Английский язык (стр. 3 )

a) were not able

b) can’t

c) mustn’t

31. The partner to the contract __________ change the terms stated.

a) mustn’t

b) needs

c) can’t

IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме.

32. This company has achieved __________ results in production than the competitive one.

a) the best

b) better

c) goodest

33. Farming should be __________ with new agricultural machines.

a) less efficient

b) most efficient

c) more efficient

34. Since the operator’s age greatly increased, the probability of decline in the farm output was ________.

a) less inevitable

b) more inevitable

c) inevitable

X. Переведите текст письменно.

The word “economy” is the word we hear or read almost every day. For example, we may be told that “the world economy is in deadlock”, or “European economy is making little progress out of recession”, or “the UK economy is beginning to recover”, or “Scottish economy has held up relatively well during the recent recession”.

But what is meant by “economy”? What is economy? What happens under different economic conditions? How does economy work?

Economy means a system for management, use and control of money, goods and other resources of a country, community or household. The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms as well as the government and local authorities. All of them take decisions about prices and wages, what to buy, sell, produce, export, import and many other matters. All these organizations and the decisions taken play a prominent part in creating the business environment in which firms exist and operate.

Контрольная работа №1

по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей

заочного отделения

I семестр

Вариант 2

I.  Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

MIXED ECONOMY

There are three types of management in economies. Economy may be almost totally planned, as it was in the Soviet Union. Economy may be almost totally unplanned, as it is in the USA. Or economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation. Examples of the latter are Japan and South Korea.

In a planned economy the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed. Governments set all the priorities, and the producers are to follow the directions given to them.

In a partially planned economy such as Japanese, the government often encourages industry and helps it with subsidies. The government also makes investments and regulates trade.

The United States is an example of an unplanned economy. But it has a lot of government intervention in economic activity. As the economy of the United States grew, and as the government and its importance increased, the government policy at every level acquired greater importance for the economy. 

But the economy of the United States may be called unplanned because the government does not regulate what will be produced and how it will be marketed. These decisions are left to the producers. Even the great amount of government regulation that has emerged since the Great Depression has not turned the economy of the United States into a planned economy.

The name of the American economic system is capitalism. Another name for it is the free market economy.

II.  Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. Who makes all the decisions about production and consumption in a planned economy?

a) the government

b) producers

c) managers

2. Which type does the economy of Japan belong to?

a) planned economy

b) unplanned economy

c) partially planned economy

3. How are the resources allocated in the United States of America?

a) entirely through the markets

b) by central planning

c) with a large dose of government intervention

III.  Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. Economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation ________.

a) as it used to be in the Soviet Union

b) as it is in Japan and South Korea

c) as it is in the United States

5. The government of the USA ________.

a) encourages industry and helps it with subsidies

b) decides what goods are to be produced

c) does not regulate what will be produced

6. The producers of a country with a planned economy _________.

a) follow the directions of the government

b) promote goods without any government restrictions

c) decide how the goods are to be marketed

7. A free market economy ________.

a) relies entirely on command

b) has no government intervention

c) is a system of centralized planning

8. Government regulations and restrictions __________.

a) are the same in every country

b) are of no importance in any country

c) differ greatly from country to country

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

9. способы управления 

a) managerial skills

b) types of management

c) management duties

10. субсидия

a) subsidy

b) subsidiary

c) subsidize

11. продавать на рынке

a) marketing

b) market

c) marketer

12. экономика

a) economic

b) economist

c) economy

13. вкладывать, инвестировать

a) make investments

b) do investments

c) put investments

14.  управление торговлей

a) trade regulation

b) regular trade

c) regulate trade

15.  принимать решение

  a) decision

  b) make a decision

  c) be decisive about something

V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

16. Governments set all the priorities, and the producers are to follow the directions given to them.

a) Правительства устанавливают приоритет, а производители следуют в заданном им направлении.

b) Правительства устанавливают порядок очередности выполнения задач, а производители обязаны выполнять данные им указания.

c) Правительства устанавливают срочность выполнения задач и выдают последующие инструкции для производителей.

17. As the economy of the United States grew, and as the government and its importance increased, the government policy at every level acquired greater importance for the economy. 

a) Экономический рост США и увеличение государственного аппарата в значительной степени определили пути экономического развития страны.

b) Экономический рост Соединенных Штатов придал большую значимость государственной политике на каждом уровне экономического развития.

c) По мере развития экономики Соединенных Штатов и возрастания роли правительства, государственная политика приобрела большую значимость для каждого уровня экономической системы.

18. Even the great amount of government regulation that has emerged since the Great Depression has not turned the economy of the United States into a planned economy.

a) Даже значительная доля правительственного регулирования со времен “Великой Депрессии” не заставила США свернуть с выбранного пути развития.

b) Даже значительное участие правительства в процессе экономического регулирования со времен “Великой Депрессии” не привело экономику Соединенных Штатов к централизованному планированию.

c) Значительное правительственное вмешательство со времен “Великой Депрессии” превратило экономику США в планированную.

VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

19.  In a planned economy the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed.

a) In a mixed economy the government and market are both of importance. 

b) In a planned economy the government allows great individual economic freedom.

c) In a command economy the government regulates production and consumption of  goods.

20. An economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation.

  a) An economy may be a system without any government intervention.

b) Some economic systems may be a sample of the mixed economy, where some industries are owned by the state and others by individuals, who are free to run business.

  c) In a mixed economy the government has the power to choose the ways of production and consumption.

21. The decisions are left to the producer in an unplanned economy.

a) If the economy is unplanned, it is the owner but not the government who has the right to decide what will be produced and how it will be distributed.

b) In an unplanned economy the government has the right to regulate production.

c) In an unplanned economy both the government and the manufacturer control production and levels of consumption.

VII.  Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.

22. Inflation _________ by the rise in prices within a certain period of time.

a) characterizes

b) characterized

c) is characterized

23. The number of countries with market economy _______ since the Soviet Union collapsed.