Английский язык (стр. 7 )

b) prevent inflation

c) maintain the existing level of output and employment

6. If the government can get the timing and magnitude of the injection correct, it will be able to __________.

a) control business activity

b) reduce aggregate demand

c) avoid the effects of depression

7. Much government action is inaccurate in ___________.

a) making injections or withdrawal

b) timing and magnitude of injections and withdrawal

c) eliminating the effects of depression

8. Ideally, aggregate demand should be regulated in such a way so as ___________.

a) to rise as much as the gross national product

b) to reduce the intensity of depression

c) to grow as much as the gross domestic product

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову.

9. устранять

a) to stimulate

b) to regulate

c) to eliminate

10. колебание        

a) depression

b) fluctuation

c) boom

11. поддерживать

a) to maintain

b) to control

c) to follow

12. избегать        

a) to manage

b) to tend

c) to avoid

13. изъятие        

a) withdrawal

b) reduction

c) injection

14. уменьшать

a) to withdraw

b) to reduce

c) to keep

15. предсказывать        

a) to tell

b) to brake

c) to forecast

V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание  предъявленного.

16. An unregulated economy will tend to go through periods of depression and boom.

а) Нерегулируемая экономика будет склонна к депрессии.

b) В нерегулируемой экономике будет наблюдаться тенденция к чередованию периодов спада и резкого подъема.

с) Нерегулярная экономика будет иметь тенденцию к прохождению через периоды депрессии и бума.

17. Ideally, aggregate demand should be managed in such a way so as to grow as much as the GNP.

а) Совокупный спрос следует соотносить с валовым национальным продуктом.

b) В идеале, регулирование совокупного спроса должно осуществляться таким образом, чтобы он вырос до величины валового национального продукта.

с) Валовой национальный продукт должен вырасти до величины совокупного спроса.

18. Governments try to avoid such fluctuations by stimulating aggregate demand when the economy is depressed and reducing aggregate demand when the economy is overheating.

а) Правительства пытаются избегать таких колебаний, т. е. внезапных спадов и подъемов развития, стимулируя агрегатный спрос, когда экономика депрессивная, и редуцируя агрегатный спрос, когда экономика “перегревшаяся”.

b) Правительства пытаются избежать таких колебаний в экономике, стимулируя и уменьшая совокупный спрос.

с) Правительства пытаются избежать таких колебаний, стимулируя совокупный спрос, когда экономика в упадке, и сокращая совокупный спрос, когда экономика развивается слишком быстрыми темпами.

VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

19. There exist two main problems: correct timing of a government injection or withdrawal and correct magnitude of an injection into or withdrawal from the economy to eliminate depressions and booms.

a) Two main troubles exist here: to make choice between the periods of the government supporting or neglecting the economy development.

b) There are two main economic problems to be settled by the government: the right moment and the necessary amount of money and resources to be supplied or taken from the economy to avoid recessions or sudden increase in economic activity.

c) To choose the right time and the amount of money to put in or take from the economy, that is the way to solve all the economic problems.

20. If the government can get the timing and magnitude of the injection and withdrawal correct, it will be able to eliminate the effects of depression.

a) If the government can get rid of the effects of depression, it will be able to control the time and the rate of inflation.

b) The government should take the right decision when and how to finance the economy, which will have an effect on its further development.

c) The economy will face no recession if the government chooses the time and the amount of the injection or withdrawal correctly.

21. Where the government has not been successful in avoiding strong fluctuations in business activity, it can make injections into a growing economy which then overheats and withdraws too much at the wrong time braking too hard.

a) When the government is able to avoid depressions and booms, it might always speed up economic growth.

b) The government might promote rather fast economic development, or slow it down dramatically.

c) Injections into and withdrawals from the growing economy to avoid fluctuations are the key to its successful regulation.

VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.

22. The government ________ an important role in avoiding strong fluctuations in business activity.

a) is playing

b) played

c) plays

23. Currently the government  __________ efforts to keep aggregate demand low enough to avoid inflation.

a) has made

b) is making

с) is made

24. For many years governments _________ to keep stabilization policy by charging taxes to eliminate depressions and booms.

a) have tried

b) was trying

c) tried

25. Prices and aggregate demand _____ always ­­­­_______by economists.

a) had monitored

b) are monitored

c) are monitoring

26. The problem of proper demand regulation_______ yet.

a) has not solved

b) is not solved

c) has not been solved

VIII. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

27.  Next year the government ________ to reduce the fluctuation level of economic activity.

a) could

b) will be able

c) may

28. To avoid high rate of inflation, aggregate demand ________to be kept low enough.

a) has

b) should

c) must

29. The government  _________ make injections into growing economy.

a) has

b) can

c) ought

30. Business owners _________ support stabilization policy.

a) are allowed

b) are able

c) should

31. The government __________ to take proper measures to avoid high inflation last year.

a) need

b) had

c) were

IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме.

32. Inflation is a rise in the level of prices as demand is ________ than supply.

a) the highest

b) more high

c) higher

33. The regulation of aggregate demand suggests that it should rise as _________ as the GNP.

a) many

b) much

c) more

34. Last year the government took the _______ actions to eliminate the effects of recession.

a) more successful

b) most successful

c) successfullest

X. Переведите текст (письменно)

Opportunity cost is a fundamental concept of economics. Opportunity cost is the economic cost of using scarce resources in terms of the alternatives elsewhere. This concept is of value for all economic choices. In every choice the person has to take one action rather than others. For each choice, the person compares the benefits and costs of each alternative and tries to get the maximum benefit.

Benefits are usually clearly seen. The person can feel satisfaction because he buys a car, a meal, a concert, or even a year at college. But costs are more difficult to see. The true economic cost – the opportunity cost may be not the same as the simple expression in money terms because there are other real costs.

The other real costs are often hidden or indirect. They include things, material and immaterial, the person cannot get because he gets something else.

For example, with just two days before exams, you can only study eco­nomics and raise your course grade from В to A, or only chemistry and raise that grade from С to A. The opportunity cost of an A in chemistry is getting a В in economics rather than an A. 

Контрольная работа №2 по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей заочного отделения II семестр

Вариант 1

I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

CALCULATING INTEREST ON LOANS

Depending upon the amount of money borrowed, interest can become a significant cost. The borrower should be familiar with the commonly used methods of calculating interest. Three principal methods are: (1) flat interest rate, (2) interest on the unpaid balance, and (3) the discount method.