54. In 1973, when most people feared that nothing could stop greedy OPEC members from raising oil prices as much as they chose, the producers affected to accept western cash for their black bullion out of charity.
55. In unexpectedly strong language, the report describes the Guatemalan policy at the height of the war as a policy of genocide.
56. Sociologists are fond of characterising Italy as a place, strong on families but feeble on « civic society».
57. The full effect on trade of rising costs caused by high wage settlements and a rising exchange rate has yet to be felt in Britain, the bank pany profitability in the first six months was the worst recorded and real unemployment is growing twice as fast as official jobless statistics show.
58. Several distinguished economists testifying on Capitol Hill have cast doubts on the administration's predictions. L. K., the Nobel Prize winner, says, «The outlook is not as rosy as far as growth is concerned, as far as inflation is concerned and as far as the balanced budget is concerned.»
59. However, any concession as valuable as this was to the British could not be allowed to evaporate.
60. Both astronauts emphasized that they did not expect any major problems during the maiden flight. As for the technical problems that had delayed the shuttle's launch by almost three years, they remarked that «engineering problems are the name of the game.»
61. In East Asian countries death penalty is applied to drug smugglers and rapists as well as to murderers.
62. The deregulation of the 1990s has created competition between the states in attracting investment from within India as well as from foreign investment.
63. The idea of «the man of feeling» describes America's perception of its role in today's world as well as in the world of 1776.
64. Space station «Freedom», as it was then called, was to be completed at a cost of $8 bin. As well as asserting America's might as a space-faring superpower, it let researchers monitor the effects of very long-term weightlessness on astronauts.
65. The World Bank has prepared a draft set of «principles of good practice social policy,» which draws on its own experience of social development as well as action plans and declarations drawn up by other bodies.
66. Though George Gallup is most famous as a political pollster, he built a fortune telling manufacturers and film makers, as well as politicians, what people thought.
67. If Cardinal Martini did become pope, he might shake things up quite a bit. For sure, no one else in the Catholic hierarchy has the same grasp of issues, worldly as well as spiritual. He knows the ins and outs of global immigration. He is a diplomat who has deftly handled such tortuous matters as relations between Christians and Jews. He is well-travelled and sophisticated, as popular in the Anglo-Saxon world as in Southern Europe.
68. But if the blunt instrument of bombing succeeds in this, it will owe as much to luck as to precision.
69. On the constitution, the Blair government can justly claim to be radical. Decentralisation of government was overdue. Just as important will be the fulfilment of promises for a Freedom of Information Act, and for greater protection of human rights. But the impetus for reform came as much from political expediency, in particular a desire to fend off Scottish nationalism, as from a coherent vision of a modern constitution.
70. The gut anti-Americanism of the European left, often as much cultural as ideological, was diluted in Mr Solana's case by his time spent in the USA as a Fulbright scholar in the 1960s.
71. In recent weeks, several heads of government have begun to muse, after the years of belt-tightening needed to qualify for euro, about reducing their high unemployment by increased public spending. Yet, though it would be as wrong to pursue too restrictive a fiscal policy as too tight a monetary policy, should economies slow sharply, more public spending is the last thing Europe needs.
72. Perhaps the European Commission should resign more often. Its decision to do so last week has so far been nothing but a tonic.
73. While Elizabeth Dole was considered warm and friendly by the rank and file at the Labor Department, those who worked more closely with her in the executive suite often saw a woman who could be cool and inaccessible to all but a few trusted aides.
74. For a generation, Italy — to its credit — has educated women on a par with men, forever broadening their horizons beyond the kitchen and crib... But the government has all but ignored the flip side of sending women off to work: the children and household responsibilities they leave behind.
75. The Government has declared war on the unions. They have no alternative but to fight back with every weapon at their disposal.
76. We cannot but recall in this connection the statement made by Mr. Eden in the League of Nations Assembly in 1936.
77. « Everything from the strength of our economy, to the safety of our cities, to the health of our people depends on events not only within our border but half a world away,» the President said.
78. What response the Japanese people will make to that defeat can now be but dimly foreseen.
79. Despite a «difficult year» last year, the bank increased its net profits by 24 per cent and shareholders would have been given a bigger increase than that recently announced but for the Government's restraint rules.
80. In our epoch the peoples and states have but one choice: peaceful coexistence or nuclear war of extermination.
81. In view of profound political upheavals of the late twentieth century, it could be foolish to suggest that any system of classification of political regimes can be anything but provisional.
82. She casts herself as a representative of traditional Christian family values, yet her personal history has been anything but traditional.
83. Once it could be presumed that all American consumers wanted basically the same thing, American producers suddenly had a large stake in knowing what that was.
84. He once had a dozen chiefs and vice presidents reporting directly to him and oversaw a 500-person company. Now his only employee is a personal assistant who left the company with him.
85. Once the negotiators initial* the package in Geneva, the participating governments will go over the fine print** to iron out possible minor differences, then sign a revised « final act.»
86. Once thinking and reason have been expunged, it's merely a matter of which belief system one prefers and how that belief system defines the «Higher good.»
87. If the Saudi royal family, in particular, were overthrown, it would send oil markets into turmoil. Once low prices move more production back to the Middle East, even a toppled emirate or two might be enough to cause disarray.
88. For once, « Britain, France and other European governments feel that they are moving seriously on defence, so they want Washington to let the alliance stand on its laurels and not roil allied relations,)) a pro-American ambassador at NATO headquarters said.
89. Informal discussions have begun on a third treaty that could bring both sides down to 2.000 warheads or lower. Once the United States and Russia reach that level, arms reduction talks will have to include the other nuclear powers as well.
90. The morning's debate had produced more passion than reason, more noise than skill. The Secretary of State moved the successful motion on defence costs with a speech well below his best form.
91. In the federal elections they will probably not do quite so well, but nevertheless they are likely to gain seats.
92. For the French, the biggest beneficiaries of agricultural subsidies, the question concerns not only money but the very character of the EU.
93. This was the very week in which big business started to fire its pro-Euro artillery, with the official launch of the «Britain in Еигоре» campaign headed by the Chairman of British Airways.
§ 11. СЛОЖНОПОДЧИНЕННЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
Некоторые сложноподчиненные предложения представляют значительную трудность при переводе. Для того, чтобы правильно перевести такое предложение, надо уметь правильно его анализировать. Синтаксический анализ сложноподчиненного предложения рекомендуется проводить в следующем порядке:
1. При разборе предложения прежде всего надо найти главные члены предложения: сказуемое и подлежащее. Сказуемое определяется по наличию глагола (смыслового или глагола-связки) в личной форме. Подлежащее находится слева от него. Анализ сложноподчиненного предложения надо начинать с конца предложения. Количество грамматических подлежащих и согласованных с ними сказуемых помогает установить количество предложений.
2. Надо найти подчинительные союзы и союзные слова, так как они помогут выделить придаточные предложения и установить характер подчинительной связи предложения (придаточное определительное, дополнительное, условное, временное и т. д.). Следует помнить, что в английском языке предложения могут присоединяться бессоюзно*.
3. Далее надо выяснить, какие второстепенные члены имеются в главном и придаточном предложениях. После этого можно переходить к переводу сложноподчиненного предложения.
Примерный анализ сложноподчиненного предложения
In order to get around the problem that the United Nations already had of getting its members to pay their subscriptions, on which its peace-keeping efforts depend, it has been proposed that there should be a new tax on arms sales, which would help to pay for current and future UN activities.
Начинаем анализ с конца предложения:
1) находим первое сказуемое — would help и стоящее слева от него союзное слово which, выполняющее роль подлежащего. Следовательно, это придаточное определительное неклассифицирующее (о последнем, в частности, свидетельствует запятая перед which);
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