II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием - ed.
1. Some of the arch bridges constructed by the Romans 2,000 years ago are still being used. 2. The electric power is transmitted from the powerhouse to the trains either by means of a third rail or by means of an overhead system of wires. 3. When packed in strong cases, the goods arrived in good condition. 4. New track machines purchased from Great Britain by Mozambique will be used for upgrading the Limpopo line in that country. 5. After the war the government granted great sums of money to renew the equipment and the roadbed of all the railways.
III. Перепишите и переведите текст.
IN THE COACH YARD
(after A. Saxton)
In the spring of that year, Pledger McAdams returned to his old job as car repairman in the coach yard of the Great Midland Railway. Through the long afternoons, he and his partner worked down in the wheel pit, fixing the axles and wheels of the damaged cars. Their young assistant gave them tools looking down and trying to follow the work. Pledger was glad to return to his trade again after three years. He was singing to pass the time, and as he worked, he looked forward to supper hour to eat the cake and sandwiches his wife had given him. When the eight o’clock whistle blew, Pledger went out of the pit, stretching and yawning. He and his assistant poured water on their hands, trying to wash the grease off. Pledger’s partner walked off into the coach yard, and returned after a few minutes with a bottle of coffee. They sat down on the bench outside the wheel pit house* to eat their sandwiches. In front of them, the workers’ gang was making up the midnight express. The coach cleaners scrubbed the sides of the cars with their long-handled brushes, while the Pullman commissary men** pushed along trucks loaded with bedding and food. From the rear of the train, Pledger saw the little car knocker*** going along the train, tapping the wheels with his hammer and flashing his lantern at the coupling connections. When the car knocker reached the head end of coaches the diesel locomotive arrived, and the car knocker eased it**** towards the train with motions of his lantern until the coupling knuckles***** clanged together. Then, setting his lantern on the ground, he crawled between the engine and the cars to hook up the air hose****** and safety chains*******. In the cab window, Pledger saw the engine driver leaning on his elbow smoking a pipe, while the night yard foreman stood around beside the engine, waving his arms and yelling. The car knocker came out from between the cars, blew out his lantern, and walked over to the bench by the wheel-pit house, where Pledger was waiting for him.
Notes: *wheel pit house – ремонтная мастерская
**Pullman commissary man – экипировщик спальных вагонов
***car knocker – осмотрщик вагонов
****to ease smth to smth – осторожно подвести что-либо к чему-либо
*****coupling knuckle – коготь автосцепки
******air hose – рукав (шланг) для сжатого воздуха
*******safety chain – предохранительная (запасная) цепь
ВАРИАНТ 9
I. Дайте развернутый письменный ответ на вопросы: 1.Как образуются дроби, проценты, степени в английском языке? 2. Перечислите основные математические действия на английском языке. 3. Какие способы словообразований вы знаете?
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов c окончанием - ing.
1. Engineers are trying to find the ways of reducing the cost of electrifying railways. 2. The Moscow railway junction, the largest terminal in our country, is equipped with up-to-date devices providing coordinated operation of all the services. 3. A fax machine is used for sending and receiving copies of original documents via a phone line. 4. When using continuous welded rails, we provide a smoother running of trains. 5. The car was moving very fast and a traffic cop stopped it for speeding.
III. Перепишите и переведите текст.
BEWARE OF SUBWAYS
(after G. Mikes)
New Yorkers have built a huge intricate subway system with the sole aim that you should not know how to get from one place to any other place. Last year I came to New York for the first time. I decided to use the subway instead of driving a car because so many people used cars that traffic was unbearably slow, and there were often jams on the roads. At Pennsylvania Station I boarded a subway train marked: 49th Street. It was exactly what I wanted. I started reading my newspaper and did not notice that at the next stop, at 42nd Street, all passengers got out, leaving me alone, in the whole train. The train started moving again but stopped in the tunnel and stayed there for about forty minutes. The conductor walked through the carriage 3 or 4 times, saw me but said nothing. On his next appearance I asked: “When do we reach 49th Street?” He laughed “49th Street? But we aren’t going to 49th Street.” “Excuse me, sir, but I saw a board on this train saying that it was going to 49th Street and it gave me the foolish idea that it might be going to 49th Street.” The conductor became indignant: “Everybody knows that you have to change trains at 42nd Street”, and he turned away from me with contempt in his heart. On another occasion, I asked the subway official* at the station called 8th Avenue how to get to Columbus Center. “Get on the train here,” he smiled “and get off at Columbus Center”. I took the train, reached the 50th Street and as Columbus Center is at 59th Street, I thought everything was going well. But then some irregularities occurred. We reached the station called 7th Avenue, then 5th Avenue. Then we did not stop for 15 minutes and finally reached 23rd Street. There I got out and told my story to an official. He laughed and explained to me that I should take an A train instead of F train or an E train instead of an A train. “But how could I know that?” I asked in despair. “Everybody knows that,” he retorted with a superior smile on his lips.
Notes: *subway official – работник метрополитена.
ВАРИАНТ 10
I. Дайте развернутый письменный ответ на вопросы: 1. Что такое модальный глагол? 2. Перечислите основные модальные глаголы и дайте им краткую характеристику. 3. Какие эквиваленты существуют у модальных глаголов?
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием - ed.
1. Before each flight, pilots ask for the information about the weather expected during the planned route. 2. Automatic block systems and centralized traffic control are widely used on the railways. 3. When mass-produced, the electric automobile will help solve ecological problems of big cities. 4. James Watt invented the first stationary steam engine in 1763 and installed it in a machine pumping out the water at a large mine. 5. Kerosene is a fuel used in jet engines.
III. Перепишите и переведите текст.
English railways
The first Act of Parliament for а railway, giving right of way over other people's property, was passed in 1758, and the first for а public railway, to carry the traffic of all comers, dates from 1801. The Stockton and Dailington Railway, opened on 27 September 1825, was the first public steam railway in the world, although it had only one locomotive and relied on horse traction for the most part, with stationary steam engines for working inclined planes.
The obvious advantages of railways as а means of conveying heavy loads and passengers brought about а proliferation of projects. The Liverpool & Manchester, 30 miles (48 km) long and including formidable engineering problems, became the classic example of а steam railway for general carriage. It opened on 15 September 1830 in the presence of the Duke of Wellington, who had been Prime Minister until earlier in the year. On opening day, the train stopped for water and the passengers alighted on to the opposite track; another locomotive came along and William Huskisson, an МР and а great advocate of the railway, was killed. Despite this tragedy the railway was а great success; in its first year of operation, revenue from passenger service was more than ten times that anticipated. Over 2500 miles of railway had been authorized in Britain and nearly 1500 completed by 1840.
Britain presented the world with а complete system for the construction and operation of railways. Solutions were found to civil engineering problems, motive power designs and the details of rolling stock. The natural result of these achievements was the calling in of British engineers to provide railways in France, where as а consequence left-hand running is still in force over many lines.
ВАРИАНТ 11
I. Дайте развернутый письменный ответ на вопросы: 1. Что такое действительный или активный залог? 2. Как образуются настоящее, прошедшее и будущее время в активном залоге в английском языке? 3. Что такое пассивный или страдательный залог? Укажите как образуются времена в этом залоге в английском языке.
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов с окончанием - ed.
1. A water-powered engine is an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it and the current of a river turns it. 2. The new reclining seats with built-up TV-sets are installed in the modern streamlined carriages. 3. His unexpected arrival upset all my plans. 4. Rudolf Diesel designed an engine, which was one of the remarkable engineering achievements of the 20th century. 5. When first proposed, the project of constructing the Channel Tunnel seemed impracticable.
III. Перепишите и переведите текст.
RAILROAD MODERNIZATION
Like their younger competitors, the railroads have become specialized carriers that concentrate on the types of transportation for which they are best suited. Railroads are particularly efficient at moving large volumes of bulk commodities such as coal or ore over long distances and transporting marine containers and piggyback highway trailers. Railroads are also efficient at carrying commuter passengers between suburbs and city centers and providing comfortable, fast intercity passenger services.
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