Материалы для подготовки к сессии студентам 1 курса заочного обучения на 2016/2017 уч. год (стр. 10 )

The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading the people directly under them, who are called subordinates.

To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is make decisions without asking their manager.

VI. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is manager's role in an organization?

2. What concrete activities a production manager (financial manager, personnel

manager, marketing manager) is responsible for?

3. What is the difference between sales management and marketing

management?

4. What means to delegate authority?

Вариант 2

I. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы.

You shall do as I tell you. You ought to help your parents. Our country needs good specialists.

II. Составьте предложения используя глаголы в скобках.

Model. I advise him to attend lectures (ought) - He ought to attend lectures.

1.  I’m not sure he is her brother (can’t).

2.  He couldn’t swim when he was five (to be able to).

3.  It’s possible that he will win the race (might).

III. Переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на формы инфинитива.

He is glad to be working with you. We are sorry to have troubled you. I’ve got a call to make A graduate expected to be offered a good job. A thief was glad not to have been noticed.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните Complex Object.

I believe him to know this subject well. Do you think this work to be interesting?

3.  We expect everybody to come in time.

V. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

MANAGERS

There is a classic definition that "Leaders do the right thing and managers do things right." A more standard definition is usually something like "managers work toward the organization's goals using its resources in an effective and efficient manner." In a traditional sense, large organizations may have different levels of managers, including top managers, middle managers and first-line managers. Top (or executive) managers are responsible for overseeing the whole organization and typically engage in more strategic and conceptual matters, with less attention to day-to-day detail. Top managers have middle managers working for them and who are in charge of a major function or department. Middle managers may have first-line managers working for them and who are responsible to manage the day-to-day activities of a group of workers.

Note that there are different types of managers across the same levels in the organization. A project manager is in charge of developing a certain project, e. g., development of a new building. A functional manager is in charge of a major

function, such as a department in the organization, e. g., marketing, sales, engineering, finance, etc. A product manager is in charge of a product or service. Similarly, a product line manager is in charge of a group of closely related products. General managers are in charge of numerous functions within an organization or department.

What Do Managers Do?

There are four major functions of managers; planning, organizing, leading and

coordinating. What managers do is the following:

1) Planning,

including identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources needed to carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion of tasks. Examples of planning are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising and promotions planning, etc.

2) Organizing resources

to achieve the goals in an optimum fashion. Examples are organizing new departments, human resources, office and file systems, re-organizing businesses, etc.

3) Leading,

including to set direction for the organization, groups and individuals and also influence people to follow that direction. Examples are establishing strategic direction (vision, values, and goals) and using methods to pursue that direction.

4) Controlling, or coordinating,

the organization's systems, processes and structures to reach effectively and efficiently goals and objectives. This includes constant monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes and structures accordingly. Examples include use of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management processes, measures to avoid risks etc.

VI. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.  What are the four major functions of managers?

2.  What is planning? What are the kinds of planning?

3.  What are the examples of organizing the resources?

4.  What is "leading"?

5.  What is the function of "controlling"?

Вариант 3

I. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы.

The committee had to discuss a difficult problem. The students are to pass exams in time. We can’t find all the information in the computer.

II. Составьте предложения используя глаголы в скобках.

Model. I advise him to attend lectures (ought) - He ought to attend lectures.

1.  You are not allowed to use this tool (mustn’t).

2.  Do you want me to open the window (may)?

3.  I advise you to study better (should).

III. Переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на формы инфинитива.

The time was too short to fulfill the task. Not to answer at once would be to offend him. The main problem to discuss is how to contact him. The method to be applied is rather new. They wanted to be answered at once.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните Complex Object.

I consider him to be the best scientist in this field. The policeman ordered the criminal to be arrested. Do you want me to prepare a speech for the meeting?

V. Прочитайте и переведите текст

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Different economic systems answer the "what", "how" and "for whom" questions differently. The main economic systems today are capitalism, socialism, communism, mixed economies and traditional economies.

Capitalism - is an economic system characterized by private ownership of most resources, goods and services. Capitalism relies on the market system to allocate resources, goods and services to their most highly used value. In capitalist economy what to produce is determined by consumers, how to produce is determined by profitseeking entrepreneurs, who maximize profit by producing in the most sufficient manner, and for whom to produce is determined by income and prices.

In a capitalist system workers are generally paid according to how productive they are, and the distribution of income is unequal because people differ in their abilities.

Socialism - is an economic system characterized by government ownership of resources other than labour and centralized economic decision making. Under socialist system government authorities answer the "what", "how" and "for whom" questions. In socialist system government planners set wages and though wages are not equal for all workers, incomes tend to be more evenly distributed than in capitalist countries. In centrally planned economies government planners decide what goods will be produced and set the prices at which they are sold.

Communism - is an economic system in which all resources (including labour) are commonly owned and economic decisions making is centrally planned. According to communist theory, people contribute what they are able to the economy.

VI. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are the main economic systems today?

2. What economic system does private ownership of most resources, goods and services characterize?

3. Who determines what to produce in a capitalist economy? in a socialist economy?

4. Why is distribution of income unequal in a capitalist economy? What is it like in a socialist economy?

5. What economic system does government ownership of resources characterize? Does the government own labour in such systems?

6. How can you characterize centrally planned economies? What are their specific features?

7. What is the difference between socialist and communist economies?

but receive what they need. In theory, this means that goods are produced for use

11 rather than to earn profits and that everyone's needs are munist countries

have central planning boards that set prices.

Вариант 4

I. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы.

We must protect our nature. He could not describe his project at the previous lesson. You may take your seat.

II. Составьте предложения, используя глаголы в скобках.

Model. He is able to play chess (can) – He can play chess.

1.  It isn’t necessary to pay the bill now (need).

2.  We advise him to find a better job (ought).

3.  I’m not sure he is our director (can’t).

III. Переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на формы инфинитива.

1.  There is nothing to argue about.

2.  Here are the data to be processed.

3.  They are glad to have received a letter from his son.

4.  He was the last to arrive to the conference.

5.  It was difficult for me to find the right solution.