Комплект заданий для учащихся 7-8 классов (стр. 8 )

But geological evidence shows that 73,000 years ago there was a much greater eruption. Even prosperous Europe has suffered and large areas of France, Britain and Germany have all been under water. That is probably not the most important factor either. Third, the other bits of land you might have been able to farm are now useless. On top of all that, add climate change and the spectre of global warming. For example, the Yellow River, once notorious for flooding the Chinese landscape, failed to reach the sea at all on 226 days in 1997. One answer is overpopulation. 

Task 2

  You are going to read an information leaflet about working freelance. For questions 7-20, choose from the freelance jobs (A-E). Some of the jobs may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Of which freelance job(s) is the following stated?

0	D
7
8
10

(0) A lot of people are trying to work in this area. 

(7) It involves physical, manual work.

9

(8) It is very important to be punctual with your work.

(9) (10) Clients value past experience.

11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

(11) It is a good idea to appoint a professional to 

help build up your business contacts.

13

(12) You need to be careful about how you describe yourself.

(13) (14) You may need to know a particular person in order

to get work.

(15) Research is a key factor in identifying potential clients.

(16) You should think particularly carefully about what you

do with the money you earn.

(17) There are certain tax advantages.

(18) Clients may have a negative view of this area.

(19) Individual incomes vary enormously.

(20) There is a demand for people with a technical speciality.

Going freelance

Working successfully as a freelance means more than being competent at what you do, as this round-up shows.

A	Freelancing as a management consultant

The term ‘consultant’ has been overworked and, in some potential clients’ minds, means ‘managers who are out of work and looking for a job’, it might be better to describe yourself as ‘Expert in …’ or ‘Advisor on….’ (whatever the name of the subject or discipline). This will also focus attention right away on your area of expertise – it is very important to be able to describe what you do in as few words as possible. If you can establish your expertise in a subject or area that is in demand, your advice is taken more seriously than that of a management consultant who has never had to put into practice what he advises about.

B	Home and DIY services

Services to the home are mostly concerned with care and maintenance of buildings and repairs to a wide variety of items, ranging from household equipment and gadgets to cars. There are two routes to success that are worth taking. One is to keep your activity clear and simple and not to move outside a definable field of competence. The other is to put that message over in your publicity and to make sure it is seen by possible customers. The opportunities to operate without declaring your income to the authorities are very considerable – though not desirable – which may be one reason why what must be a major freelance field is not well published.

C	Photography, illustration and design

In this kind of work nothing impresses clients as much as a successful record. You should begin by looking round for clients who you think would like your work. that is not only a matter of personal contacts, but also of studying media that publish the kind of thing you yourself like and can do. It is in these offices that you work is most likely to make an impact. Taking your work round to potential clients is time-consuming and not everyone is effective in marketing their own work. An agent can be useful here. It means that the commercial side of things is divorced from the personal and artistic rapport which is so important in working with a client on the creative side.

D	Performing arts

Freelancing in this area is extremely competitive. Top names can make a great deal of money – for instance, a star actor can get a very large income from films, stage appearances, commercials and voice-overs. The majority of performers, however, earn much smaller amounts of money. The other factor is that some careers can be relatively short – sportspeople and models, for instance, only have a top earnings life of 10-15 years. Sound investment advice is, therefore, as important as having a good agent, though to judge by the frequency with which performers succeed in losing their hard-earned savings, not many realize this.

E	Journalism and writing

Journalism is a good area for freelancing, particularly if you specialize in a technical subject that attracts a lot of advertising: electronics is, at the moment, a notable case in point. On the other hand, it is very difficult to break into more general fields or into art, music, sport and travel. Newspapers and magazines are not the only possibilities for freelance writers. It is difficult to make money out of books, or even to get published, but writing advertising copy can be very profitable. However, such opportunities are hard to come by and seem to appear through personal contacts. Whatever branch of writing you decide to try, there is one universal principle. Reliability is all, and delivering even fairly boring stuff on time is worth almost any amount of unpunctual genius.

This is the end of the Reading Comprehension section.

TRANSFER ALL YOUR ANSWERS TO YOUR SHEET

Reading

ANSWER SHEET

ID

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Reading

KEYS

1	D
2	B
3	F
4	G
5	E
6	A
7	B
8	E
9	A
10	C
11	C
12	A
13	C
14	E
15	C
16	D
17	B
18	A
19	D
20	E

Лексико-грамматический тест - UseofEnglish

Методические рекомендации

В комплект материалов, необходимых для проведения лексико - грамматического теста, входят:

1.        Методические рекомендации

2.        Описание процедуры проведения лексико-грамматического теста

3.        Текст задания

4.        Ключи (для членов жюри)

5.        Лист ответа (для каждого участника)

Лексико-грамматический тест состоит из двух частей: собственно лексико-грамматической части и части, проверяющей социокультурную компетенцию. Всего в тесте 20 вопросов.

Задания соответствуют уровню сложности В2 по шкале Совета Европы. Учащиеся должны продемонстрировать соответствующий уровень владения лексическим материалом и умение оперировать им в условиях множественного выбора. Проверяется также владение грамматическим материалом в рамках программы средней школы и умение практически использовать его не только на уровне отдельного предложения, но и в более широком контексте.

Рекомендуемое время для выполнения всех заданий лексико - грамматического теста - 20 минут.