Английский язык (стр. 8 )

With the flat interest rate method, a specified rate of interest is paid on the original amount of the loan. Interest may also be charged on the unpaid balance. In this case, interest is paid only on the amount owed. With the discount method, interest is deducted in advance. Assume $500 is borrowed to be repaid in one year. If the lender discounts the loan in advance at 8 per cent, he will make the loan for $500 but will only extend $ the use of this method $40.00 interest will be paid.

Often loans are amortized. That is, the interest and principal payment are repaid in such a way that there is an equal payment each month or each year. When this method is used, the interest payment is high in the early years of the loan and then declines. The principal payment, on the other hand, is low in the early years of the loan and then it increases.

The term “amortization” is also used to refer to loans which have equal principal payments. The periodic interest payments are based on the unpaid balance. Under this plan the principal payment is the same each period, but the amount of interest and, hence, the total payment declines. This type of repayment plan is common in the farm mortgage field and is preferred by some lenders to the type of amortized repayment plan.

With short or intermediate credit it is advisable to be in a flexible position. Therefore, one of two conditions is desirable: (1) either the loan should be written for a long enough period of time; or (2) the borrower should be assured the lender is willing to make an extension if one becomes necessary. Many commercial banks like making loans for relatively short periods. They may do this knowing the loan will not be repaid in full when it falls due. When the loan comes due, they have an opportunity to reconsider the loan with the ch practices, however, can lead to financial troubles for the borrower and can decrease the efficiency of his operation if the loan is called.

II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is the second basic method of calculating interest?

a) discount method

b) flat interest rate method

c) interest on the unpaid balance

2. What method is used to deduct interest in advance?

a) the flat interest rate method

b) the discount method

c) interest on the unpaid basis

3. What period of time do most commercial banks prefer to make loans for?

a) a very long period of time

b) a relatively short period

c) an unlimited period

III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.

4. With short credit it is advisable ________.

a) to be in a flexible position

b) to be in a limited position

c) to be in an unlimited position

5. Interest may be charged on ________.

a) the blocked balance

b) the average balance

c) the unpaid balance

6. There is an equal payment ________.

a) each month or each year

b) every three months

c) every ten days

7. This type of the repayment plan is common _________.

a) in the manufacturing field

b) in the farm mortgage field

c) in the information technology field

8. While applying for a loan, the borrower should be familiar with ______.

a) the market situation.

b) the terms of granting bonuses

c) the commonly used methods of granting loans

IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

9. заемщик

a) borrowed

b) borrower

c) lender

10. процентная ставка

a) interest-free

b) interest payment

c) interest rate

11. владеть

a) own

b) owner

c) owe

12. возмещенный

a) paid

b) unpaid

c) repaid

13. выплата процентов

a) principal payment

b) equal payment

c) interest payment

14. среднесрочный кредит

  a) intermediate-term credit

  b) external credit

  c) interstate credit

15. гибкий

a) desirable

b) flexible

c) advisable

V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

16. With the flat interest rate method, a specified rate of interest is paid.

a) Когда имеется единая процентная ставка, то выплачивается определенная сумма ссуды.

b) По методу единой процентной ставки осуществляется выплата определенной процентной ставки от предложенной ссуды.

c) По методу единой интересной ставки выплачивается специфическая ставка.

17. This type of repayment plan is common in the farm mortgage field and is preferred by some lenders to the type of amortized repayment plan.

a) Этот тип оплаты – общий для фермерских займов и предпочитается другим видам.

b) Некоторые кредиторы предпочитают использовать план погашения займа равными частями, так как он распространен среди фермеров.

c) Этот тип возмещения платежей довольно распространен в сфере фермерской ипотеки, и некоторые кредиторы предпочитают выбирать его, а не план погашения займа равными частями. 

18. When the loan comes due, banks have an opportunity to reconsider the loan with the borrower.

a) Когда наступает срок выплаты кредита, то банки могут пересмотреть условия займа с заемщиком.

b) Ссуда предоставляется клиенту в любое время.

c) Есть возможность пересмотра суммы кредита с должником.

VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

19. Often loans are amortized.

a) Principal payment is repaid.

b) There is an equal repayment each day.

c) There is an equal debt repayment each month or each year.

20. The borrower should be familiar with the commonly used methods of calculating interest.

a) He should know how the interest rate is calculated.

b) He should know where the interest rate is deduced.

c) He should know how to set the average interest rate.

21. Interest rate is deducted in advance.

a) It is interesting to deduct it in advance.

b) Interest is calculated after receiving the money.

c) The amount expressed as a percentage is deducted beforehand.

VII. Определите функцию неличной формы глагола.

22. Accounting and banking involve identifying, measuring, recording economic information about business.

a) дополнение

b) обстоятельство

c) подлежащее

23. The amortized repayment plan is considered to be less preferable.

a) дополнение (часть Complex Object)

b) подлежащее (часть Complex Subject)

c) обстоятельство (часть независимого причастного оборота)

24. New technology having been introduced, the enterprise increased output.

обстоятельство (часть независимого причастного оборота) подлежащее        

с) дополнение

25. To employ workers with little human capital is one of the ways of minimizing labour cost.

a) обстоятельство

b) дополнение

c) подлежащее

VIII. Выберите правильную неличную форму глагола.

26. A specified interest rate is known _______ on the original amount of the loan.

a) to pay

b) to be paid

c) to be paying

27. The term is also used ______ to loans which have equal principles of payment.

a) refer

b) referred

c) to refer

28. If an individual wants his business __________, he has to take a loan from a bank.

a) to expand

b) expand

c) expanding

29. The loan __________ for a long period of time, the borrower should get to know the interest rate.

a) be given

b) being given

c) is given

30. These methods are useful for ________ farm efficiency.

a) improved

b) have improved

c) improving

IX. Выберите правильную форму сослагательного наклонения.

31. If the borrower ______ familiar with the methods of calculating interest last year, he _________ all the money.

a) were,  would not lose

b) would be, would not have lost

c) had been, would not have lost 

32. If the method ______, the interest of payment _____ high in the early years of the loan.

a) had been used, would have been

b) were used, would have been

c) had been used, would be

33. If this system of management ________ to be effective, they ________ it.

a) has proved, would have adopt

b) proved, would adopt

c) proved, would have adopted

34. If they ______ double entry bookkeeping system that year, they _______ the error in balances.

a) used, would find

b) had used, would found

c) had used, would have found

35. If they _______ $ 500, the interest ________ $ 40.

a) had borrowed, would be

b) borrowed, would be

c) borrowed, would have been

X. Переведите текст письменно.

To serve as a means of deferred payment is an important function of money due to the fact that most business is transacted on the basis of credit nowadays. When goods are supplied on credit, the buyer becomes the owner of the goods at the time of delivery, but he does not have to make payment at once. The buyer pays by installments within a certain period of time, for instance, three or even six months after delivery. When signed, a special contract, usually referred to as “the hire purchase contract”, lets the buyer make payments over several years.