1913 the railway network of Russia consisted of 25 state lines and 13 private lines belonging to different companies. 2. Much attention is paid to planning the rail approaches to the station in order to the departing and arriving trains interfere each other as little as possible. 3. Cement can be transported in steel containers having about 960lb capacity. 4. The cost of operating a railway line depends on the weight of trains, quantity of stops, frequency of traffic and other factors. 5. Having tested the new locomotive, the engineers recommended it for series production.
III. Перепишите и переведите текст.
TEST OF THE LOCOMOTIVE
The locomotive is subjected to a series of adjusting tests in the factory which includes test bed tests of the various machines, assembles and equipment of the locomotive, tests of the locomotive under rheostatic load, as well as tests on the Ministry of Railways’ test tracks. The factory tests include tests of the diesel equipment, cooling devices of the diesel, of the system of hydraulic drive, of the system of centralized air supply of the electrical machines and apparatus, rectifier unit, etc. Testbed checks of the diesel generator for stability of parameters, efficiency and wear of the main units are made, as well as for stability of the physical and technical properties of the oil and water, made according to the country’s industrial standards. The tests are carried out for maximum permissible temperatures of the water and oil. The adjusting tests in the factory, the rheostatic tests and trial runs of the locomotive facilitate the establishing of the efficiency of all systems, equipment and the locomotive as a whole. Factory tests prepare the locomotive for service tests on the railways. The final stage of the factory tests of the new locomotive is service trial run with a passenger or freight train. During the period of preparation of the locomotive a group of specialists from the depot undergoes a special training course at the diesel locomotive plant and at other plants which manufacture components for the locomotive. Locomotive and depot repair crews also undergo training courses organized at the depot. Special groups for the engineers and technical staff are also organized. A group is organized at the depot called the Reliability Group whose task is the continuous control of the locomotive working, its fuel and lubrication consumption and other items of performance. The depot is supplied with the necessary manuals,
drawings and spare parts which facilitate the organization of the trial runs and servicing. Besides the inspection procedure additional tests of various equipment are carried out, mainly for future improvements of locomotive design.
ВАРИАНТ 6
I. Дайте развернутый письменный ответ на вопросы: 1.Как употребляется глагол to be в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени? 2. Какие типы вопросов вы знаете? Как они образуются?
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием - ed.
1. A water-powered engine is an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it and the current of a river turns it. 2. The new reclining seats with built-up TV-sets are installed in the modern streamlined carriages. 3. His unexpected arrival upset all my plans. 4. Rudolf Diesel designed an engine, which was one of the remarkable engineering achievements of the 20th century. 5. When first proposed, the project of constructing the Channel Tunnel seemed impracticable.
III. Перепишите и переведите текст.
MISTAKEN IDENTITY
(after M. Twain)
Several years ago I arrived in New York, where I was to change trains. There were crowds of people on the platform, and they were all trying to get into the long train, which was already packed. I asked the young man in the booking office if I could have a sleeping-berth and he answered “No”. I went off and asked another local official if I could have some poor little corner somewhere in a sleeping car, but he interrupted me angrily saying: “No, you can’t, every corner is full. Now do not bother me any more!” He turned his back and walked off. I felt so hurt that I said to my companion: “If these people knew who I was, they… .” But my companion stopped me there, - “Don’t talk such nonsense,” he said, “if they knew who you were, do you think it would help you to get a vacant seat in a train which has no vacant seats in it?”
This did not improve my mood at all but then I noticed that the porter of a sleeping car was looking at me. I saw the expression of his face suddenly change. He whispered to the conductor, pointing to me and I realized I was being talked about. Then the conductor came forward, his face all politeness. “Can I be of any service to you?” he asked. “Do you want a place in a sleeping car?’ “Yes,” I said. “I will be very grateful to you.” The conductor continued: “We have nothing left except the big family compartment with two berths and a couple of arm-chairs in it. It is entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these suitcases aboard!” Then he touched his hat and moved along. The porter made us comfortable in the compartment and then he said, bowing and smiling: “Is there anything you want, sir? You can have just anything you want.” “Good. This lamp is hung too high above the berth. Can I have a better lamp fixed just at the head of my bed below the luggage rack, so that I can read comfortably?” I asked. “Yes, sir. The lamp you want is just fixed in the next compartment. I will get it from there and fix it here. It will burn all night. Sir, you can ask for anything you want, the whole railroad will be turned inside out to please you.” And he disappeared. I smiled at my companion and said: “Well, what do you say now? Did their attitude
change the moment they understood I was Mark Twain?” My companion did not answer. As I was saying this, the porter’s smiling face appeared in the door way and this speech followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you the minute I set my eyes on you.” “Is that so, my boy?’ I said, handing him a good tip. “Who am I?” “Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” he said and disappeared again.
ВАРИАНТ 7
I. Дайте развернутый письменный ответ на вопросы: 1. Как употребляется оборот to be going to в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени? 2 Что такое местоимение? 3.Какие виды местоимений в английском языке вы знаете?
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием –ing.
1. Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the “night vision system”. 2. Having come to the terminal David bought the ticket and seeing that he had enough time left before boarding the train, went to look at the new theatre built near the station. 3. Remote control is a system for controlling machinery from a distance by radio signals. 4. The railway tunnel linking Great Britain and France was officially opened for traffic on May 7, 1994. 5. Fences and other devices are built for protecting the tracks against snow and for keeping the livestock away from the railway.
III. Перепишите и переведите текст.
OLD COUNTRY ADVICE TO THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER
(after W. Saroyan)
One day my uncle Melik was going to travel to New York. Before he got on the train his uncle Garro paid him a visit and told him about the dangers of travel. “When you get on the train,” the old man said, “choose your seat carefully, sit down and do not look about.” “Yes, sir,” my uncle said. “Several moments after the train begins to move,” the old man continued, “two men wearing uniforms will come to your compartment and ask you for your ticket. Ignore them. They will be imposters*.” “Yes, sir,” my uncle said. “Before you have traveled twenty miles, a young man will come to you and offer you a cigarette. Tell him you do not smoke. The cigarette will be doped.” “Yes, sir,” my uncle said. “On your way to the dining-car a very beautiful young woman will run into you**. She will be very attractive, and your natural wish will be to become friends with her. Don’t do this; the woman will be an adventuress.” “A what?” my uncle asked. “An adventuress,” the old man shouted. “If the beautiful woman sits at your table in the diner***, do not look into her eyes. If she speaks, pretend to be deaf.” “Yes, sir,” my uncle said. “On your way back to your seat from the diner,” the old man said, “you will pass through the smoker****. There you will find a game of cards in progress. The players will be three young men. One of them will invite you to join the game. Tell them you don’t speak English.” “Yes, sir,” my uncle said. “One thing more,” the old man said. “When you go to bed at night, take your money out of your pocket and put it in your shoe. Put your shoe under the pillow, keep your head on the pillow all night and don’t sleep. I have traveled. I know what I am talking about.” The old man went away and the next day my uncle Melik got on the train and went to New York. The two men in uniforms were not imposters, the young man with the doped cigarette did not appear, the beautiful young woman did not sit at his table in the diner, and there was no card game in progress in the smoker. My uncle put his money in the shoe, put his shoe under the pillow, put his head on the pillow, and did not sleep all night the first night, but the second night he decided to sleep. The second day he himself offered another young man a cigarette, which the other young man accepted. In the diner my uncle went to sit at a table with a young lady. He stared a card game in the smoker, and long before the train got to New York my uncle knew everybody aboard the train and everybody knew him. The journey was a very pleasant one. When my uncle came back from New York, his uncle Garro visited him again. “I see you are looking all right,” he said. “Did you follow my instructions?” “Yes, sir,” my uncle said.
Notes: *imposter – обманщик, самозванец
**to run into smb. – сталкиваться с кем-либо
***diner = dining car – вагон-ресторан
****smoker = smoking car – вагон для курящих
ВАРИАНТ 8
I. Дайте развернутый письменный ответ на вопросы: 1. Что такое предлог? Перечислите основные виды предлогов в английском языке. 2 Как употребляются предлоги места и времени, направления и движения?
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