Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been a threat in certain parts of the world. A volcanic eruption virtually wiped out the small Caribbean island of Montserrat in 1997 and there have been serious earthquakes in Greece, Turkey and El Salvador. The quake that rocked the small Central American country of El Salvador in 2001 came as the people were still rebuilding their houses and recovering from 1998's Hurricane Mitch.
So why is nature beginning to turn on us? (4) _______. The population of the world is growing at the rate of 10,000 people an hour, 240,000 every day, nearly 90 million a year, with most of the growth in the developing world. People in agricultural areas, unemployed and sometimes undernourished, move to the cities, and then set up homes on poor soil, crowded into substandard buildings. (5) _______.
This has mainly been caused by the mismanagement of the world's resources: carbon emissions from rich countries; the activities of the big multinational companies; the deforestation of the world's forests. As a result, a hotter ocean breeds fiercer cyclones and hurricanes. It surrenders greater quantities of water as evaporation, and more powerful winds dump this water against mountainsides with increasing fury. Atlantic hurricanes, for instance, are 40% more intense now than they were 30 years ago.
Volcanoes and earthquakes are even more dangerous than in the past as around half the world's population now lives in cities. There are more than 500 active and semi-active volcanoes, about fifty of which erupt each year, and more than 500 million people now live within range of a volcanic eruption. An even greater number live at risk, in some degree, from earthquakes which have taken a toll of more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
All the betting from the disaster professionals is that things will get worse. Professor McGuire, of University College London, is a volcanologist who has been warning for years that the world has not seen the worst nature can do. The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia. It pumped so much dust into the stratosphere that it effectively cancelled the following summer in Europe and America. (6) _______."It reduced temperatures by maybe 6°C in some places and the whole planet was plunged into winter for years. And there are about two of these events every 100,000 years..."
3. Now use the Strategies to complete the gaps in the text (1 -6) with these sentences (a-g). There is one extra sentence you do not need.
But geological evidence shows that 73,000 years ago there was a much greater eruption. Even prosperous Europe has suffered and large areas of France, Britain and Germany have all been under water. That is probably not the most important factor either. Third, the other bits of land you might have been able to farm are now useless. On top of all that, add climate change and the spectre of global warming. For example, the Yellow River, once notorious for flooding the Chinese landscape, failed to reach the sea at all on 226 days in 1997. One answer is overpopulation.4. Прочитайте и переведите тексты, заполните пропуски данными словами:
I.
Drought, famine, helicopters, drop, starve, flood, starvation, drown, cut off
Famine and flood
If a country has no rain for a long time, this dry period is called a 1)… . In countries dependent on their agriculture, this can lead to a period of 2)…, when there is not enough food and people actually 3) … (die of hunger). They die of 4) … .
When it rains very heavily and the land is under water, this is called a 5) … . In this situation people and animals can 6) … . Sometimes 7) … have to 8) …. food supplies (доставка пищи) to people in areas which are 9)… .
II.
Medical teams, rescue teams, trapped, rubble, epidemic, casualties, toll, collapse, outbreak, earthquake
Earthquake and epidemic
In some parts of the world, the ground shakes from time to time. This is called an … and if it’s a bad one, the number of … (dead and injured people) is sometimes large. Buildings often … and … have to search for people who are … under the … . Sometimes water supplies are affected and there is an … of disease, called an … . ….. are sent by the government to help the sick. The death … can reach hundreds or even thousands.
6. Заполните пропуски в предложениях подходящими по смыслу словами
Floods earthquake famine drought disease emergency refugees aid charity injuries |
1. The crops have failed again and _______ is widespread.
2. The latest San Francisco ________ measured 4.5 on the Richter scale.
3. In case of ________break the glass and push the button.
4. Half a million ______have now crossed the border in an attempt to find food.
5. I never give to _______. I think it should be the government’s responsibility.
6. The present government has given more in _______ to needy countries than any other in living memory.
7. Many children have suffered terrible _____ as a result of the fighting.
8. A new ____ has been discovered which causes partial blindness and skin problems.
9. There has been a ____ in certain parts of the country due to the lack of rain.
10. There has been so much rain that some rivers have burst their banks and there have been ____.
7. Сделайте письменный перевод текста с русского на английский язык в текстовом документе Microsoft Word. Отправьте его прикрепленным файлом для проверки преподавателю в назначенный срок по электронному адресу
Существует множество чрезвычайных ситуаций. Некоторые из них зависят от времени года, такие как наводнение (происходит в основном весной, когда тают (melt) снега) или засуха (случается жарким летом, когда выпадает мало осадков (precipitation)).
Часто землетрясения являются причиной торнадо, больших волн (цунами) и крупных разрушений.
На севере зимой часто случаются метели и снежные заносы, что приводит к обморожению и переохлаждению людей.
С целью спасения и помощи людям в России было создано министерство по чрезвычайным ситуациям. Спасатели стараются помочь людям, попавшим в беду: достают их из-под завалов зданий, доставляют продовольствие в регионы, терпящие бедствия, тушат пожары и т. д. Иногда пострадавшие не могут ответить из-под завалов, и чтобы их найти, спасателям помогают специально обученные собаки.
Главная задача - научиться предсказывать чрезвычайные ситуации и предупреждать людей (warn about) и эвакуировать (evacuate) их из опасных мест (dangerous).
10.4 Методические материалы, определяющие процедуры оценивания знаний, умений, навыков и (или) опыта деятельности характеризующих этапы формирования компетенций.
Промежуточная аттестация. Студенты, выполнившие учебный план получают оценку «зачтено». Студенты, набравшие 35 баллов, являются допущенными к сдаче зачета. Студенты, набравшие от 35 до 60 баллов, получают «не зачтено». Студенты, набравшие от 61 до 100 баллов, получают оценку «зачтено».
дифференцированный зачёт проходит в виде собеседования по не менее трём вопросам из различных разделов курса. На подготовку ответов (письменной или устной форме) отводится не менее 30 минут. По вопросам проводится собеседование, в ходе которого могут быть заданы дополнительные вопросы.
Примерный перечень вопросов для зачета
1)
What natural disasters have happened in the last few months?
What do you think governments can do to prevent natural disasters?
What organizations do you know that provide aid after disasters or work for the environment?
What can we do as individuals to improve the environment and help victims of natural disasters?
2)
1. Have you ever experienced fear of flying? If so, what is your way of overcoming this phobia? Is it similar to any of the “techniques” described in the text?
2. Which of the techniques suggested by the authors do you find particularly sensible? Why?
3. Are there any techniques that you find impracticable? If so, which ones and why?
4. Which of the techniques do you think you might try yourself when you take your next flight? Why?
11.Образовательные технологии:
- лекции и практические занятия с использованием мультимедийных презентаций; практические занятия, на которых обсуждаются актуальные темы; выполнение письменных домашних заданий; самостоятельная работа студентов, в которую входит освоение теоретического материала, подготовка к практическим занятиям, консультации с преподавателем.
- семинарские занятия в основном проводятся в интерактивной форме: дискуссии( с использованием диалогов и монологов) по темам практических занятий;
- в сочетании с аудиторной работой с целью формирования и развития профессиональных навыков студентам предлагается выполнение самостоятельных работ (домашнее задание).
12. Учебно-методическое и информационное обеспечение дисциплины (модуля).
12.1. Основная литература:
Richard Acklam with Sally Burgess First certificate Gold. Coursebook. – UK: Longman, 2005 - 205 P. Hugh Dellar and Andrew Walkley Innovations. Coursebook. – UK: Thomson, 2006. – 186 P. Sarah Cunningham, Peter Moor Cutting edge. Intermediate. New. – UK: Pearson-Longman, 2008 – 180 P. Christian J Bezick Child Safety Book Guide for New and Expecting Parents. – New-York Publishing, 2007. – 235 P. Geoff Craighead High-Rise Security and Fire Life Safety, Second Edition. - ISBN: 0750674555 John Myre Live Safely in a Dangerous World. - ISBN: 0756474555 Thomas, Pat I Can Be Safe: A First Look at Safety. - UK, 2006 – 380 P. Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley Wishes. – UK: Express Publishing, 2009. -240 P. Безопасность жизни человека. Полная энциклопедия. – СПб: ИД «Весь», 2001г. – 384 с.12.2. Дополнительная литература:
1. Environment. The Next Frontier. U. S. Information Agency,2003.
2. Nation Geographic. Vol.186, NO.2, August, 1994.
3. Follow Through. 1990. BBC English.
4. The Source Book. Teaching materials of the British Council.
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