s public key, and sends it to the server to be used by both the client and the server for encrypting all transactions for a this session.

SET – Secure Electronic Transaction

Shared single key – see symmetric cryptography.

Shopping bag – see shopping basket

Shopping basket

An interface that allows consumers to select merchandise; review what they have selected and running total of the amount of money spent; make necessary modifications or additions; and purchase the merchandise. This convenient metaphor (also called a shopping cart or a shopping bag) is used by most e-business shopping sites. Some shopping basket can remember the buyer's selection between sessions; this capability is known as a persistent shopping basket. Shopping baskets can be sold as independent pieces of software so companies can integrate them into their own unique online solution, or they can be offered as a feature from a service that will create and host a company's e-commerce site.

Shopping cart – see shopping basket

Shopping network

A system of multiple merchants that exists in a single shopping area on the Internet or commercial online service. Customer may purchase from multiple vendors but will be billed by a single entity.

S-HTTP – Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Signature – see electronic signature, digital signature

Simple Public Key Infrastructure (SPKI)

An alternative to the X.509 standard for digital certificates proposed by the IETF.

Site wallet

Wallet that stores personal profiles at an individual Web site and thus provides convenience when conducting business with individual merchants. Nevertheless it does not support the consumer that conducts business at many different sites.

Smart card

A plastic card that contains electronic memory (memory card), and possibly an embedded integrated circuit (integrated circuit card) with a microprocessor. Smart cards are used for a variety of purposes, including: identification, storage and communication of cardholder - or merchant-specific information or special-purpose processing used to validate personal identification numbers (PINs), authorise purchases, verify account balances and store personal records. Smart Cards may act as electronic wallets for digital money, and be used for authentication key storage and processing. In some cases, the memory in the card is updated every time the card is used (e. g. an account balance is updated). Smart Cards allow the easy transportation and physical security of data and processing capability. They may be used with computers and mobile telephones to enable secure transaction from any location.

Smart Card Forum (SCF)

Industry association supported by manufacturers and suppliers that focuses on applications and business issues.

SPKI – Simple Public Key Infrastructure

Spoke partner

The partners (buyers or suppliers) that are trading with the hub partner and may be with each other.

SSL – Secure Sockets Layer

Sticky: A website quality referring to the amount of time a visitor stays at the site. A sticky site is one with longer than average visit times. An average web page visit is five minutes.

Stored value card

A prepaid card used to purchase goods and services, usually of low cost. The stored amount of money can be increased as well as reduced as each transaction is made. See also electronic purse.

Stored-value smart card

A card that contains a microchip, and can be used for Internet purchases if users’ computers are outfitted with card readers.

Streaming: Technology that allows the user to play audio or video as the audio/video data is downloading.

Supply Chain Management (SCM): The process of optimizing delivery of goods, services and information from supplier to customer. SCM is a set of business processes that encompasses a trading-partner community engaged in a common goal of satisfying the end customer.

Super smart card

Smart card with a key pad and a visual display allowing the user to manage the card's processing functions.

Supply chain

A network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers.

Supply chain management (SCM)

The delivery of enhanced value through synchronised management of product flow from sourcing through to consumption.

Symmetric cryptography

Symmetric Key Cryptography, also known as secret or private-key cryptography, uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt messages. This key is known by both parties but kept secret. The key may not be transmitted over the same insecure channel, as the encrypted message, so a secure communications method is required. Moreover, each pair of parties requires a unique key and thus the number of keys rapidly increases when the number of parties grows. In contrast with this kind of cryptography, use of a public-key algorithm eliminates the complexity of handling the large number of secret keys. However, one drawback of public-key algorithms is that they are considerably slower to execute than symmetric-key algorithms. Therefore, a document often is encrypted with a symmetric-key algorithm using a randomly generated symmetric-key. The encrypted document then is "hashed," producing a unique signature from the document, the size of which is much less than of the document. The most common secret key algorithms include the DES (Data Encryption Standard) which is used in current banking systems to encrypt PIN numbers, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), or Triple-DES. See also encryption, hash function.

T

Targeting

Aiming a message to a specific audience, e. g., car-owners,investment companies, children, etc.

TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

Telework

Work carried out at a distance from the place where the work results are needed or where the work would conventionally have been done. This way of work performance is based on using telecommunications and information technologies. This definition covers home, mobile or "telecottage"-based teleworkers employed by an organisation, independent workers and teleservice companies offering specific services to both firms and individuals.

Time stamp

A digitally signed notation appended or attached to a message: a digital signature, or certificate indicating at least the date and time the notation was appended or attached, and the identity of the person appending or attaching the notation.

Token device

In particular, a physical device, e. g., a smart card, that is used as an authentication token.

Transaction processing

As related to commerce, the process of receiving an order, verifying the method of payment, and sending the requested product.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) /

A family of protocols for data transmission between different types of computers and networks that are connected to the Internet.

TRUSTe

The partnership of companies that seeks to promote the mass adoption of electronic commerce by putting a Good Housekeeping-style seal of approval on sites that don't violate consumer privacy.

U

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

The standard for specifying an address of any resource (site, page, graphic, or document) on the Internet.

URL – Uniform Resource Locator

User profile

Information about the user obtained through user registration and used to personalise his work environment. See explicit profiling, implicit profiling, personalisation.

V

Valid certificate

A certificate which: (1) is issued by a licensed certification authority,;authority; (2) is accepted by the subscriber listed,;listed; (3) has not been revoked or suspended,; andsuspended; and (4) has not expired.

Value-added network (VAN)

A service provider that leases channels from communications common carriers, adds services (such as packet switching, electronic mail, transmission and storage of EDI information, and protocol conversion) to the leased channels, then re-lease the channels to others. VAN services include transmission of data and transactions and typically include: 1. message storing and forwarding (“mailboxes”); 2. security; 3. logging, auditing, and reporting; 4. customer support; 5. error detection and correction; 6. subscriber directory; 7. service-level agreements. In a typical EDI scenario, trading partners exchange purchase orders and invoices electronically from computer to computer, usually, over a value-added panies engaging in sending and receiving EDI documents use these VAN as an electronic post office. The buyer sends their EDI Purchase Orders to a VAN, who routs the orders to the appropriate suppliers electronic mailbox. The supplier connects to the VAN and to its mailbox, and receives the orders from the buyers. The same scenario is followed when the supplier sends an EDI invoice to the retailer. VAN also provides verification and confirmation of the transaction, insuring security and quality control of the data processed.

Value Based Management (VBM)

An approach to management which provides a focus on the value of the company through encouragement of value added activities throughout the entire organisation with main purpose to create value for the shareholders. Changing the culture of an organisation, co-ordination of the company’s strategies and tools and re-aligning the activities of all employees with main purpose to enhance shareholder wealth. Is based on a "future cash flow approach". Economic Value Added (EVA) is one of the key measures of performance used by VBM.

Value driver

Key factor which drive the creation of "value" in an organisation. In most publicly quoted companies "value" will equate to shareholder value, with the drivers thus becoming the key factors driving shareholder return.

VAN – value-added network

VBM – Value Based Management

Vertical Hub: A B2B hub focusing on a vertical market or industry. Vertical hubs focus on energy, steel, telecommunications, paper, plastics, etc and provide deep domain-specific content and domain-specific relationships for customers.

Virtual bank

A bank that serves consumers over the Internet and through automated teller machines.

Virtual bank office

A three dimensional representation on the Internet of a bank office where customers can obtain information and conduct many of the transactions possible at a real bank.

Virtual company

(1) A group of skilled people who form a company but are separated by boundaries and often work from their homes rather than an actual office building. (2) Partnering companies or group of people that specialise in particular functions and come together to form a temporary or permanent company for performing particular tasks. (3) A large company that outsources many of its important functions through joint ventures or by partnering with other companies.

Virtual mall – see electronic mall

Virtual point of sale system – see payment server

Virtual safe deposit box

A service that provides secure online storage of important or confidential electronic documents.

Virtual store

Commercial Web site that allows customers to browse the products.

Virtual value chain

Value chain of a company using e-business technologies that focuses on its core activities and outsources the other activities.

Visit

The act of accessing a Web site and viewing a Web page. Usually a series of page requests (revisits) by a visitor within 30 minutes is considered as one visit.

Visitor

A person who accesses and views a Web page.

W

Wallet – see electronic wallet

Wallet technology

Technology providing electronic wallets or purses on the computers of merchants and customers to be used for payment by electronic cash.

Web – see World Wide Web

Web browser

The software that allows a user to access, present, and print HTML documents and perform navigation in the World Wide Web.

Web document

An HTML document that is accessible on the Web.

Web of Trust – see network of trust, certification hierarchy

Web page

A block of data (HTML file identified by a URL) that is available on the Web site.

Web Site: A collection of files accessed through a Web address, covering a particular theme or subject, and managed by a particular person or organization. Its opening page is called a home page. A Web site resides on servers connected to the Web network and is able to format and send information requested by worldwide users 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Web sites typically use the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) to format and present information and to provide navigational facilities that make it easy for the user to move within the site and around the Web.

Web storefront – see electronic shopfront

Webcasting

The broadcasting of information over the Internet using the push technology. See netcasting.

Webertising

Advertising on the World Wide Web.

Webmaster

The system administrator of a Web site.

WebTrust

The WebTrust-ISP Seal of assurance symbolises to potential customers that an expert has evaluated the Internet service providers’ business practices and controls to determine whether they are in conformity with the WebTrust Principles and Criteria.

Wired logic card – see memory card

Work flow

The electronic routing of documents and data among people and business management systems.

World Wide Web (WWW, W3)

The global distributed hypertext-based information system using Internet.

X

XML – eXtensible Markup Language