Рабочая программа дисциплины Иностранный язык (стр. 11 )

       1. Circle the correct form of the pronoun or possessive adjective in the following sentences

I go to school with (he/him) every day. I see (she/her/herself) at the Union every Friday. Isn’t  (she/her) a nice person?

       plete these sentences by adding a possessive

I left ___ car in the garage. Mary hung  coat on the peg. Jack had  hair cut.

       3. Look at the following pairs of sentences. For each pair fill one blank with a/an, and the other with the.

1. I wrote __ long letter to Jenny this morning. Did I show you __ letter I got from Peter this morning?

2. My uncle used to be  dentist before he retired. Arthur Brown is___  dentist who lives next door to my parents.

3. Is there  bookshop in the High Street? I bought this at  book-

shop in the High Street.

       4. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives

Cold, young, old, difficult, good, far, bad, beautiful, weak, little, easy, near, strong, late, interesting, pretty, great, quick, important, warm, happy, early, deep, large, hot, long, simple, thin, wide, small, many, yellow, well - known, kind-hearted, shy.

         5. Choose the correct tense form

Something _______ (smell) very good. We ________(eat) dinner at 7 o’clock tonight. He ________(practise) the piano every day.

       6. Fill the spaces by inserting the correct modal verb.

  Students  ..... bring textbooks into the examination room. ... you stand on your head? – I..... when I was at school but I..... now. ..... I smoke here? – No, you..... Smoking is not allowed.

       7. Open the brackets, using the correct form of the Passive Voice

I’m not wearing my black shoes today. They (mend). This copy (not read). The pages (not cut). Why the car (not lock) and (put) into the garage?

         8.  Complete the following sentences using the complex object.

I think he should have his coat…. No one expected him…. For some time we watched them….

2. Чтение и перевод текста с ИЯ на РЯ. Ответы на вопросы экзаменатора.

Truth is Always Strange, Stranger than Fiction!

I would like to tell you a story about my uncle Theo. He is my oldest uncle, a tall, thin grey-haired man whose thoughts were always on learning and nothing else. He’s quiet and gentle and absent-minded and with about as much sense as a child where money is concerned.

Well, he applied for a post in Camford University. It was a very good post and there were hundreds of candidates who applied for it, and about fifteen, including Theo, were asked to be interviewed.

Now Camford is a very small town, there is only one hotel in it, and this was full. Theo shared the room with a man who was a self-confident fellow, called Adams, about twenty years younger than Theo, with a loud voice and a laugh that you could hear all over the hotel. But he was a clever fellow all the same.

As a result of the first interview, the number of the candidates was reduced to two. Uncle Theo and Adams. They decided to make their final choice after each candidate had given a public lecture in a college lecture-hall.

For three days Uncle Theo never left his room. He worked day and night at that lecture almost without eating and sleeping. Adams didn’t seem to do any preparation at all.

The  day of the lecture arrived. They all went into the lecture-hall and Theo and Adams took their seats on the platform. Theo discovered, to his horror,  that the typewritten copy of his speech had disappeared! The Dean called Adams first. With despair in his heart, Theo watched Adams calmly take the stolen speech out of his pocket and read it. And how well he read it! When Adams finished there was a great burst of applause. Adams bowed and sat down.

Now it was Theo’s turn. But what could he do? With a burning face he could only repeat, word for word, in a low dull voice the lecture that Adams had spoken so eloquently. There was hardly any applause when he sat down.

The Dean and the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, but everyone was sure what their decision would be. Adams leaned across to Theo and patted him on the back and said smilingly,’’Hard luck, old fellow, but after all, only one of us could win.’’

Then the Dean and committee came back. “Gentlemen”, the Dean said.” The candidate we have chosen is Mr. Theo Hobdell.” Uncle Theo had won! The audience were completely taken by surprise, and the Dean continued,” I think I ought to tell you how we arrived at that decision. We were all filled with admiration at the learning and eloquence of Mr. Adams. But you remember, Mr. Adams read his lecture to us. When Mr. Hobdell's turn came, he repeated that speech word by word from memory. Now a fine memory is absolutely necessary for this post, and what a memory Mr. Hobdell must have! That is why we decided that Mr. Hobdell was exactly the man we wanted!”

3. Реферирование газетной (журнальной) статьи по специальности на ИЯ.

Light switches on the brain

A new technique called optogenetics that uses light to control the activity of nerve cells is ushering in a world of remote-controlled animals, light-regulated genes and wireless brain implants

Leading lights in optogenetics presented the latest developments in their field during a mini-symposium at the 40th annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in San Diego at the weekend.

Optogenetics has emerged in the past decade as a high-precision tool for monitoring and controlling the activity of nerve cells. It is based on light-sensitive proteins called rhodopsins, which are isolated from algae and bacteria and are related to the proteins found in the human retina.

When rhodopsins in the human eye's photoreceptors are struck by light, they initiate a cascade of biochemical reactions, causing the cells to send signals to the brain via the optic nerve. But the microbial rhodopsins behave differently – they alter the electrical properties of neurons directly, and it is these properties that make them so useful.

When introduced into neurons, they insert themselves into the membrane, making the cells sensitive to light. Pulses of laser light can then be used to activate or silence specified groups of neurons on a millisecond-by-millisecond timescale.

From the beginning, this technique proved to be extremely powerful. The earliest optogenetic experiments involved using the microbial proteins to control the movements of small organisms such as nematode worms and fruit flies.

More recently, the technique has been used to control increasingly complex behaviours in mammals. In the past few years, it has been used to restore vision in blind mice, to rescue nerve function in mice with spinal cord injuries, and to control the signalling pathways involved in reward, motivation, and fear conditioning.

Ed Boyden of MIT Media Lab, who has been instrumental in developing the technique, described how tinkering with the optogenetic toolkit is leading to further refinements. Using genetic engineering, researchers are making the microbial rhodopsins more sensitive to light, improving their on/off rate and speeding up their recovery after activation, all of which are enabling them to control the activity of complex neuronal circuits with unprecedented and increasing precision.

Typically, optogenetics in mammals involves inserting optical fibres into the brain to deliver laser light to the areas being targeted. Boyden described new "multi-wave" arrays that emit light at multiple points, allowing larger areas of the brain to be targeted.

Until now, the microbial rhodopsins have only been expressed in the cell membrane, but Anselm Levskaya of the University of California, San Francisco, described how he is developing ways of using optogenetics to interrogate the computational processes that take place within cells.

Neurons process information by means of intricate networks containing hundreds of different enzymes and signalling molecules. Levskaya is now using optogenetics to study how the components of these networks interact with each other. The technique is so precise that it can be used to monitor these interactions in single dendritic spines, the tiny finger-like projections on nerve cell branches at which signalling takes place.

He also described how optogenetics can be used to control gene transcription, the process by which genetic information is transcribed during the early stages of protein synthesis. This "gene painting" is now enabling researchers to regulate patterns of gene expression at high spatial and temporal resolution, using light.

John Lin of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute described how genetically encoded calcium sensors can monitor nerve activity. These sensors can be used to visualise the tiny localised increases in calcium ion concentration that are characteristic of nerve cell activity. A recent paper published in the journal Nature Neuroscience shows how useful these sensors can be. A team of researchers led by David Tank of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics at Princeton used such a sensor in mice navigating a virtual reality environment. They were able to image the activity of the animals' place cells, which encode spatial information, in real time and at cellular resolution.

Eventually, optogenetics will enable the cumbersome neural implants used in humans today to be replaced with wireless implants containing miniature light-emitting diodes. Early pre-clinical trials conducted in primates show that the technique is safe and does not elicit an immune response.

There are, however, technical problems, including the poor penetration of light into deep tissues. One reason for this is that blood absorbs blue and green light, the wavelengths most commonly used to activate the microbial rhodopsins in optogenetic studies. Michael Lin of the University of California, San Diego, described how this can be overcome by "redshifting" the proteins, engineering them to be sensitive to bright red light instead of blue or green.